ªð¦^­º­¶ | ªð¦^¥»®Ñ¥Ø¿ý |

 

À±­{®Ñ²Ä¤C³¹

 

¡]¥|¡^¥¢±æ»P´dÆ[¡]¤C1-7¡^

¥ýª¾¬°µS¤j«°¨¶ªº¸o´c¥¢±æ»P«sºE¡C¥L¬Ý¨£¤£¸qªº¨Æ¥R¥¸¡A¦D»@ªº¨Æ¤wµL¥i°kÁפF¡C¬°¥Á±Úªº«e³~¥Rº¡´dÆ[¡C³o¬O¥H«sºqªº§Î¦¡¡A¬Æ¹³¸Ö½g¤¤ªº³\¦h«sºq¡]¸Ö½g¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤T¤À¤§¤@À³ÄÝ©ó³oºØ¤åÅé¡^¡C«sºq³q±`¦³¨âºØ¡A¤@ºØ¬O­Ó¤H«sºq¡A¥t¤@ºØ¬°¹ÎÅé«sºq¡C¥»¬q¸g¤å¬Oºâ¬°¹ÎÅé©Êªº¡A¥Î©ó§«ôªº»ö¦¡¡AµS¦p¸Ö½g²Ä¤­¡B¤Q¤T¡B¤Ü¤G¡B¤Ê¤@¡B¤­¤Q¤­¤Î¤C¤Q¤@½g¡C¥ýª¾ÅãµM¦³·¥­«ªº­t¾á¡A¬°°ê®a§@¦u±æªÌ¡C¥L­n§@­C©MµØ»P¥H¦â¦C¤§¶¡ªº¤¤«O¥N¨DªÌ¡A¬°¥Á±Ú¦V¯«¬èë¡A¨D¯«¦A¬I¼¦¼§¡C¥L¤]¥Nªí¯«¡A¦V¥H¦â¦C©IÆ~¡A§Æ±æ¥L­Ì¯à±q¸o´c¤¤Âà¦^¡A©ÎªÌ¥i¥H°k²æ¦D»@¡C©Ò¥H¥L«Ü¥i¯à¬O¦b­C¸ô¼»§N¸t·µ¶Ç»¼³o«H®§¡C

¥»¬q«sºq¬O±qÀq·Q¶}©l¡A¬°ªÀ·|¹D¼w§C¸¨¤ÎÀZ¶Õªí¥Ü´d«s¡]1-4¸`¤W¡^¡C¥ýª¾¦b¯«­±«e¥¢±æªº±¡Ãh¡A»{¬°³o¼Ëªº±¡¶Õ¤£¯à§ïÅÜ¡]4¸`¤U¡^¡CµM«á¥LÂà¦VÅ¥²³¡Aªí¥Ü´dÆ[ªº·Qªk¡]5¡B6¸`¡^¡C«sºqªºµ²ªF¡A¬O¦V¯«¦³­Ó¤Hªº«H¤ß¡A§@ªÖ©wªº¨M·N¡C³o­ººq¬J¦V¯«¡A¤S¦V¤H¡]¦p¸Ö¤Ê¤@19-24¡^¡A­«½ÆªíÅS«sºE¡]¸Ö¤Ê¤­7¡B11-16¡B20°_¡A¤@¡³¤G3-11¡B23°_¡^¡A¦Aªí¹F«H¤ß¡]¸Ö¤Ê¤@3-5¡B14°_¡^¡C¸Ö½g²Ä¤­¤Q¤­½g¥i¿×³Ì¨å«¬ªº¨ÒÃÒ¡C

¥»¬q¸¨¦@¤Q¤T¦æ¡A¬ù²¤¥i¤À¬°¨â³¡¤À¡A¨C³¡³£¥H´d«sªº´y­z¡A¥H«H¤ßªºªÖ©w§@µ²¡]1-4¡B5-7¸`¡^¡C

¡u«s«v¡A§Ú¦n¹³®L¤ÑªºªG¤l¤w³Q¦¬ºÉ¡A¤S¹³ºK¤F¸²µå©Ò³Ñ¤Uªº¡A¨S¦³¤@¬E¥i³ðªº¡A§Ú¤ßÛC¼}ªì¼ôªºµLªáªG¡C¡v¡]1¸`¡^

¡u«s«v¡v¬O­Ó¤H­W·¡ªº©D§u¡C³oùØ´y¼g¤H¤Á·Q¤ôªG¡A¦ý¨ìªG¶é®É¤w¸g¤Ó¿ð¤F¡A¾ð¤W¤w¥ú¨r±o«Ü¡A®Ú¥»¨S¦³ªG¤l¥iºK¡C¥L¥u¦³¦b¥¢±æ¤¤¨«¶}¡A¬JµL¸²µå¡A¤]¨S¦³µLªáªG¡C³o¤]¨Ï¤HÁp·Q¥HÁɨȮѲĤ­³¹¤C¸`¸²µå¶é¤§ºq¡A¯««ü±æ¦³¦n¸²µå¡A«o¥u¦³³¥¸²µå¡C¡u¸U­x¤§­C©MµØªº¸²µå¶é¡A´N¬O¥H¦â¦C®a¡K¡K¥L«ü±æªº¬O¤½¥­¡A½Öª¾­Ë¦³¼É­h¡F«ü±æªº¬O¤½¸q¡A½Öª¾­Ë¦³­ÞÁn¡C¡v¥i¨£À±­{¦b¦¹³B¡A¦ü¬°­C©MµØµo¨¥¡Cªü¼¯¥q¡]¤»12¡^»P«Où¡]µÌ¤@11¡^³£ºÙ¬°¡u¤½¸qªºªG¤l¡v¡C¥D­C¿q½×¸²µå¾ðªº¤ñ³ë¡]¬ù¤Q¤­1-8¡^¡A¥H¤Î«Où©Ò½×¸tÆFªºªG¤l¡]¥[¤­22°_¡^¡C¯«¤@ª½´Á±æÍ¢ªº¤l¥Á¦³¹D¼wªº¦æ¬°¡A»P«H¤ß°t¦X¡C¥D­C¿q±q§B¤j¥§¨ì­C¸ô¼»§N¡A¦b¨º³Ì«á¤@¶gªº¦æµ{¤¤¡A±qµLªáªG¾ð¤W§ä¤£¨ìªG¤l¡A¥i¯à¨ÏÍ¢Áp·Q¥»³Bªº¸g¤å¡CÀ±­{·í®É¤]¨üú¦²³¤Hªº©Úµ´»P¤Ï¹ï¡C³o¬O¥D­C¿q¨ü¤H±óµ´®Éªº·P¨ü¡A¤]¬O¦³´d¹Äªº¤f®ð¡C

´d¹Äªº¬O¥ýª¾¡A¤]¥Nªí¯«¡C³oùØ¥i»¡¬O¿ü¦w¡C¿ü¦w²{¦b¦¨¬°¥ú¨rªºªG¾ð¡A¯î²DªºªG¶é¡A¦AµL¨Î¬üªºªG¤l¤F¡C

µLªáªG¬O¦bªì®L¡A³Ìªì¼ôªºÀ³¸Ó¬O¦b¥|¤ë¡A¦Ó¸²µå¦¨¼ô«o¦b¤E¤ë¡C²{¦b³s¸²µå³£¦¬¤£¨ì¡A¤S«ç¥i¬ß«ÝµLªáªG©O¡H°Z¤£µ¥¨ì©ú¦~¶Ü¡H³oùؤQ¨¬¤Ï¬M¥¢±æªº¤ß±¡¡C

¡u¦a¤W°@¸Û¤H·ÀºÉ¡A¥@¶¡¨S¦³¥¿ª½¤H¡A¦U¤H®I¥ñ­n±þ¤H¬y¦å¡A³£¥ÎºôùÂy¨ú§Ì¥S¡C¡v¡]2¸`¡^

¤W¤@¸`¥H¤ñ³ëªº¤è¦¡¡A¥»¸`«h¥H²Ó¸`»¡©ú¡C¦b¥H¦â¦C³o´Ê¾ð¤W¨S¦³ªG¤l¡A¬O«ü¥L­Ì¨S¦³°@¸Û¡A¦Ó¥¢¥h¹D¼w»PªÀ·|ªºÃöÃh¡C³oºØ­«½Æ²Ä¤»³¹¤K¸`ªº²[¸q¡A¤×¨ä¬O¡u¼¦¼§¡v¤@µü¡A­ì¥iĶ¬°¡u°@¸Û¡v©Î¡u©¾«H¡v¡A³o¬O¹ï¯«»P¹ï¤Hªº³d¥ô¡A¬O­Ó¤HÂù­«ªº¥»¤À¡C©Ò¥H³oùØ°@¸Û¤H¤]«ü«H¤ß»P¦æ¬°¨Ã­«ªº¤H¡A¥i±¤³o¼Ëªº¤H¤w¸g·ÀºÉ¡A§ä¤£ú¦¤F¡C¦ó¦èªü®Ñ²Ä¥|³¹¤@¡B¤G¸`»¡¡G¡u³o¦a¤WµL¸Û¹ê¡AµL¨}µ½¡K¡K¡v¡A¤]¬O«ü³o¨Ç¤H¡C

¥¿ª½¤H¤]¨S¦³¡C¥¿ª½¬O«ü¹ï«Ý¾FªÙªººA«×¡A­n¦³¹D¼wªº¼Ð·Ç¡A¤½¥¿ªº¦æ¬°¡A¦ý¬O³o¼Ëªº¤H§ä¤£ú¦¡A¬Ý¸Ö½g²Ä¤Q½g¤K¸`¡G¡u¥L¦bÁô±K³B±þ®`µL¶dªº¤H¡A¥Lªº²´·ú¿s±´µL­ÊµL¾aªº¤H¡K¡K¥L©Ôºô¡A´N§â§x­W¤H¾Û¥h¡C¡v³o¥¿¦pÀ±­{®Ñ©Ò´y­zªº¡A³g¹Ï¥Ð¦a¡A¦û¾Û©ÎÅQ¦û¡]¤G2¡^¡A©}ªP¥¿ª½¡A¸ì¸ïµê°²¡]¤T9-11¡^¡A¥Rº¡ú¦¯Éª§»P¤³«ë¡A®Ú¥»¨S¦³¤Íµ½¥i¨¥¡A¦ý³oùجƦܬO¹ï«Ý¡u§Ì¥S¡v¡C§Ì¥S­ì¬O¸t¬ù¹ÎÅ骺¤À¤l¡A¤j®a¦b¸t¬ùªº½d³ò¤º¡AÀ³©¼¦¹¬ÝÅUÀ°§U¡A¬O¤¬¬Ûªº³d¥ô¡C¦ý¬O¨S¦³¥¿ª½»P¨}µ½¡C

¡u¥L­ÌÂù¤â§@´c¡A§g¤ý«à±¡­±¡A¼f§P©x­n¸ì¸ï¡A¦ì¤À¤jªº¦R¥X´c¨¥¡A³£©¼¦¹µ²Áp¦æ´c¡C¡v¡]3¸`¡^

¨º¨Ç©xªø»â³S¦æ´c¬OÂù¤âªº¡Aªí©ú¥L¤£¿ò¾l¤O¡A¬OºÜºÉ©Ò¯à¡C¡uÂù¤â¡v¤]¥i¯à«ü¥L­Ì¦b´c¨Æ¬O°V½m¦³¯À¡A·íµMÂù¤â­ì¬O°V½m¹Lªº¡A¦³§Þ¯à¡A¦ý¥L­Ì»~¥Î§Þ³N»P¤~·F¨Ó¦æ´c¡A¥Ç¸oªº¤èªk¥©§®»P¹ý©³¡C

§g¤ý­ì¬°¦æ¬F­ºªø¡A¥D«ù¤½¥¿ªkªv»PºûÅ@ªÀ·|¯´§Ç¡C¦ý¬O¥L­Ì¥u­n¿ú°]¡A©}ªP¥¿ª½¡C¥HÁɨȦ³Ãþ¦üªº³d³Æ¡G¡u§Aªº©xªø©~¤ß®¯°f¡A»Pµs¸é§@¦ñ¡A¦U³£³ß¨ü¸ì¸ï¡A°l¨DÅB¨p¡v¡]¤@23¡^¡C³o¨Ç¥qªk¦æ¬F©xªø´`¨p¦¬¸ì¡A¥HÅv¤O§@¬°­Ó¤HÀò§Qªº¤u¨ã¡C©Ò¿×¦ì¤À¤jªº¡A¦a¦ì§ó°ªªº¤H§ó¥ô·N¬n¦±¨Æ¹ê¡A±±¨î®É¶¡¡A¦aÂI¡A¤Hª«¡A¨Ó¹F¦¨¥LÅv¤O©Ò¤Îªº¡A¬°«Oú¦°]§Q¡Aº¡¨¬¤@¤vªº¨É¨ü¡C

¥L­Ì©¼¦¹µ²Áp¦æ´c¡A¡uµ²Áp¡v¥i¦³¨â­Ó¤£¦Pªº¸ÑÄÀ¡C¤@ºØ¬O¥L­Ì¦n¦üºô¤@¼Ë½s´°_¨Ó¡A¦³¤@ºØ¦n¹³³sµ¸ºô¡A¤j®a¯T¯V¬°¦l¡A«e©I«áÀ³¡A©x©x¬ÛÅ@¡A¤@¦P¥Ç¸o¡AºÉ´ÛÄF´ÛÀ£ªº¯à¨Æ¡C¥t¤@ºØ¸ÑÄÀ¬°¡u¬n¦±¡v¡A¤j®aÁp¦X°_¨Ó¡A¤@¦P¬n¦±¨Æ¹ê¡A¥i¥ô·N©w¸o¡A¤£ÅU¤½¥¿¡C

¡u¥L­Ì³Ì¦nªº¡A¤£¹L¬Oã°òÔ¡A³Ì¥¿ª½ªº¡A¤£¹L¬O¯ð´ÆÆX¯¹¡C¡v¡]4¸`¤W¡^

³Ì¦nªº¬O«ü¨}µ½ªº¡A¥L­ÌÀ³¸Ó¼Ö©ó§U¤H¡A«Ø¥ß¤¯·R¡C¥¿ª½ªº¡A­ì«ü¤¤¥¿¤£ªü¡A²nª½©Z²v¡A¥ú©ú½U¸¨¡A¹ï«Ý¤H¤]¬O¦Ü¸ÛÀµ¤Á¡A¦ý¬O³Ì¦nªº¡A¤]¤£¹L¬Oã°òÔ¡Cã°òÔ¥u¬O±a¨ëªºÂø¯ó¡A¨â­±³£¦³¾W§Qªº¦y¨ë¡A¥u·|¶Ë®`¡A¤£¨ü¤HÅwªï¡A¥u¦³¥á±ó¡A©Î¥µ¦b¤õ¤¤µI¿N¡]°Ñ¾\ÁɤE18¡A¤Q17¡^¡C

³Ì¥¿ª½ªº¡A¤]¤£¹L¬O¯ð´ÆÆX¯¹¡C¡u¯ð´Æ¡v»P¡uã°òÔ¡v¥i¿×¦P¸q¦r¡A¦ý¡u¯ð´Æ¡v¬O¦b­ì¤å¤¤¨S¦³ªº¡AÆX¯¹ªº§@¥Î¬O«OÅ@¡A²{¦b¥u¦¨¬°¤@ºØ»Ùê¡C½e¨¥¤Q¤­³¹¤Q¤E¸`»¡¡G¡uÃi´k¤Hªº¹D¡A¹³¯ð´ÆªºÆX¯¹¡C¡v

ã°òÔ»P¯ð´Æ¡A¬OµI¿N«Ü§Öªº¿U®Æ¡C´c¤H¤]À³³t³t¦a·À¤`¡A¤£¥i¦s¯d¡C´c¤H­Y¤£·Àµ´¡A¨}µ½¦b¦a¤W´N¨Sªk¦s¦b¡C©Ò¥H¸Ö½g²Ä¤­¤Q¤­½g¤Ü¤T¸`»¡¡G¡u¯«ªü¡A§A¥²¨Ï´c¤H¤U¤J·À¤`ªº§|¡K¡K¡C¡v¡]°Ñ¾\¸Ö¤Ü¤G11¡A¤Ü¤­20°_¡A¤@¥|¤G5¡^

¡u§A¦u±æªÌ»¡¡A­°»@ªº¤é¤l¤w¸g¨Ó¨ì¡A¥L­Ì¥²ÂZ¶Ã¤£¦w¡C¡v¡]4¸`¤U¡^

¥ýª¾¬O¦u±æªÌ¡A¦b´d«s¤¤¡AÅã¥X§Æ±æªº¤ßÁn¡AªÖ©w¥D­°»@ªº¤é¤l­n¨Ó¨ì¡C¡u¤w¸g¡v¬O§¹¦¨ªº®É¦¡¡A¥i¿×¡u¿Ý¨¥§¹¦¨¦¡¡v(Prophetic Perfect)¡A¿Ý¨¥ªº¨Æ¬O¨º»ò½T©w¡AÁö¤w¦¨´N¡A¥²±NÀ³Åç¡C­°»@ªº¤é¤l¬O­C©MµØªº¤é¤l¡C¥ýª¾¬O¦u±æªÌ¡A¥²¶·«Å§i¦MÀIªº¨Ó¨ì¡C¦ý¬O½Ö³£¤£³ßÅwÅ¥¨£Äµ§iªºÁn­µ¡C²³¥ýª¾¤£¦íµo¥X¦MÀIªº«H¸¹¡]¼¯¤G12¡F¦ó¤E7¡B8¡^¡C¤H­Ì¹ê¦b¤Ó·MÄø¤F¡A¡u¥L­Ì¹ï¥ý¨£»¡¡A¤£­n±æ¨£¤£¦N§Qªº¨Æ¡C¹ï¥ýª¾»¡¡A¤£­n¦V§Ú­ÌÁ¿¥¿ª½ªº¸Ü¡K¡K¡C¡v¡]ÁɤT¤Q10¡^

·í­C©MµØªº¤é¤l¨ÓÁ{ªº®É­Ô¡A¥²¦³ÂZ¶Ã»P¤£¦w¡C¡u¥D¸U­x¤§­C©MµØ¨Ï²§¶H¦U¦³¼ì¶Ã¡B½î½ñ¡B·ÐÂZªº¤é¤l¡A«°³Q§ð¯}¡A«sÁn¹F¨ì¤s¶¡¡C¡v¡]ÁɤܤG5¡^

¡u¤£­n­Ê¿à¾FªÙ¡A¤£­n«H¾a±K¤Í¡C­n¦u¦í§Aªº¤f¡A¤£­n¦V§AÃh¤¤ªº©d´£»¡¡C¡v¡]5¸`¡^

¦bªÀ·|Ãö«Y¤¤¡A±q²¨¦Ü±K¡A¨Ì¦¸»¡©ú¡C¾FªÙ¬O²³¤H¡A¤Z¦b¥H¦â¦CªÀ·|¤§¤¤¡A¥L­Ì³£¬O¦P±Ú¤H¡A¯«ªº¿ï¥Á¡A¦b¸t¬ùªº½d³ò¤º¡A³£¬O¾FªÙ¡A³£¬OªB¤Í¡C±K¤Í¬O¿Ë±KªºªB¤Í¡A¥i¿×ª¾¤v¡A¥i¥H¤Q¤À±µªñ¡AÅ¥¨ú·N¨£¡A¶É¦R³Â·Ð¼~¼{ªº¨Æ¡C¤ñ±K¤Í§ó¿Ëªñªº¡A·í¬°Ãh¤¤ªº©d¤l¡CªB¤Í¥Ñ²¨¤Î¿Ë¡A¤]¥Ñ¿Ë¦Ü²¨¡C¦³·R§Ì¥Sªº¤H¡A¤~·|·R²³¤H¡A¦A¥Ñ¿Ë¤Î²¨¡A¥i¦³§¹¥þªºµ{§Ç¡C

³o¨Ç³£¬OÃö¤ß»P¦P±¡ªº¤H¡A·Ó»¡¦b¥L­Ì¨­¤WÀ³¦³§Æ±æ¥i¥H±H¦«¡A¦³¦w¥þ·P¡A«H±o¹L¥L­Ì¡A¥i±q¥L­Ì±oú¦¦w¼¢»P¹ªÀy¡C¦ý¬O¬Ý¨Ó²{¦b¨Ã¤£¥i¾a¡A¿Ë±Kªº¥¼¥²¥i¥H«H°U¡A¦]¬°¤H¤ß¤ÓÀI´c¤F¡A¥i¯à¬ªÅS¤£À³«Å´­ªº¡A¤]¥i¯à¥X½æ»P¥[®`¡C¤£¦ýªB¤Í¡A³s®a¤H¤]¬O¤@¼Ë¡C

¡u¦]¬°¨à¤lÂƵø¤÷¿Ë¡A¤k¨à§Ü©Ú¥À¿Ë¡A·@°ü§Ü©Ú±C±C¡A¤Hªº¤³¼Ä¡A´N¬O¦Û¤v®aùتº¤H¡C¡v¡]6¸`¡^

¥H¦â¦CªÀ·|ªº°ò¦¡A¦b©ó®a®x¡A®a®x¤]¨¬¥iºû«ùªÀ·|¦wÚ¬»P¦w©wªº¯´§Ç¡C¬°¨D®a®xªº¹Îµ²¡A²Ä¤­±ø»|©R¡G§µ·q¤÷¥À¬O­º­nªº¡C©Ò¥H¬°¨à¤kªº¡AµL½×¥®¤l©Î¦¨¦~¡A³£¹ï¤÷¥À¦³®¥·qªº¤ß¡C¬Æ¦Ü¤k¨àÁö¥X¶ù¡AÀ³ÀH¤Ò®a¡A¹ï¤½±C¤]¥²¶·´L·q¡C³oºØ­Û±`¤]³\¤£¬°¦è¤èªÀ·|­«µø¡A¦ýµØ®L¤å¤Æ¬J±R©|®a®x¨î«×¡A­«µø­Û±`¡A¥²¥i¥R¤À©ú¥Õ§Æ§B¨Óªº¤ßºA¡C¥»¸`©Ò»¡ªº¡A«o¬O§¹¥þ¥¢±`ªº²{¶H¡C¤Hªº¤³¼Ä³ºµM¬O¦Û¤v®aùتº¤H¡C

®a®xªº©M¬ü¬J«Ø¿v¦b¨}¦nªº­Û±`Ãö«Y¤W¡A®a®xªº¸ÑÅ饲¦]¨ä¤¤¦³«q°f»P¤£©M¡]°Ñ¾\¥X¤Ü¤@15¡B17¡F¥Ó¤Ü¤@18°_¡F§Q¤G¤Q9¡F½e¤G¤Q20¡^¡C¥D­C¿q¦b°¨¤ÓºÖ­µ²Ä¤Q³¹¤Ê¤­¸`°_¡A´£°_ªÀ·|®a®x¤Ï±`ªº²{¶H¡A¥i¯à¬O¤Þ¥Î¥»¸`¸g¤å¡A½×¥½¥@ªº±¡ªp¡]°Ñ¾\¥i¤Q¤T12¤Î¸ô¤Q¤G53¡^¡C

¡u¦Ü©ó§Ú¡A§Ú­n¥õ±æ­C©MµØ¡A­nµ¥­Ô¨º±Ï§Úªº¯«¡C§Úªº¯«¥²À³¤¹§Ú¡C¡v¡]7¸`¡^

³o¸`¦Û´dÆ[ªº¤f§k§ïÅܬ°¼ÖÆ[ªº»y®ð¡C³o¤]¬O«sºq±`¦³ªº§Î¦¡¡C¨Ò¦p¸Ö½g²Ä¤Ê¤@½g¤Q¥|¸`¡A¸Ö¤H±q¼Ä¤Hªº¯Ù­¢¤U¡Aµo¥X«H¤ßªº§o³Û¡G¡u­C©MµØªü¡A§Ú¤´Â­ʾa§A¡C§Ú»¡¡A§A¬O§Úªº¯«¡C¡v¸Ö½g²Ä¤­¤Q¤­½g¤Q¤»¸`¤]¦³Ãþ¦üªº¸Ü¡G¡u¦Ü©ó§Ú¡A§Ú­n¨D§i¯«¡A­C©MµØ¥²¬@±Ï§Ú¡v¡]¥i°Ñ¦Ò¸Ö¤­¡B¤Q¡B¤Q¤T¡B¤Q¤C¤Î¤Ü¤K½gµ¥¡^¡A³£¦³¬Û¦Pªº«H¤ß¡C

¥õ±æ»Pµ¥­Ô¡A¹ê»Ú¤W¬O«H¤ßªº²[¸q¡C¸Ö½g²Ä¤Ê¤K½g¤Q¤­¸`¡G¦³¡u¥õ±æ¡vªº¼Ë¡]°Ñ¾\¸Ö¥|¤Q¤T5¡^¡C³oùØÀ±­{¬O½×¥ýª¾ªº«H¤ß¡A´N¬Oµ¥­Ô¨Ã¥B¬ß«Ý¿Ý¨¥ªºÀ³Åç¡C¥HÁɨȮѲĤK³¹¤Q¤C¸`¤]¥Hµ¥­Ô»P¥õ±æ§@¬°¡u¬Û«H¡vªº¦P¸q¦r¡C¥ýª¾ªº«H¤ß´Á±æ¯«ªº¬@±Ï¡A¤]¦b«¢¤Ú¨¦®Ñ²Ä¤T³¹¤Q¤K¸`¥i¥H¨£¨ì¡C¸Ö½g²Ä¤Ü¤­½g¤­¸`¤Î¤Ü¤C½g¤E¸`³£´¿´£¤Î¡C­C©MµØ¬O±Ï§Úªº¯«¡A¯«¥²À³¤¹§Ú¡C

¡u§Úªº¯«¡v½T¬O·q«ôªÌ©Ò­Ê¾aªº¡A¯«»P¥L¦³¯S®íªºÃö«Y¡]ÁɤC13¡A¤£¥i¨Ï¯«¹½·Ð¡C¦ó¤E19¡A§Úªº¯«¥²±óµ´´c¤H¡A³o¤]¬O·q«ôªÌ©Ò²`¤ÁÅé·|ªº¡C¡^·q«ôªÌ¥²¶·»P¯««O«ù§¹¦nªºÃö«Y¡C¥ýª¾¦b¶Â·tªº¤é¤lùØ¡A©l²×­n°ªÁ|¯«¡A¦¨¬°¦³¤Oªº¨£ÃÒ¡C

 

¡]¤­¡^«H¤ßªº³Í±Û¡]¤C8-20¡^

³o¬O¥ýª¾¹ï±Ï®¦«e³~ªº®i±æ¡A§@¬°¥»®Ñªºµ²»y¡A½T¬O³Ì¾A·íªº³~®|¡A¥H«H¤ßªº½T¾Ú¡A±N«H®§±a¦ÜÄÝÆFªº°ª³B¡C³o¬O¥H¸Ö½gªº§Î¦¡¡A¥u¦³¤@­ÓÁn­µ¡C©Ò¥H¥²§@§«ôªº»ö¦¡¤§¥Î¡C1

¥þ¸Ö¦@¦³¥|³¡¤À¡C²Ä¤@³¡¬O«H¤ß¤§¸Ö¡A¬°¿ü¦w©Òµo¥X¡]8-10¸`¡F¥i°Ñ¾\¸Ö¤Ü¤C1-6»P¤»¤Q¤G90¡^¡C²Ä¤G³¡¬O±Ï®¦¤§¨¥¡A¦³¿ü¦wªº¬ß±æ¡A¨D¯«ªº¦LÃÒ¡C¯«¹ï¥Lªº¿ï¥Á¤§¦a¤g¡A¥²¦³¯«ªº¥Øªº¡]11-13¸`¡F¤]¥i°Ñ¾\¸Ö¤Q¤G¡B¤­¤Q¡B¤C¤Q¤­¡B¤K¤Q¤@¡B¤K¤Q¤G¤Î¤E¤Q¤­½g¡^¡C²Ä¤T³¡¬O¬è뤧Án¡]14-17¸`¡^¡A¦ü¬°¤Þ­z¸Ö½g²Ä¥|¤Q¥|¡B¤C¤Q¤C¤Î¤K¤Q½g¡A¨D¯«À³ÅçÍ¢ªºÀ³³\¡C³Ì«á¤´¥H«H¤ß¤§¸Ö§@µ²¡]18-20¸`¡^¡A¥ý¦³Æg¬ü¡A¦A¦³«sºqªº§Î¦¡¡]¥i°Ñ¾\¸Ö¤E¤Q½g¡^¡C¦b³o¥þ¸Öªº§Î¦¡¤¤¡A¦³¯S®íªº«sºq¡A±M¬°¹ÎÅé©Î·|²³ªº«sºq¡C

¥þ¸Ö¤À¬°´X­Ó­nÂI¡G(1)¤³¼Äªº±Ñ¤`¡]¤C8-10¡^¡F(2)¸t«°ªº´_¿³¡]11-13¸`¡^¡F(3)«H¤ßªº¬èë¡]14-20¸`¡^¡C

{\Section:TopicID=217}(1)¤³¼Äªº±Ñ¤`¡]8-10¸`¡^

­º¥ý¡A¦V¤³¼Ä¬D¾Ô¡A¤£®e¥L­Ì¸ØÄ£¡C­C©MµØªººÞ±Ð¥²±N¨ÓÁ{¡A¤³¼Ä¥²¶^­Ë¡A¤@Ãݤ£®¶¡C¥H¦â¦C²×±o¦Û¥Ñ¡A¤³¼Ä¥²¥Ã¨ü²Û°d¡C

¡u§Úªº¤³¼Äªü¡A¤£­n¦V§Ú¸ØÄ£¡C§ÚÁö¶^­Ë¡A«o­n°_¨Ó¡A§ÚÁö§¤¦b¶Â·tùØ¡A­C©MµØ«o§@§Úªº¥ú¡C¡v¡]8¸`¡^

¥ýª¾¦A¥H¿ü¦wªº¥ß³õ»¡¸Ü¡A¥H·q«ôªº¹ÎÅé¦V¤³¼Ä¬D¾Ô¡C¤³¼Ä¬O½Ö¡H³oùجO¶°Åé¦Wµü¡A¥²«ü¥H¦â¦C¤@¤Áªº¤³¼Ä¡]°Ñ¾\«X12°_¡F¸Ö¤Ü¤­2¡A¤Ê¤­19¡^¡C

¡u§ÚÁö¶^­Ë¡A«o­n°_¨Ó¡C¡v«H¤ß¤@ª½¦b§xÃø¤§¤U¡A¦ý³Ì«á¥²µM±o³Ó¡A«á´Á¥ýª¾±`¦³³o¼Ëªº«H®§¡]µ²¤Ê¤C-¤Ê¤E³¹¤Î¨È¤Q¥|³¹¡^¡C

¶Â·t»P«G¥ú¡A±`«ü­WÃø»P¦w¼Ö¡]¥i°Ñ¾\¼¯¤­18¡FÁɤ»¤Q¤G1°_¡A¤E1°_¡A¤­¤Q¤K10¡A¤­¤Q¤E9¡F§B¤T¤Q26¡^¡C

³oùØÁÙ¬O¨ü­WªÌªº¤ßÁn¡A¥L­Ì¤´µLªk°_¨Ó¡A¤´¦b¶Â·tùØ¡A¼Ä¤H¤´²s¨g¦a¸v­h¡A¦ý¥L­Ì¦³«H¤ß¡A²`«H­C©MµØ¥²½ç¤O¶q¡A¨Ï¥L­«·s®¶¾Ä¡C­C©MµØ¥²§@¥L­Ìªº¥ú¡C¨Ï¥L­Ì¥i¥H±q±wÃøªº¶Â·tÂà¦^¡C

³oúó¨ü­Wªº¤H­Ì¡A¥²¶·¿³°_¡A¤£¥i¬°¥¢±æ»P³n®z©Ò§x¡A¤£¥i®ð¾k¦Ç¤ß¡A¦]¬°¯«·|À°§U¥L­Ì¡A¥u¬O¥Ø«eªº­WÃø¡A¬O¯«µ¹¤©ªººÞ±Ð¡AºÞ±Ð¹L¥h¡A¥²µ²¥X¥­¦wªºªG¤l¡A¦]¦¹¡A¥Ø«eªº§Ô­@¬O»Ý­nªº¡C

¡u§Ú­n§Ô¨ü­C©MµØªº´o«ã¡A¦]§Ú±o¸o¤F¥L¡Aª½µ¥¥L¬°§Ú¿ì©}¡A¬°§Ú¦ù­Þ¡C¥L¥²»â§Ú¨ì¥ú©ú¤¤¡A§Ú¥²±o¨£¥Lªº¤½¸q¡C¡v¡]9¸`¡^

¥H¦â¦C¤H²`·P¦³¸o¡A¦b­C©MµØªº´o«ã¤§¤U¡C¦Û¬ù¦è¨È¤ý¦b¾Ô³õ¤W°}¤`¥H«á¡A¥L¹L¦­Â÷¥@¡A¤Þ°_¥H¦â¦C¤H¦Ûı¦³¸o¡]°Ñ¾\¤ý¤U¤Ü¤T26°_¡A¤Ü¥|20¡FÁÉ¥|¤Q¤G24°_¡^¡C­C©MµØ¤½¸qªº«ã®ð¡A¬O¥Ñ©ó¥H¦â¦C¤Hªº¸o´c¡C¥L­Ì¤]¤Á¹ê©Ó»{¡G¡u§Ú±o¸o¤F¥L¡I¡v¦ý¬O¥~¨¹¤H¤£·|¦³³o»{ÃÑ¡C¥L­Ì¬O¯«À»¥´¿ï¥Áªº§ú¡A¥L­Ì¤£¹L¬O¤u¨ã¡A«o¥H¬°¥L­Ì¥i¥H³Ó¹L¯«ªº¤l¥Á¡A³Ó¹L¥H¦â¦Cªº¯«¡C³o´N¬O¥L­Ì°ò¥»ªº¿ù»~¡A©Ò¥H¯«­n¬°¥H¦â¦C¤HÅG©}»P¦ù­Þ¡C³o¼Ë»¡¨Ó¡A¯«ªº«ã®ð¤£¹L¬Oµu¼Èªº¡]¸Ö¤@¡³¤T9¡^¡A·íÍ¢ªººÞ±Ð¥Øªº¹F¦¨¥H«á¡A­C©MµØ¥²Âà¦V¥H¦â¦Cªº¤³¼Ä¡C¨º®É¥H¦â¦C¬O¸qªÌ¡A¯«ºâ¥L­Ì¬°¸q¡A¥²¤£¦A¦³·´Ãaªº«Â¯Ù¡C¯«´o«ãªº¡A¤£¬O¥L­Ì¡A¦Ó¬O¥~¨¹¤H¡]°Ñ¾\¨È¤@15°_¡^¡C

­C©MµØ±N»â¥L­Ì¨ì¥ú©ú¤¤¡C­C©MµØ¬O«G¥ú¡A¬O¬@±Ï¡]¸Ö¤Ü¤C1¡^¡AÁöµM¥Ø«e¥L­Ì¤´§¤¦b¶Â·t¦º½®¤§¦a¡]¸Ö¤Ê¤­6¡A¤@¥|¤T3¡F«s¤T2¡B6¡^¡C¦ý¨º¥u¦bµu¼È¤§¶¡¡C

¡u¨º®É§Úªº¤³¼Ä¡A´N¬O´¿¹ï§Ú»¡­C©MµØ§A¯«¦b¨ºùتº¡A¥L¤@¬Ý¨£³o¨Æ¡A´N³Q²Û·\¾B»\¡A§Ú¥²¿Ë²´¨£¥L¾D³ø¡C¥L¥²³Q½î½ñ¡A¦p¦Pµó¤Wªºªd¤g¡C¡v¡]10¸`¡^

¤³¼Ä¹ï¥H¦â¦C¤H¦Ã°d¡A¬O©v±Ð¤è­±¡A¥L­Ì©~µM¥ô·NÁ¶Âp¯«¡A¡u­C©MµØ§Aªº¯«¦b¨ºùØ¡H¡v¬O¥~¨¹¤H·í§@¯º½Íªº°Ý»y¡A©úª¾¥H¦â¦C¤H¤£¶ÈµLªk¦^µª¡A¦Ó¥B·P¨ì¤Q¤À²Û·\¡C²Û·\¥H¦â¦Cªº¡A¥²¨ü²Û·\¡A¦]¬°­C©MµØ¥²©w³øÀ³¡C

¯«¤½¸qªºÅã²{¬O¤Q¤À¨ãÅé¡A¬O¥i¥H²´¨£ªº¡C¿ü¦w±o¯«¬@±Ï¡A¬O¤³¼Ä¯à°÷¬Ý¨£ªº¡A²{¦b¥L­Ì¬Ý¨£¤F¡AÁÙ«ç´±´£¥X³o¼ËªººÃ°Ý¡G§Aªº¯«¦b¨ºùØ¡H¡]Ò­¤G17¡F¸Ö¥|¤Q¤G3¡B10¡A¤C¤Q¤E10¡^

²{¦b­C©MµØªººa¥ú¥²¶·Åã²{¡A³o¬O¦³Ãö¥L¿ï¥Áªº©R¹B¡]¸Ö¤@¤@¤­2¡^¡C¨º®É¤³¼Ä¥²¾D³ø¡C

§Ú¥²¿Ë²´¨£¤³¼Ä¾D³ø¡A¨º¬O±aú¦¼¨«ëªº¥Ø¥ú¡]°Ñ¾\«X12¡B13¡Fµ²¤Ü¤K17¡F¸Ö¤Ü¤G18¡^¡C¤³¼Ä¾D³ø¡Aªí©ú¥L­Ì¾Ô±Ñ¡C³Ó§QªÌ±N¸}½ñ¦b¤³¼Ä¨­¤W¡A±j½Õ¨î³Ó¼Ä¤Hªº«Â­·¡C¥L­Ì´N¦¨¬°µó¤Wªºªd¤h¡A²@µL¥\¯à»P¥Î³B¡A¥u³Q½î½ñ¡A¨õ½â¦Ó²Û°d¡C

¯«ªº¤½¸q¦n¦ü¿i§{¤@¯ë¡AºCºCÂà°Ê¡A¿iÁÓ¤U¥h¡A±N³Ì¤pªº¤]¿i¸H¤F¡C¥H¦â¦Cªº¤³¼Ä¤]¥²¦p¦¹¡C

{\Section:TopicID=218}(2)¸t«°ªº´_¿³¡]11-13¸`¡^

³o­ºµu¸Ö±Ô­z±o¤Q¤À¥Í°Ê¡A¦ü¦³³\¦h°Ê§@¡A¸t«°ªºÀð«®­«­×¡AÄƪy¦b¥~ªº¤HÂk¦^¡A¥~¨¹¤Hªº±Ñ¸¨¯î²D¡A·q«ôªÌ«o¦p¼é¦Ä¤@¯ë¶i¤J­C¸ô¼»§N¡A¸t«°¤@¤ù¦n®ð¶H¡C

¡u¥H¦â¦Cªü¡A¤é¤l¥²¨ì¡A§AªºÀ𫮥²­«­×¡C¨ì¨º¤é§Aªº¹Ò¬É¥²¶}®i¡C¡v¡]11¸`¡^

¹ï¥H¦â¦C«ÅÁ¿¡A¹ê»Ú¬O¦V­C¸ô¼»§N«°¡A¦]¬°«°À𥲶·­«­×¡A¨º¥Îµü¡uÀð«®¡v¡A­ì¨Ó¥u¬O«ü¸²µå¶éªº³òÀð¡A¬°«OÅ@¤§¥Î¡A¤]ªí©ú¥u¬°¨p¤H¡A¤£¯à¤½¶}¡A¤]¤£¬O¬°¨Ñ²³¤H¨É¥Îªº¡C±q¶Ç²Î¨Ó»¡¡A±M¨Ñ­C©MµØ¨Ï¥Î¡A¥H¦â¦C»P­C©MµØ¦³§¹µ½°·¥þªºÃö«Y¡]°Ñ¾\¸Ö¤K¤Q13¡A¤K¤Q¤E40¡FÁɤ­5¡^¡C­«­×­C¸ô¼»§N«°Àð¡A¬O¨ü¥~¨¹¤H¯}Ãa¤§«á¥²§@ªº¨Æ¡C³o¬O¯«ªº«ã®ð¤§«áªº®¦¨å¡A¨Ï¥H¦â¦Cªº©R¹B¦³¹ý©³ªºÂàÅÜ¡]°Ñ¾\©Ô¤E9¡F¸Ö¤­¤Q¤@18¡^¡CÀ±­{·í®É¦³³o¿Ý¨¥¡A¦ý¯u¥¿¹ê²{¬O¤é¤[¥H«á¡A¦b²Ä¤­¥@¬ö¤~¦³ªº¡A¨º®É¦³¥§§Æ¦Ì­×³y«°Àð¡]¬ù¦b445B.C.¡^¡A¶ZÀ±­{ªº¿Ý¨¥´Xªñ¤T¦Ê¦~¡C

¹Ò¬Éªº¶}®i¡A¤]¬O¯«ªºÀ³³\¡C¦b¥HÁɨȮѲĤܤ»³¹¤Q¤­¸`¡A¯«À³³\¼W²K°ê¥Á¨ÃÂX±i¥|¹Ò¡C³o¥²µM·|¹ê²{¡C³oùØ´£¨ì³oÀ³³\¡A¬O§_«ü¥H¦â¦CÄÝÆFªº¦a¬É¶}®i¡A¨Ï¥~¨¹¤H¤]¥i«e¨Ó·q«ô¡A¤£¦A§½­­©ó¥H¦â¦C¤H¡C¦ý¬O¦¹³B¥i¯à«ü¥H¦â¦C¦a²zªºÀô¹Ò¡A©ÎªÌ¨âªÌªº²[¸q³£¦s¦b¡A¤U¸`¨¬¥H»¡©ú¡C

¡u·í¨º¤é¡A¤H¥²±q¨È­z¡A±q®J¤Îªº«°¨¶¡A±q®J¤Î¨ì¤jªe¡A±q³o®ü¨ì¨º®ü¡A±q³o¤s¨ì¨º¤s¡A³£Âk¨ì§A³oùØ¡C¡v¡]12¸`¡^

±q¨È­zªºÃä¬É¡A´N¬O¤jªe¨ºÃä¡A¦bªF¥_¦a°Ï¡A¨ì®J¤ÎÃä¬É¡A´N¬O¦b¦è«n¡C±qªF¥_¨ì¦è«n¡AªF¦è¨âºÝ¦b¥ýª¾ªºÆ[©À¬O¾ã­Óªº¥@¬É¡C

±q³o®ü¨ì¨º®ü¡A¨º¸Ó¬O¦a¤¤®ü¨ìªi´µÆW¡C±q³o¤s¨ì¨º¤s¡A¬O±q¥_¤èªº§Q¤Ú¹à¤s¡A¨ì«n¤èªº¦è¤D¤s¡A±q¥_¦Ü«n¤]¬O·¥¤jªº¶ZÂ÷¡C³o¬O¥]¬A¥þ¦a¡]°Ñ¾\¨È¤E10¡F¸Ö¤C¤Q¤G8¡A¤@¡³¤C2¡^¡C¥H¦â¦C¦a²zÀô¹Ò¥i¯à¦³¨º»ò¿ñÁï¡A¦]¬°¯«ªº¯¬ºÖÁ{¨ì¥L­Ì¡A¬O·s¥H¦â¦Cªº»â¤g¡C

½×¹Ò¬Éªº¶}®i¡A¤´¥iÁp·Q¥@¬É¹M¦a³£¨Ó·q«ô¡A¨º¨Ç¦a¤è´N¦¨¤F¥H¦â¦Cªº¹Ò¬É¡A¦]¬°¸U¥Á³£­n¬yÂk¿ü¦w¤s¡]ÁɤG2°_¡A¤»¤Q3¡F¨È¤Q¥|16¡^¡C¦pªG¿Ý¨¥±N¨Ó³Q¾ÛÂk¦^¡A¥H¦â¦C¤H¥²±qªF¦è«n¥_Âk¨Ó¡A¦A¶³¶°¸t«°¡A¦n¦ü¹Ò¬É³£¤w¶}®i¡A¦]¬°¨ì³B³£¦³¤HÂk¦^¡]¥i°Ñ¦Òµ²¤Ê¥|13¡F¨È¤Q8°_¡FÁɤܤC12¡F¸Ö¤@¡³¤C2°_¡^¡C

³o¼Ë¹Ò¬Éªº¶}®i¡A¥²¯à¦ù®i¦Ü¼s¦Ó»·¡C¦ý¬O¤W¸`ªº¡u¹Ò¬É¡v¤]¥i§@¡u¤é¤l¡v¸Ñ¡C¦pªG¬O¡u¤é¤l¡v¡A«h»P¤W¥y­«´_¡A¡u¤é¤l¥²¨ì¡A§Aªº¦~¤é¥²©µªø¡C¡v³o©Î¥i«ü»»»·ªº±N¨Ó¡C¡u¹Ò¬É¡v¤]¥i§@¡u¨å³¹¡v¸Ñ¡C¨º®É«ßªk¥²«ì´_¡A¯´§Ç­«·s«Ø¥ß¡C¦pªG³o¼Ë¸ÑÄÀ¡A¥»¸`ªº²[¸q´N«ü¥~¨¹¤H³£¨ÓÂk¶¶¡C³o¼Ë¥H¦â¦Cªº¼vÅT¥i±qªF¨ì¦è¡A±q«n¨ì¥_¡A¹M¤Î¥þ¦a¡C2

¡uµM¦Ó³o¦a¦]©~¥Áªº½t¬G¡A¤S¦]¥L­Ì¦æ¨Æªºµ²ªG¡A¥²µM¯î²D¡C¡v¡]13¸`¡^

³o¦a¤£·|¬O­{«n¦a¡A¦Ó¬O¥~¨¹¤H¤§¦a¡A¬O¥H¦â¦C¤³¼Äªº¦a¤è¡]°Ñ¾\­C¥|¤Q¤E13¡B17¡A¤­¤Q23¡Fµf¤G13¡B15¡FÒ­¤T19¡^¡C

³o¨Ç©~¥Á¬O¥~¨¹¤¤§@´c¤§½ú¡A¥L­Ì¦æ¨Æ¸o´cªºµ²ªG¡A¥²¨ü¼f§P¡]¼»¤U¤Ü¤@1°_¡FÁɤܥ|5¡F§Q¤Q¤K25¡^¡C¥L­Ìªº¦a¤g¥²µM¯î²D¡]°Ñ¾\ÁɤT10¡F­C¤Q¤C10¡A¤Ü¤@14¡A¤Ê¤G19¡^¡C

¥~¨¹¤H¤§¦a¥²µM¯î²D¡A¬O­C©MµØÅã²{ªºµ²ªG¡]°Ñ¾\ÂE¤@5¡^¡C¦b¥»³B²Ä¤Q¤T¸`§ó±µªñ¥HÁɨȮѩҴy­zªº¡]¤Ü¥|1¡B3¡^¡A³£¦]¥L­Ì«q°f¯«ªºµ²ªG¡]Áɤܥ|5¡^¡C

­C¸ô¼»§Nªº´_¿³¡A¦b©ó¥~¨¹ªº°I¸¨¡A·í«I²¤ªÌ±Ñ°h®É¡A¸t«°»P¸t¦a¥²»X¯«²²¦ö¦Ó¦³·sªº®ð¶H¡C

{\Section:TopicID=219}(3)±Ï®¦ªºÆgºq¡]14-20¸`¡^

³o¬O·q«ôªº·|²³¦V¯«ªº¬è¨D¡A¦n¦ü¤júÒªº¬èë¡G¡u¨D§A°í©wª½¨ì¥Ã»·¡A·Ó§A©Ò»¡ªº¦Ó¦æ¡v¡]¼»¤U¤C25¡^¡C­C©MµØ¬O¥H¦â¦Cªº¤ý¡AÍ¢¬OªªªÌ¡A¤Þ¾É¥L­Ì¦æ¸g¾ú¥vªº¶iµ{¡A¹ê²{Í¢ªº±Ï®¦¡A³o¬O±Ï®¦¾ú¥vªº«H©À¡]14-17¸`¡^¡C¥»®Ñ³Ì«á´X¸`¡]18-20¸`¡^¡A¦n¹³³Ì«áªºÆg¬ü¸Ö¡A¤j¦X°Û¡Aºq¹|¯«¡C

¡]¥Ò¡^¬èë¡]14-17¸`¡^

¡u¨D­C©MµØ¦b­{±K¤sªº¾ðªL¤¤¡A¥Î§Aªº§úªª©ñ§A¿W©~ªº¥Á¡A´N¬O§A²£·~ªº¦Ïúó¡C¨D§A®e¥L­Ì¦b¤Ú¬À©M°ò¦C±o­¹ª«¡A¹³¥j®É¤@¼Ë¡C¡v¡]14¸`¡^

­C©MµØ¬OªªªÌ¡A¬°Â¬ù¤¤¼ô±xªºªí¶H¡]³Ð¥|¤Q¤E24¡F¸Ö¤Ü¤T¡A¤Ü¤K9¤Î¤K¤Q2¡^¡C¥»®Ñ³s¥»¸`¤]¦³¤T³B´£¤Î¡]¥t¨â³B¬°¤G12¤Î¥|6¡^¡C

¥H¦â¦C¬O¯«²£·~ªº¦Ïúó¡]¤]¥X²{¦bÁɤ»¤Q¤T17¡F­C¤Q16¡F¸Ö¤C¤Q¥|2¡A¤E¤Q¤­7¡A¤@¡³¡³3¡^¡C¥H¦â¦C¬O­C©MµØªº²£·~¡A±`¦b¥Ó©R°O´£¤Î¡]¥|20¡A¤E26¡B29¡A¤Ê¤G9¡^¡C¥H¦â¦C¾ÌÂdzo¼Ëªº«H©À¬è¨D¡A²`«H­C©MµØ¥²·|¨ÑÀ³¥L­Ìªº»Ý­n¡A¦V¥L­Ì¬I®¦¡C

¥L­Ì¬O¦b­{±K¤sªº¾ðªL¤¤¡A­ì¤å¤¤¦³¡u­{±K¡vªº¦r¼Ë¡A¨Ã«D«ü­{±K¤s¡A«o¬OÂרU¤§¦a¡C·íµM­{±K¦a°Ï¥HÂײ±ªºªª¯óµÛ¦W¡A½T¬°¦Ïúó³Ì¦nªº¦í³B¡C¡u­{±K¡v¦b¥HÁɨȮѲĤܤE³¹¤Q¤C¸`Ķ¬°¡uªÎ¥Ð¡v¡]¦]¬°§Q¤Ú¹à¤£¯à¦¨¬°­{±K¤s¡^¡A²Ä¤Ê¤G³¹¤Q¤­¸`¤]§@¦P¼ËªºÄ¶µü¡C¦ý¬O­{±K¤sÁö¨S¦³¸t©Ò¡A¦b¤s¯á«o¦³·q«ô­C©MµØªº¦a¤è¡C©Ò¥HĶ¬°­{±K¤s¡A¤]¦³¨Ì¾Ú¡C3¬ã¨s¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z¦a²zÀô¹Ò¡A¦h¥H­C¸ô¼»§N¥_ºÝ¤§¯Uªø¦a±a¬°ªª¦Ïªº°Ï°ì¡A¥þªø¦³¤G¤Q¤­­ù¡A¬OÂOªLªº°ª³B¡C4

¦ý¬O¥L­Ì¬O¿W©~ªº¥Á¡A¥L­Ì¦b¾ðªL¤¤¡A¦ü«ü¥L­Ì³Q¹jµ´¨ü©¿²¤¡A«ü¥L­Ì¦b¾ú¥vªº§x¹ÒùØ¡]°Ñ¦Ò¥»®Ñ¤T12¡F¦ó¤G14¡FÁɤܤ@13¡A¤Ü¤E17¥H¤Î¤Ê¤G15¡^¡C

¥L­Ì¨D¯«®e¥L­Ì¦b¤Ú¬À©M°ò¦C¡C¨º¨â³B¬O¦b¬ù¦ýªe¤§ªF¡Aªª¯ó¤Q¤ÀÂ×ÄÇ¡C¦b¤júÒ©Òùªùªº®É¥N¡A¬OÂk¥H¦â¦Cªºª©¹Ï¡A´¿¸g³Q¨ÈÄõ¤H©Ò«I¦û¡C­Cùªi¦w¤ý¤S¦¬´_³o¥¢¦a¡C¥H«á¤S³Q¨È­z©Ò«I¡C©Ò¥H³oùتº¬èë¨D¯«¦A¨Ï¥L­Ì¦¬´_¡A¥i±oÂ×´Iªº­¹ª«¡A¹³¥j®É¤@¼Ë¡C³o¥¿¦p²Ä¥|³¹¤K¸`©Ò»¡ªº¡A¬O¡u±q«eªºÅv¬`¡v¡A¥i¥H«ì´_¡C

³o¬O¥H«H¤ß¬è¨D±ÏÅ«ªº®¦¨å¡A¥¿¦p­C§Q¦Ì®Ñ²Ä¤­¤Q³¹¤Q¤E¸`¥H¤ÎºM­{§Q¨È®Ñ²Ä¤Q³¹¤Q¸`©Ò»¡ªº¡C

¡u­C©MµØ»¡¡A§Ú­n§â©_¨ÆÅãµ¹¥L­Ì¬Ý¡A¦n¹³¥X®J¤Î¦aªº®É­Ô¤@¼Ë¡C¡v¡]15¸`¡^

¥ýª¾¤S¦b´Á±æ­C©MµØªº¯à¤O¡A¦b¾ú¥vùذʤu¡C¦^ÅU¹L¥hªº«Âºa¡A´N¬O¥X®J¤Îªº¸gÅç¡C¨º®É­C©MµØ©M¥H¦â¦C¤H¥XÂ÷®J¤Î¡]°Ñ¾\ºM¤U¤­24¡F¸Ö¤»¤Q10¡^¡A¨Ï¨º¨Ç³QÀ£­¢ªº¤H¥Á±oú¦¦Û¥Ñ¡A¶i¤JÀ³³\¤§¬ü¦a¡C¯«¹L¥h³o¼Ë§@¤F©_¨Æ¡A²{¦b¤´¥²¦AÅ㯫ÂÝ¡A±qÁ}ÃøªºÀô¹Ò¤¤¥X¨Ó¡C³o¼ËÀµ¨D¯«Åã¥X¬@±Ïªº¤j¯à¡A¹³¥j®É¤@¼Ë¡A¤]¬O¸Ö½g¤¤«sºq¯S¦³ªº§Î¦¡»P¤º®e¡]°Ñ¾\¸Ö¥|¤Q¥|1°_¡A¤C¤Q¥|2¡B12-15¡A¤C¤Q¤C5¡B11¡B14-20¡A¤K¤Q8-11¡^¡C

¦³¤T­Ó¥N¦Wµü¦b¥»¸`¤º¬O­È±oª`·Nªº¡C¡u§Ú¡v¬O«ü­C©MµØ¡AÍ¢¬O¦æ©_¨Æªº¯«¡AÍ¢¦b¾ú¥v¤¤ªº±Ò¥Ü¡A¬O¦³Ãö±ÏÅ«ªº®¦¨å¡A©Ò¥H³o¬O±Ï®¦ªº¾ú¥v¡C¡u¥L­Ì¡v­ì¬°¡u¥L¡v¡A«ü¦C°êªº¾ãÅé¡]¤U¤@¸`»¡©ú¥X¨Ó¡^¡C¦n¹³¡u§A¡v¥X®J¤Î¡]¤¤Ä¶µü¨S¦³§â¡u§A¡vĶ¥X¡^¡C³oùØ¡u§A¡v¥²«ü¥H¦â¦C¡]¥X¤Q¤T3¡A¤Ü¤T15¡F¥Ó¤Q¤@10¡F¸Ö¤@¤@¥|1¡^¡C¥H¦â¦C¤H¥X®J¤Î¡A¬O¯«©Ò¦æªº©_¨Æ¡A¬O¯«»P¥L­Ì¤@°_¥X¨Ó¡A¨î³Ó¤³¼Ä¡]¤h¤­4¡FÁɤܤ»21¡A¥|¤Q¤G13¡F¸Ö¤»¤Q¤K7¡^¡C³o¬O­C©MµØªºÅã²{¡]°Ñ¾\À±¤@3¡^¡C

¡u¦C°ê¬Ý¨£³o¨Æ¡A´N¥²¬°¦Û¤vªº¶Õ¤OºF·\¡C¥L­Ì¥²¥Î¤âݳ¤f¡A±»¦Õ¤£Å¥¡C¡v¡]16¸`¡^

¦C°êªº±Ñ¤`»P²Û·\¡A¬O¦b²Ä¤Q¤Î²Ä¤Q¤T¸`¤w¸g´y­z¤F¡C²{¦b¦A­«­z¡A¥²¦³¯S§Oªº­«ÂI¡C¥~¨¹¤@¦V°g«HªZ¤O¡A¬Æ¦Ü¥i¥H¨î³Ó­C©MµØªº¦Ê©m¡C²{¦b¬Ý¨£­C©MµØ¦bÍ¢¦Ê©m©Ò¬I®iªº¤j¯à¡A¥²¤j·P²Û·\¡C¥H«e¦pªG¤£¬O­C©MµØ³\¥i¥~¨¹¹ï¥H¦â¦Cªº«I²¤¡A¥L­Ì¤S¦³¬Æ»ò¶Õ¤O¡H¦ý¬O·í¯«¯u¥¿Åã²{Í¢ªº«Âºa¡A¥~¨¹«ç¯à¤£¾_Åå©O¡]°Ñ¾\¥X¤Q¤­14-16¡^¡H­C©MµØªº±Ï®¦¥²µMÅã©ú¡A¥~¨¹¥²±Ñ¤`¦Ó°I¸¨¡]ÁÉ¥|¤Q¤­16°_¡B24¡A¥|¤Q¤E22°_¥H¤Î¤»¤Q¥|2¡^¡C¦b­C©MµØ±o³Óªº®É­Ô¡AÍ¢ªº¤ýÅv¥²©w¬I®i¡]¸Ö¤K¤Q¤T9-18¡^¡C

¥L­Ì¥²¥Î¤âݳ¤f¡A¦bÅå©_»PÄߩȤ¤¤£´±»¡¸Ü¡]°Ñ¾\¤h¤Q¤K19¡F§B¤Ü¤@5¡A¤Ü¤E9¡A¥|¤Q4¡F½e¤T¤Q32¡FÁɤ­¤Q¤G15¡^¡C

¡u¥L­Ì¤]¥²±»¦Õ¤£Å¥¡C¡v¥L­Ì¤£´±»¡¸Ü¡A¤]¤£´±Å¥»D¡A¦]¬°²`·P¯«ªº¯à¤O¯E¤j¡A¦p¹pÁn¾_¦Õ¡]§B¤Ü¤»14¡^¡C

¡u¥L­Ì¥²äΤg¦p³D¡A¤S¦p¤g¤¤¸¡¦æªºª«¡A¾Ô¾Ô¹¸¹¸ªº¥X¥L­ÌªºÀç¹ë¡C¥L­Ì¥²¾ÔÄߧ뭰­C©MµØ¡A¤]¥²¦]§Ú­Ìªº¯«¦ÓÄߧB¡C¡v¡]17¸`¡^

¼Ä¤H¦b¥¢±Ñ¤§«á¡A¥²¨õ·L¦a¤^¼¦¡C¥j®Éªº²ß«U¬O¥Ñ±Ñ¸¨ªº¤³¼Ä­Á¥ñ¦b¦a¡A¨Ó§k³Ó§QªÌªº¸}¡Aªí¥Ü§ë¸Û­°ªA¡]°Ñ¾\¸Ö¤C¤Q¤G9¡^¡C³oºØ°Ê§@¦n¦üäΤg¤@¯ë¡C³Dªºª¦¦æ¡A¬O­°¨õªº­ì¦]¡]°Ñ¾\³Ð¤T14¡FÁÉ¥|¤Q¤E23¡^¡C

¥L­Ì¾Ô¹¸¦a¥XÀç¹ë§ë­°¡A¤]¬OÄá©ó±o³ÓªÌªº«Âºa¡C¥L­Ì¦bÀç¹ë¤¤­ì¥H¬°¥i¥H¸úÂáA¦ý³Ì«á¤´¬O¤£´±¤£¥X¨Ó¤^¨D¡C¯«¨Ï¥L­Ì¥¢±Ñ¡A¤£¶È¬°Í¢ªº¦Ê©m¥H¦â¦C¦ù­Þ¡A¤]¬°Åã©úÍ¢¬O­C©MµØ°ß¤@ªº¯u¯«¡C¸Ö½g²Ä¤K¤Q¤T½g¤Q¤C¡B¤K¸`»¡¡G¡uÄ@¥L­Ì¥Ã»·²Û·\Åå´q¡AÄ@¥L­ÌºF·\·À¤`¡A¨Ï¥L­Ìª¾¹D°ß¿W§A¦W¬°­C©MµØªº¡A¬O¥þ¦a¥H¤Wªº¦Ü°ªªÌ¡C¡v

¥L­Ì¦]§Ú­Ìªº¯«Äß©È¡C³o¤]¬O¤júÒ¦b¼y¯¬¨î³Ó¤³¼Ä¤§«áªº´y­z¡G¡u¥~¨¹¤H­n°I´Ý¡A¾Ô¾Ô¹¸¹¸ªº¥X¥L­ÌªºÀç¹ë¡C¡v¤S¦b¸Ö½g²Ä¤@¡³¤G½g¤Q¤­¸`°_³o¼Ë»¡¡G¡u¦C°ê­n·q¬È­C©MµØªº¦W¡A¥@¤W½Ñ¤ý³£·q¬È§AªººaÄ£¡A¦]¬°­C©MµØ«Ø³y¤F¿ü¦w¡A¦b¥LºaÄ£ùØÅã²{¡C¡v

¨º¨Ç¥~¨¹¤H´¿»´©¿¯«¡AÀ£­¢Í¢ªº¦Ê©m¡A²{¦b¥L­Ì¤£±o¤£ÅåÄß¡]°Ñ¾\¸Ö¤Ê¤T8¡A¤»¤Q¤C8¡A¤@¡³¤G16¡^¡C­C©MµØ­n´_¿³Í¢ªº¦Ê©m¡A¥ý³j§K¥L­Ìªº¸o¹L¡A¦A¬°¥L­Ì¨î³Ó¤³¼Ä¡A±oµÛ§¹¥þªº¦Û¥Ñ¡C

¡]¤A¡^ºq¹|¡]18-20¸`¡^

³o¬O³Ì«áªºÆg¬ü¸Ö¡Aºq¹|­C©MµØªº·O·R¡A¬°¥þ·|²³¦P¤ßûÊ°Û¡A¥H²Ä¤@¤HºÙ¦h¼Æ¡u§Ú­Ì¡v¡A¦Vú¦¡uúë¡v­C©MµØ¯«¡A¾ú¼Æ¯«ªº®¦´f¡C¨ä¤¤¤º®e¦³¨â¤j­nÂI¡C²Ä¤@¬O¯«®¦·Oªº©Ê®æ¡]18¸`¡^¡A²Ä¤G¬O¯«®¦·Oªº§@¬°¡]19¸`¡^¡C³Ì«á¬O­«¥Ó«H©À¡A¤ä¨ú¯««H¹êªºÀ³³\¡C

¡u¯«ªü¡A¦³¦ó¯«¹³§A¡A³j§K¸oÄ^¡AÄÇ«ã§A²£·~¤§¾l¥Áªº¸o¹L¡A¤£¥Ã»·Ãh«ã¡A³ß·R¬I®¦¡C¡v¡]18¸`¡^

¡u¦³¦ó¯«¹³§A¡v³oºØ»y®ð¦n¦ü¸Ö½g¤¤ªº¹|µü¡]¸Ö¤C¤Q¤@19¡A¤C¤Q¤C14¡A¤K¤Q¤»8¡A¤K¤Q¤E7¡B9¡A¤E¤Q¤»4¡A¤E¤Q¤C9¡F°Ñ¾\¥X¤Q¤­11ªº¸Öºq¡^¡C

·|²³¬O¯«²£·~ªº¾l¥Á¡A¥L­Ì¬O­C©MµØªº²£·~¡A¦ý¬O¥L­Ì¬O¦b§T«á¾l¥Íªº¤H¡A¬O¼f§P«áªº¾l¼Æ¡A¥L­Ì¦³³d¥ô¨Ó±q¨Æ´_¿³ªº¤u§@¡A¥L­Ì¬O¥H¦â¦C´_¿³ªº¾l¼Æ¡C

¯«ÄÇ®¤¥L­Ì¸o´c¡A¦]¬°Í¢ªº©Ê®æ¬O¤£¥Ã»·Ãh«ã¡A³ß·R¬I®¦¡A³o¤]¬O¸Ö½g¤¤±`¦³ªº»y¥y¡]¤Ü¤­10¡A¤T¤Q6¡A¤Ê¤G10¡A¤Ê¤T5¡A¤Ê¥|9¡A¤­¤Q¤C4¡B11¡^¡C¬I®¦¡]­ì·N¬°¼¦¼§©Î«H¹ê¡^¡A¬O¯«´z¿ïªº®¦´f¡AÍ¢ªº®¦´f¤£¶È³j§K¡A¤]¦æ¬@±Ï¡]¸Ö¤»4¡A¤K¤Q¤­7¡A¤K¤Q¤»5¡A¤@¡³¤T4°_¡^¡C­C©MµØ¯«¹ï¥H¦â¦C¤H¥H©¹ªº®¦¨å¡A¨¬¥i«OÃÒ±N¨ÓªººÖ¤À¡C

¡u¥²¦A¼¦¼§§Ú­Ì¡A±N§Ú­Ìªº¸oÄ^½ñ¦b¸}¤U¡A¤S±N§Ú­Ìªº¤@¤Á¸o§ë©ó²`®ü¡C¡v¡]19¸`¡^

¸oÄ^¦b¦¹³B¦n¦ü¾Ô±Ñªº¼Ä¤H¡A³Q½ñ¦b¸}¤U¡A¨Ï¥L§¹¥þ¥¢¥h¤O¶q¡AµLªk§@±R¡C³o¬O¦b¬ù¤¤¯S¦³ªºªí¶H¡A´yø±o¤Q¤À¬¡¼â¡C

¦ý¬O§ó¥Í°Êªº´y¼g¬O¦b¤U¥b¸`¡AÍ¢±N§Ú­Ìªº¤@¤Á¸o§ë©ó²`®ü¡C¸o¦n¦üªk¦Ñ­x¶¤¦b¬õ®üÃ䪺°l³v¡A¥H«á³£²T¨S¦b¬õ®üªº«ãÀܤ¤¡A¡u¥L­Ì¦p¦P¥ÛÀY¼Z¨ì±´³B¡v¡]¥X¤Q¤­5¡^¡C¸o³Q§ë¤H²`®ü¡A¥i¥H§¹¥þ³Q§Ñ«o¡C¡uªFÂ÷¦è¦³¦h»·¡A¥L¥s§Ú­Ìªº¹L¥Ç¡AÂ÷§Ú­Ì¤]¦³¦h»·¡C¡v¡]¸Ö¤@¡³¤T12¡^¡C

¯«³j§Kªº®¦¨å´N¬O³o¼Ë¡A³j§K»P§Ñ°O(forgive and forget)¬O¬Û³sªº¡C¯«³£¤£¦A¬ö©À©Î°O±o¥H¦â¦C¹L¥hªº¸o´c»P¿ù¥¢¡A¥L­Ì´N¦³¾÷·|­«·s§@°_¡C·sªº®¦¨å¨Ï¥L­Ì§ó·s¡A§ó¥Í¡A¨Ï¥L­Ì±o¤O¡A±o³Ó¡C¥Á±Úªº´_¿³¬O­C©MµØªº¯à¤O¡A¤]¥²¶·¬O¥H¦â¦C¾l¥Á§V¤Oªº¥Ø¼Ð¡A¾Äþͪº°Ê¾÷¡C»XºÖªº±ø¥ó¬O¥L­Ì­n¦³¥R¨¬ªº«H¤ß¡A¥õ±æ¯«¾ú¥N¦V¥H¦â¦C±ÚªøªºÀ³³\¡A¯«ªºÀ³³\¬O«H¹êªº¡C

¡u§A¥²«ö¥j®É°_»}À³³\§Ú­Ì¦C¯ªªº¸Ü¡A¦V¶®¦Uµo¸Û¹ê¡A¦V¨È§B©Ô¨u¬I·O·R¡C¡v¡]20¸`¡^

³o¬O¯«¸t¬ùªº·O·R¡A¬O¦³«í¤[ªº«H¹ê¡C¦è¤Dªº¸t¬ù¥i¥H½éÄò¡]¥X¤Ê¥|6¡^¡A´N¬O³o«H¹êªº·R¡C¦^ÅU¾ú¥vªº©¹¨Æ¡A¯«¹ï±ÚªøªºÀ³³\¦óµ¥¯u¹ê»P®¦·O¡C¯«¹ï¥L­ÌªºÀ³³\¦³¤TºÝ¡GÀ³³\¤§¦a¡AÂ×ÄÇ»P¨Î¬ü¡C¤l®]Ác¦h¡A¦p¤Ñ¤Wªº¬P¡A®üÃ䪺¨F¡A¦a¤Wªº¹Ð¤g¡C¤S¦³¥R¨¬ªººÖ¤À¡]°Ñ¾\³Ð¤Q¤G2°_¡A¤Q¤­5°_¡A¤Ü¤G16-18¡A¤Ü¤K13°_¡^¡C¯«¹ï¨È§B©Ô¨uÀ³³\¡A¬O­Ó¤Hªº¡A¤]¬O¶°Å骺¡C±q­Ó¤H¦Ü®a±Ú¡A¥Ñ®a®x¦Ü°ê®a¡A¥Ñ°ê®a¦Ü¸U¥Á¡A¯«­n±N¥þ¤HÃþ³sµ²¦b¤@°_¡A¥ý±q¥H¦â¦C§@°_¡C¥H¦â¦C¬O¶®¦U¡A¯«¦V¥L­Ì¬I®¦¨å¡A´z¿ï¥L­Ì¬°Äݯ«ªº¤l¥Á¡C¦ý¬O¨º­ì¬O¹ï¶®¦U­Ó¤Hªº¡A¦b¥j®Éªº§B¯S§Q¡CÍ¢ªº¸Û¹ê´N¬O«H¹ê¢w¢w¸t¬ùªº·R¡AÍ¢ªº«H¹ê¦óµ¥¼s¤j¡I

±q¥j®É°_»}À³³\¦C¯ªªº¸Ü¡]³Ð¤Ü¤G16°_¡A¤Ü¤K13¡^¡A¬O¥Ã»·¦³¥\®Äªº¡C³o´N¦¨¬°À±­{®Ñ«H®§ªº°ªúk¡C¥ýª¾ªº¸Ü»y±a¦³«H¤ßªº½T¾Ú¡A¤Þ»â¤H¦³ÄÝÆFªº¨ô¨£¡A¬Ý¨£¯«¯u²zªº«G¥ú¡A·Ó«G¦b¸t¬ù¤§¥Á¡A¸g¹L®É¥Nªº¦ÒÅç¡A¤]·Ó«G¾ú¥Nªº¸t®{¡A³o¯u²z¤§¥ú¨~¥|®g¸U¤è¡A¥Ã¤£º¶·À¡A§ó¥[Þk·×¡C

 

1 B. Stade, "Micha, 7, 7-20, ein Psalm," Zeitschrift fu/r die alttestament-Lische Wissenschaft, 23 (1903), 164-171; H. Gunkel, What Remains of the Old Testament and Other Essays, 1928, 115-149.

2 J.M.P. Smith, Micah, Zephaniah and Nahum, 149-150.

3 O. Eissfeldt, "Ein Psalm aus Novd Israel," Zeitschrift der deutschen morganla/ndischen Gesellschaft, 112 (1962), 259-68; Kleine Schriften, IV, 1968, 63-72.

4 W.F. Albright, "A Brief History of Judah from the Day of Josiah to Alexander the Great," Biblical Archaeologiat, 9 (1946) 2-15, esp. 8.

 

°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø

{\LinkToBook:TopicID=221,Name=ªü¼¯¥q®Ñ}{\LinkToBook:TopicID=226,Name=À±­{®Ñ}

À±­{®Ñ

Allen, Leslie C. The Books of Joel, Obadiah, Jonah, and Micah (The New International Commentary on the Old Testament). Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1976.

Alt, A. "Micha 2:2-5, Ges anadasmos in Juda," Interpretationes ad VT pertinentes Sigmundo Mowinckel septuagenario missae, 1955, 13-23.

Beyerlin, W. Die Kulttraditionen lsraels in der Verkundignung des Propheten Micha (Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments, 72), 1959.

Bewer, Julius A. The Book of the Twelve Prophets, Vol. l. Amos, Hosea, and Micah. (Harper~s Annotated Bible). New York: Harper, 1949.

Budde, K. "Das Ratsel von Micha 1," Zeitschrift fu/r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 37 (1917/18), 77-108.

---. "Micha 2 und 3," Zeitschrift fu/r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 38 (1919/20), 2-22.

Cathcart, K.J. "Notes on Micah 5.4-5," Biblica 49 (1968), 511-14.

Cheyne, T.K. The Book of Micah (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges), Cambridge: University Press, 1895.

Collin, M. "Recherches sur l~histoire textuelle du prophe&te Miche*e," Vetus Testamentum, 21 (1971), 281-297.

Copass, B.A. And E.L. Carlson. A Study of the Prophet Micah, 1950.

Cross, Frank Moore. Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1973.

Deissler, A. "Micha vi. 1-8: Der Rechtsstreit Jahwes mit Israel um das rechte Bundesverhaltnis," Trierer Theologische Zeitschrift 68 (1959), 229-234.

---. and M. Delcor. Les petits prophetes. 2 Miche*e-Malachie. La Sainte Bible 8:1, 1964.

Duhm, B. "Anmerkungen zu den Zwo/lf Propheten:iii. Buch Micha," Zeitschrift fu/r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 31 (1911), 81-93.

Eissfeldt, O. "Ein Psalm aus Nord Israel, Micha 7.7-20," Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft 112 (1962), 259-268.

Ehrlich, Arnold B. Randglossen zur hebra/ischen Bilbel V. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1912.

Elliger, Karl. "Die Heimat des Propheten Micha," Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft 57 (1934), 81-152.

Fohrer, G. "Micha 1," Das ferne und nahe Wort. (Beiherfte zu Zeitschrift fu/r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 105), 1967, 65-80.

Gailey, J.H. Micah to Malachi (Laymen's Bible Commentaries). 1963.

George, A. Miche*e, Sophonie, Nahum. La Bible de Jerusalem, 2nd ed. Paris: Cerf, 1958.

Graetz, H. Emendationes in plerosque Sacrae Scripturae Veteris Testamenti Libros, ed. W. Bacher. Breslau: Schlesische Buchdruckerei, 1895.

Gunekl, H. "The Close of Micah: A Prophetical Liturgy," What Remains of the OT and Other Essays, 1928, 115-149.

Hammerschaimb, E. "Some Leading Ideas in the Book of Micah,"Some Aspects of OT Prophecy from Isaiah and to Malachi, 1966, 22-34.

Harvey, J. Le plaidoyer prophe*tique contre Israe/l apre&s la rupture de l'allaince. 1967.

Haupt, P. "Micah~s Capucinade," Journal of Biblical Literature 29 (1910), 85-112.

---. "Critical Notes On Micah," American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures. 26 (1910), 201-252.

---. "The Book of Micah", American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 27 (1911), 1-63.

Hyatt, J.P. "On the Meaning and Origin of Micah 6:8," Anglican Theological Review, 34 (1952), 232-39.

Hillers, Delbert R. Treaty-Curses and the Old Testament Prophets (Biblica Orientalia 16). Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1964.

---. A Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Micah (Hermeneia). Philadelphia: Fortress Press. 1984.

Hitzing, Ferdinand. Die zwo/lf kleinen Propheten, ed. Heinrich Steiner (Kurzgefasstes exegetisches Handbuch). Leipzig: S. Hirzel. 1884.

Horgan, Maurya P. Pesharim Qumran Interpretations of Biblical Books (Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series, 8). Washington, D.C.: Catholic Biblical Association, 1979.

Jepsen, A. "Kleine Beitrage zum Zwo/lfprophetenbuch 2,"Zeitschrift fu/r die alttestamentlich Wissenschaft 56 (1938), 96ff.

Jeremiah, Jo/rg, "Die Deutung der Gerichtsworte Michas in der Exilszeit," Zeitschrift fu/r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 83 (1971), 330 ff.

---. Theolhacie: Die Geschichte einer alttestamentlichen Gattung (Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament, 10). Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener, 1965.

Kapelrud, A.S. "Eschatology in the Book of Micah," Vetus Testamentum 11 (1961), 392-405.

Lescow, T. Micha 6, 6-8, Studien zu Sprache, Form und Auslegung. 1966.

---. "Das Geburtsmotiv in den messianischen Wissagungen bei Jesaja und Micha," Zeitschrift fu/r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 79 (1967), 172-207.

Leslie, E.A. "Micah the Prophet," International Dictionary of Bible, vol. 3 1962, 369-372.

Lindblom, J. Micha literarisch untersucht (Acts Academiae Aboensis, Humaniora VI. 2). Helshingfors:A>bo Akademi, 1929.

Morgolis, M.L. Micah, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Soceity, 1908.

Marsh, J. Amos and Micah (Torch Bible) 1959.

Marti, Karl. Das Dodekapropheten (Kurzer Hand-Commenter uber das Alte Testament 13). Tu/bingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1904.

Mays, James Luther. Micah: A Commentary. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1976.

Mckeating, Henry. The Book of Amos, Hosea and Micah (Cambridge Bible Commentary). Cambridge: University Press, 1971.

Milik, J.T. "Fragments d~un Midrash de Michee das les manuscrits de Qumran," Revue Biblique 59 (1952), 412-418.

Nielsen, E. Oral Tradition (Studies in Biblical Theology 11). 1962.

Nowack, W. Die kleinen Propheten (Handkommentar zum Alten Testament III, Abteilung 4). Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1922.

Proksch, Otto. Die kleinen prophetischen Schriften vor dem Exil (Erlauterungen zum Alten Testament, 3 Teil). Calw & Stuttgart: Vereisbuchhandlung, 1910.

Reicke, B. "Liturgical Traditions in Micah 7," Harvard Theological Review, 60 (1967), 349-367.

Renuaud, B. La formation du livre de Miche*e (E!tudes Bibliques). Paris: Gabalda, 1977.

Robinson, Theodore H. Die zwo/lf kleinen Propheten (Handbuch zum Alten Testament 14). Tubingen: Mohr 1938.

Rudolph, Wilhelm. Micha-Nahum-Habakuk-Zephanja (Kommentar zum Alten Testament 13/3). Gu/ttersloh: Gu/ttersloher Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn, 1975.

Ryssel, Viktor. Untersuchungen u/ber die Textgestalt und die Echtheit des Buches Micha. Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1887.

Schwantes, S.J. A Critical Study of the Text of Micah, unpublished dissertation, John Hopkins University, 1962.

---. "A Note on Micah 5,1 (Hebrew 4.14)," Andrews University Seminary Studies 1 (1963), 105-107.

---. "Critical Notes on Micah 1, 10-16," Vetus Testamentum 14 (1964), 454-461.

Schmidt, Hans. Micha (Die Schriften des Alten Testaments, Abeilung 2, Band 2, Die grossen Propheten). Go/ttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1923.

Sebok, Mark. Die syrische Uebersetzung der zwo/lf kleinen Propheten. Breslau: Preuss und Junger, 1887.

Sellin, Ernest. Das Zwo/lfprophetenbuch (Kommentar zum Alten Testament 12/1). Leipzig: Deichertsche, 1930.

Scoggin, B. Elmo. "Micah" in Braodman Bible Commentary, vol. 7, 183-229. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1972.

Smith, -G.A. The Book of the Twelve Prophets (Expositor~s Bible). New York: A.C. Armstrong, 1896.

Smith, J.M.P., Willaim Hayes and Julius A. Bewer. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Micah, Zephaniah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Obadiah and Joel (International Critical Commentary). Edinburgh: T&T. Clark, 1911.

Smith, L.P. "The Book of Micah," Interpretation 6 (1952), 210-227.

Snaith, N.H. Amos, Hosea and Micah. (Epworth Preachers' Commentaries). 1956.

Taylor, J. The Massoretic Text and the Ancient Versions of the Book of Micah, 1890.

Thomas, D.W. "Micah," Peake~s Commentary on the Bible (1962), 630-34.

Van de Woude, A.S. "Micha 2, 7a und der Bund Jahwes mit Israel," Vetus Testamentum 18 (1968), 388-391.

---. "Micah in Dispute with the Pseudo-prophets," Vetus Testamentum 19 (1969) 244-260.

---. Micah Nijkerk: Callenback, 1976.

Von Rad, G. Old Testament Theology, 2 vols, New York: Harper and Row, 1965.

Von Ungern-Sternberg, R. Der Rechtsstreit Gottes mit seiner Gemeinde Der Prophet Micha. 1958.

Vuileumier, R. and C. -A. Keller. Miche&e, Nahoum, Habacuc, Sophonie (Commentaire de l' AT, xi. b.) 1971.

Wildberger, H. "Die Volkerwallfahrt zum Zion, Jes. ii, 1-5," Vetus Testamentum 7 (1957), 62-81.

Willi-Plein, l. Vorformen der Schriftexegese innerhalb des AT. Unter-suchungen zum Literarischen Werden der auf Amos, Hosea, und Micha zuru/ckgehenden Bu/cher im hebraischen Zwo/lfprophetenbuch (Beihefte zum Zeitschrift fur die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 123). 1971.

Willis, J.T. The Structure, Setting and Interrelationships of the Pericopes in the Book of Micah, unpublished dissertation, Vanderbilt Divinity School, 1966.

---. "On the Text of Micah 2, 1a-b," Biblica 48 (1967), 534-541

---. "Some Suggestions on the Interpretation of Micah 1.2," Vetus Testamentum 18 (1968), 372-379.

---. "Micah 4.14-5.5-A Unit," Vetus Testamentum 18 (1968), 529-547.

---. "The Structure of Micah 3-5 and the Function of Micah 5.9-14 in the Book," Zeitschrift fu/r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 81 (1969), 191-214.

---. "The Authenticity and Meaning of Micah 5.9-14," Zeitschrift fu/r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 81 (1969), 353-368.

---. "The Structure of the Book of Micah," Svensk Exegetisk A>rsbok 34 (1969), 5-42.

---. "Fundamental Issues in Contemporary Micah Studies," Restoration Quarterly, 13 (1970), 77-90.

Wolff, Hans Walter. Micah the Prophet, tr. Ralph D. Gehrke. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981.

---. A Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Hosea. tr. Gary Stansell (Hermeneia). Philadelphia: Fortress 1974.

Wolfe, R.E. "The Book of Micah: Exegesis," Interpreter~s Bible, vol. 6 (1956), 895-949.

Ziegler, Joseph. "Beitra/ge zum griechischen Dodekapropheton," Nachrichten von der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Go/ttingen. Go/ttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1943, 345-412.

---.Sylloge: Gesammelte Aufsatze zur Septunginta ( Mitteilungen des Septunginta-Unternehmens der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Go/ttingen, x). Go/ttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1971.

¢w¢w ­ð¦ö¤§¡m¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¢w¢wÀ±­{®Ñ¡n