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«Íº¤Ó¦h¡A°ï¿n¦¨°ï¡Ax¶¤¥ô·N½î½ñ¡A¦b«Íº¤W©b¨«¡A¦³®É¬Æ¦Ü²Ì¶^¡C¤@´T¤Q¤À¥i©È¦Ó¥i´dªº¾Ô³õ¹Ïµe¡C
¡u³£¦]¨º¬ü»ªªº§²¤k¦h¦³²]¦æ¡AºD¦æ¨¸³N¡AÂDz]¦æ»¤´b¦C°ê¡A¥Î¨¸³N»¤´b¦h±Ú¡C¡v¡]4¸`¡^
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²]¦æ±`«ü·q©^°¸¹³ªº°g«HÁ|°Ê¡C¨Èz¥H©v±Ðªº¤èªk¤Þ»¤¥H¦â¦C¤Î¨ä¥L°ê®a³´¦b¸o´c¤§¤¤¡C¥H¦â¦C´N¦³¤@Ó¹ê»Úªº¾ú¥v¨Æ¥ó¡C·íŽl§Q¨È»P¥_°ê¥H¦â¦C¨Ó¯Ù¢µS¤jÁp·ù¡A¨Ó¹ï¥I¨Èz¡A¨È«¢´µ¤ý§ë¾a¨Èz¡AÁöµM¤@®ÉƧK©ó¾Ôº×¡A¦ý¥²¶·»P¨Èzµ²·ù¡A¨Ã±Ä¯Ç¨Èzªº©v±Ð¡A©Ò¥Iªº¥N»ù¹ê¦b¤Ó«¤j¡A¯u¬O±o¤£Àv¥¢¡]¤ý¤U¤Q¤»³¹¡^¡C
¨¸³N»P²]¦æ³£ÄÝ©ó°g«H»PÄÝÆFªºI¹D¡A¤]«ü¶T©ö»P¥~¥æªº¸Þ¶B»P´ÛÄF¡C¨¸³N¬O¤Ú¤ñÛ¯S§Oµo¹Fªº¡A¨Èz¤@©w¤]¦³³o¼Ëªº°g«H¡C
¡u»¤´b¡vì·N¬°¡u½æ¡v¡A§Y½æ¬°¥£Áõ¡A³o¬O¨Èz¹ï¦h±Úªº¸o¦æ¡A¨Ï¤H̦]©v±Ð°g«H¦Ó³´¤J¸o¤¤¡A¬Æ¦Ü²_¬°¥£Áõ¡A¨Ñ¨Èz¥D¤l¥ô·NÅX¨Ï¡A²×©ó¨«¦V·À¤`¤§³~¡C
¨Èzªº¸o´c¡A¦M®`§O¤H¡A¨Ï§O¤H¨ü°d¡A¤]¥²¨Ï¥L¦Û¤v¦Û¹¨äªG¡C¤é«á¥L©Ò¨üªº²Û°d¹ê¦b«Ü¤j¡A¥L¥²²_¬°±@§²¨º¼Ë¤U½â¡C
1 John Calvin, Commentaries on the
Twelve Minor Prophets, Breiteneicher, Ninive und Nahum, 1861.
2 Maurer, Commentarius
grammaticus historicus criticus in prophetas minores, 1840.
3 Rabbi David Kimchiªº·N¨£¡A°Ñ¾\J.M.P.
Smith, Nahum, 336.
4 J. Harle*ry, Recherches bibligues, xiii, Le Lavre de Nahum (1904).
¡]¤C¡^¦C°ê¤£¾¦¡]¤T5-7¡^
¡u¸Ux¤§C©MµØ»¡¡A§Ú»P§A¬°¼Ä¡A§Ú¥²´¦°_§Aªº¦çÃÌ¡A»X¦b§AÁy¤W¡A¨Ï¦C°ê¬Ý¨£§Aªº¨ªÅé¡A¨Ï¦C¨¹Æ[¬Ý§AªºÁ஡C¡v¡]5¸`¡^
¥ýª¾ªº»y®ð»P²Ä¤G³¹¤Q¤T¸`º¥y¬Û¦P¡A¥HC©MµØªº«Å§i¡A¯«»P¨Èz¬°¼Ä¡AÍ¢¥²¬I¥H³øÀ³¡C
¥»¸`¤´Ä~Äò¥H§²¤k¬°Áô³ë¡A¤©¥H²Û°d¡C´¦°_¦çÃÌ»X¦bÁy¤W¡A¬O«Á²]ªÌ©Ò¨üªº¦D»@¡]C¤Q¤T22¡B26¡Fµ²¤Q¤»36¤Î¥H¤U¡F¦ó¤G3¡B9¡^¡C¾Ú»¡³o¤]¬O¨Èz¹ï«Ý°ü¤k¾Ô«Rªº¤èªk¡C5¦çÃÌ«üªø³Tªº¤UÂ\¡]°Ñ¾\¥X¤Ü¤K33¡B34¡FÁɤ»1¡^¡C
¡u¨Ï¦C°ê¬Ý¨£§Aªº¨ªÅé¡v¡A¯«n¦b¦C°ê±«e¡A¼ÉÅS¨ÈzªºÁàºA¡A¦]¬°¥L̪º¸o¦æ¡A²Û°d§O¤H¡A¦Û¤v¥²»X²Û¡C³o¬O¤½¸qªº³øÀ³¡C
¡u§Ú¥²±N¥i¼¨¦Ã©¤§ª«©ß¦b§A¨¤W¡A°d¨S§A¡A¬°²³¥Ø©ÒÆ[¡C¡v¡]6¸`¡^
¡u¥i¼¨¦Ã©¤§ª«¡v¦³¤TºØ¥i¯àªº¸ÑÄÀ¡C³o¬O«üÁT¤g¥á¦bµó¤Wªº¡A¬°¦Ã©¤§ª«¡C³o¤]¥i«ü¾Ô¨Æ¤¤ªº«ÍÅé¡A³Q±ó¦bµóÀY¡A¤]¬°¤H̱»»óªº¡C³o§ó¦³¥i¯à¬O°¸¹³¤§ª«¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦³¤H·NĶ¬°¡u§Ú¥²±N§A¸®®I¦b°¸¹³¤§¤U¡v¡A¥i¯à»Pì·N¥X¤J¤Ó¤j¡C6¦ý¬O«ü°¸¹³¡A¥i¯à«Ü¤j¡A¦]¬°°¸¹³µL¥Î¡A¥u¦¨¬°¥i¼¨¦Ã©¤§ª«¡C³o±N¦¨¬°¤½¶}ªº²Û°d¡A²³¥Ø¬L¬L¡A¨Ï§O°ê³£¨üĵ§Ù¡A¦]¬°³o¬O«H©^°¸¹³ªºµ²§½¡C
¡u¤Z¬Ý¨£§Aªº¡A³£¥²°k¶]Â÷¶}§A¡A»¡¥§¥§·L¯î²D¤F¡C¦³½Ö¬°§A´d¶Ë©O¡H§Ú¦ó³B´M±o¦w¼¢§Aªº¤H©O¡C¡v¡]7¸`¡^
³o¬O¥§¥§·L«°³´¸¨¤§«á¡A¤H̸g¹L³o«°¡A¤w¬Ý¨£¨ººØ±Ñ¸¨¯î¼o¤§¦a¡C¦bÅå©È¤¤¡A¤]·P¨ì¤£²»¡A©Ò¥H´N«æ³t¦a°kÂ÷¡A¤£Ä@¦b³o©G¶A¤§¦a³r¯d¡C
¥§¥§·L¯î²D¤F¡A¥L¸ÛµM¦¨¬°¤@°ï¼o¼V¡A¦³½Ö·|¬°¥L¾Ì¦Q©O¡H§O¤H¥u¥H¼¨´cªººA«×¨Ó¬Ý³o¯î²Dªº«°¡A·Q¨ì³o«°¥H©¹ªººaµØ¡A§¹¥þ«Ø¿v¦b¸o´c¤W¡C¦h¤Ö¥ÍÆF¶î¬´¨ü®`¡A´_¤³ªº¤ß§ó¥[¦y¾U¡A«D¦ý¤£·|±H¥H¦P±¡¡A¤Ï¦Ó»{¬°¦Û§@¦Û¨ü¡A¸o¦³À³±o¡A¬°¤³ªÌ§Ö¡C¦ý¦³½Ö·|¬°¥L´d¶Ë¡C©Ò¥H³o¬O¤@Ó×Ã㪺°ÝÃD¡A¤£»Ýn¦^µª¡A©Î¥H§_©wªºµªÂШӪí¥Ü¡C
¤S¦³¤@Ó×Ã㪺°ÝÃD¡G¡u§Ú¦ó³B´M±o¦w¼¢§Aªº¤H¡H¡v¥ô¦ó¦a¤è³£´M¤£¨£¡C³o¬O«ü³à§¤¤¥i¥H¶±¥Î¤H¨ÓÁ|«s¡C¦ý¬O¤H̬ݨ쥧¥§·Lªº±¡´º¡A³£«æ³t¦a°k¶]Â÷¶}¡A½Ö¤]¤£Ä@³r¯d¡A³s¥i¶±¥ÎÁ|«sªº¤H³£§ä¤£µÛ¡C³o¬O¦h»ò±~ºGªº±¡§Î¡A¦ý¬O¸oªº«áªG´N¬O³o¼Ë¡C¥§¥§·L´¿¬Ý¨£³\¦h«°¥«¦b¥LÊú¼É¦æ¤U³´¸¨¡A¥L«o©¯¨a¼Öº×¡A·m±°¤@¤Áªº°]ª«¡A§¹¥þ¨S¦³¤@ÂI¦P±¡¤ß¡A²{¦b¥L¦Û¤v¤]¾D¹J¦P¼Ëªº©R¹B¡C
5 Birch and Pinches, The Bronze
Ornaments of the Palace Gaves from Balawat, C2 and 3, J6.
6 Paul Kleinert, Commentaries
on Micah, Nahum and Zephaniah (in Lange's Bibelwerk 1868).
¡]¤K¡^«e¨®¥iŲ¡]¤T8-10¡^
¡u§A°Z¤ñ®¿¨È̱j©O¡H®¿¨Ȩ̀¤¸¨¦b²³ªe¤§¶¡¡A©P³ò¦³¤ô¡A®ü§@¥LªºÀÚ·¾¡A¤S§@¥Lªº«°Àð¡C¡v¡]8¸`¡^
®¿¨È̬O¤j«°¡A¦³·¥°í©TªºÀçÂS¡A¥H«á²×©ó±Ñ¤`³´¸¨¡A¥§¥§·L¤ñ¥L§ó±j¶Ü¡H¤]¤@©wµLªk°kÁפ̹B¡C
¡u®¿¨ÈÌ¡vª½Ä¶¬°¡u¨ÈÌ¡v¤§®¿¡A¨È̬O®¿«°ªº¯«©ú¡A³o¬OÁ{®üªº«°¡A¶ZÂ÷®¿¥±¡]Memphis¡^¤§«n¥|¦Ê¥|¤Qù¡A¬°®J¤Îªº¦W«°¡A¥_ºÝ¥u¬Û¶Z¤@¥|¡³ù¡A¦b²Ä¤Q¤E´Â¥N¡]1580-1205B.C.¡^¡A®¿¥±´¿¬°º³£¡C®¿«°Â÷¦¹¤£»·¡A¥i¯à¬O¤@Ó«Âí¡CC§Q¦Ì®Ñ²Ä¥|¤Q¤»³¹¤G¤Q¤¸`®¿ªº¨È±¿¡A¥H¦èµ²®Ñ²Ä¤T¤Q³¹¤Q¥|¦Ü¤Q¤»¸`¤]¯S§O´£°_®¿¥±¤Î®¿¡A¥i¨£®¿«°ªº«n©Ê¡C¤j¦h¼Æ¸g¾Ç®a³£»{¬°®¿«°§Y©³¤ñ´µ¡]Thebes¡^¡A¦b¥§Ã¹ªeªºªF©¤¡A¹ï©¤¦³¼q¦t¤Î¼X¦a¡A¬O¾ú¥vªº¦WÂÝ¡C
¤ô¬O¥¦¤ÑµMªº«O»Ù¡A¦b¨¾¦u¤W¤@©w¤Q¤À¾d©T¡A¨ä¤¤ªº©~¥Á¤@©w¤]¾ÌÂdzo¼Ëªº«O»Ù¡C¨ä¹ê¨º«°«o¬O¤£³ô¤@À»¡A¥H«áÁÙ¬O«Ü§Ö´ó¨S¦b¾ú¥vªº¼o¼V¤§¤¤¡C
¡u¥j¹ê©M®J¤Î¡A¬O¥LµL½aªº¤O¶q¡C¥±¤H©M¸ô¤ñ±Ú¬O¥LªºÀ°¤â¡C¡v¡]9¸`¡^
®Ú¾Ú¾ú¥vªº¦Ò¾Ú¡A¥j¹ê´¿¤@«×²Îªv®J¤Î¡A³o¬O¦b²Ä¤G¤Q¤´Â¥N¡]712-663B.C.¡^¡A¨º®É®¿«°¬Oº³£¡C©Ò¥H¥j¹ê»P®J¤Î¬Û´£¨Ã½×¡C
¥±¤H©M¸ô¤ñ±Ú³£´¿¥X²{¦b³Ð¥@°O²Ä¤Q³¹¡C¥±¬O§tªº²Ä¤T¤l¡]¤Q6¡^¡C¥LÌ´¿¦b±Àù¡]µ²¤Ü¤C10¡^¡A¤S»P®J¤Î¦³Ãö¡]µ²¤T¤Q5¡FC¥|¤Q¤»9¡^¡C¦b¥H¦èµ²®Ñ²Ä¤T¤Q¤K³¹¤¸`¥±¤H»Pºq²¦³Ãö¡A¦b¥HÁɨȮѲĤ»¤Q¤»³¹¤Q¤E¸`¡A¥±¤HºÙ¬°µ½°Ç¡]Pul»PPut¬Û¦ü¡^¡A¥B»P¸ô¼w¡B¥L¬I¦³Ãö¡C¦b¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¤¤¡A¥±¬°§f©¼¨È¡C¸ô¤ñ±Ú¥i¯à»P³Ð¥@°O²Ä¤Q³¹¤Q¤T¸`ªº§Q«¢¤ñ¡]Lehabim¡^¬O¦P¸q¦r¡C
¥LÌ«ç»ò¯à¦¨¬°®J¤ÎªºÀ°¤â©O¡H¥i¯à¬O¶T©ö¤Wªº¥æ©¹¡A¨Ï®J¤Îªº°]´I¼W¦h¡C¦ý¬O°]´I¼W¦h¡A°ê¨¾¼W±j¡A¤´µLªkÁקK¾ú¥vªº¯E§T¡C
¡u¥ô¥L³Q¾E²¾¡A³Q¾Û¥h¡C¥LªºÀ¦«Ä¦b¦U¥«¤f¤W¤]³QºL¦º¡A¤H¬°¥Lªº´L¶Q¤H©àþÍ¡C¥L©Ò¦³ªº¤j¤H¡A³£³QÁå¤lÂêú¦¡C¡v¡]10¸`¡^
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¨º¨Ç´L¶Q¤H¬O¶Q«`¡A¦ý²{¦b²_¬°¥£Áõ¡C¤HÌ¥H©àùĪº¤èªk§â¥LÌ·í§@ª«¥ó¤@¼Ë¤À¶}¡A¦û¬°¤v¦³¡]°Ñ¾\Ò¤T3¥H¤Î«X11¡^¡C¨º¨Ç¤H¡A©Ò¿×¡u¤j¤H¡v¤]¬O«ü¦³¦a¦ì¦³Åv¶Õªº¤H¡A¦¨¬°¾Ô«R¡A³QÁå¤lÂêú¦©ì¨«¡C
¡]¤E¡^¤Ì¹BÀW¤´¡]¤T11-13¡^
¡u§A¤]¥²³Ü¾K¡A¥²³Q®IÂáA¨Ã¦]¤³¼Äªº½t¬G´M¨DÁ×Ãø©Ò¡C¡v¡]11¸`¡^
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¥L¦]°kÁ׼ĤH¡An´M¨DÁ×Ãø©Ò¡C¥LÌ¥H«e±M°l»°§O¤H¡A¦n¦ü²r·à°l³v§Oªº¤p°Êª«¤@¯ë¡C²{¦b¥L̳Q¤H°l³v¡A¦¨¬°Åå¤}¤§³¾¡A¨ì³B°k¹P¡A³]ªkÁ×Ãø¡A«o§ä¤£¨ìÁ×Ãø¤§³B¡A¸g±`³B¦bÅ宣¤§¤¤¡C
¡u§A¤@¤Á«O»Ù¡A¥²¹³µLªáªG¾ð¤Wªì¼ôªºµLªáªG¡CY¤@·n¾Ù¡A´N¸¨¦b·Q³ð¤§¤Hªº¤f¤¤¡C¡v¡]12¸`¡^
³oùتº«O»Ù¡A¥²¬°¨¾¦u¤§n¤f¡A¬°ªý¾×¼Äx¶i§ðªº¡A¥i¯à¤£¬O«ü«°ªù¡C¦ý¬O³o¥u¹³ªì¼ôªºµLªáªG¡A¦¨¼ô¤§«áµLªk¤[¯d¦b¾ð¤W¡C©Ò¥Hµy¸g·n¾Ù¡A´N·|±¼¸¨¤U¨Ó¡]°Ñ¾\À±¤C1¡FÁɤܤK4¡FC¤Ü¥|2¡^¡C³o«O»Ù¤]¸g¤£°_·n¾Ù¡B¾_°Ê¡A³£·|¯É¯É¦pªG¹ê¸¨¤U¡A¨Ñ¤H§]³ð¡C
¡u§A¦a¤Wªº¤H¥Á¡A¦p¦P°ü¤k¡A§A°ê¤¤ªºÃö¤f¡A¦V¤³¼Ä´¯¶}¡A§Aªºªù¬¡A³Q¤õµI¿N¡C¡v¡]13¸`¡^
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«°ªù³QµI¡A¿Nú¦ªù¬¡A«°ªù¥²µLªk¦AÃöºò¡A¤£¦ý«°ªù¡A³sÃö¤f¡A©Î³Ì«n¨¾½uªº¤J¤f¡AÁÙ¤£¯àºò±K¦aÃö¦í¡C©ó¬O¤³¼Ä¬Ý¨£³o¨Ç±Í¶}ªº¤f¤l¡A¥²¤Q¤ÀÅå³ß¡A¦]¬°¤£P¦Û¯}¡A¨Ï¥L̤£³Ò¦ÓÀò¡AÁ|¤â¥i¨ú¡A¹ê¦b¤Ó»´©ö¤F¡C
¥L̪º±Ñ¤`¡AÅã¥Ü¯«¤½¸qªº¯à¤O¡A¨Ï¥Ļ¹¥þ¥¢¥h«i®ð¡A¥¢¥h¤O¶q¡A¨S¦³«O»Ù¡A¨S¦³Á׳B¡A®É¾÷¤w¸g¦¨¼ô¡A¦n¦ü¼f§P¤w¸g¦p¼Ä¤H¨Ó¨ì¡A±Í¶}ªº¤J¤f¡A¼Ä¤H¥i¥HªøÅXª½¤J¡C
7 O. Happel, Das Buch der Propheton
Nahum (1902), A. von Hoonacker, Les douze petits prophe&te (1908).
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¡u§An¥´¤ô¿Ý³Æ¨ü§x¡An°í©T§Aªº«O»Ù¡A¿å¤g©Mªd¡A׸ɿjû@¡C¡v¡]14¸`¡^
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¡]¤@¡^«°¤ºªº³]¸m²@µL¥\®Ä¡A¥Î¤ô¨ÑÀ³¥R¨¬¡Aµ²ªG¤]¬\ºÜ¡C¿jªd׫ؤ]¤£¯à¨Ï«O»Ù¦z¥ß¡C
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¡]¤T¡^¶°¦Xªº¤O¶q²×Âk®{µM¡C°Ó¤Hªº°]´I¥¢¥h¡A§L¤hªº¤O¶q¯ÓºÉ¡Aº»âªºp¿Ñ§¹¥þ¥¢®Ä¡C
¤@¤Á³£¥¢¸¨¤F¡A¬Æ¦Ü³£¤£ª¾¥¢¸¨¦b¨ºùØ¡]°Ñ¾\¸Ö¤@¡³¤T10¡FÁɤQ¤C14¡F§B¤C10¥H¤Î±Ò¤Q¤K21¡^¡C
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8 Smith, Nahum, 349.
9 Rash¡A¬°Rabbi
David Kimchi¤Þ¥Î¡C¥i°Ñ¾\E.
11 Knabenbauer, Commentary in propheta*s minores (1886) J. Hole*ry, Recherches bibliques, vol, xiii, Le Livre de Nahum; C.F.
Kent, The Sermons, Epistles and Apocalyses of
12 B. Duhm, Die Zwo/lf Propheten in den Versmassen der Urschrift u/bersetzt (1910).
13 Paul Haupt, "Notes on the Book of
Nahum," JBL, xxvi (1907) 1-53.
14 Smith, Nahum, 351.
15 ¨Èz¦r·½dupsa%rru, tupsarru°Ñ¾\Smith, Nahum, 351-352.
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¢w¢w ð¦ö¤§¡m¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¢w¢w¨ºÂE®Ñ¡n