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4.¡u«Ê³¬³o®Ñ¡v¡G¥i°Ñ¦Ò¤K³¹¤Ü¤»¸`¡u±N²§¶H«Ê¦í¡v¡C
¡u¦h¤H¨Ó©¹©b¶]¡Aª¾ÃÑ´N¥²¼Wªø¡v¡G¥i®Ú¾Ú¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»§ï§@¡u¦h¤H´N¥²I¹D¡A¸o´c´N¥²¥[¼W¡v¡C107¦pªG¤£×§ï¡A«h³o¨â¥y¸Ü½×z¦h¤H©é©R©b¶]¡A¥H¬°¥i¥H¼W¥[ª¾ÃÑ¡A¦ý«o§ä¤£ú¦¡]¼¯¤K12¡^¡C¥t¤@¤è±¡A³o¨â¥y¸Ü¤]¥i°Oz¦b¥½«á¤W«Òªº¸Ü¤wÅã©ú¡A¨º¨ÇÄ@·N´M§äªº¥²§ä¨ì¡Aª¾ÃѦ]¦¹¼W¦h¡C108
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¦^µª¥H¤W¨âÂIªººÃ°Ý¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H¯d·N¡G²Ä¤@¡A±Ò¥Ü¤å¾Çªº´y¼g¤ñ¸û¸Ø±i©M´I¦³¶H¼x¡A¬G¤£¤@©w¬O«ö¦r±ªº·N«ä³v¤@À³Åç¡C²Ä¤G¡A¦³¨Ç¨Æ¦b¸t¸gùئ³°O¸ü¦Ó¾ú¥v¬O¨S¦³´£¤Îªº¡A¬G§Ṳ́£¯à´N¦k¤Uµ²½×»¡¸t¸g¤£·Ç½T¡A¦]¬°²{¦³ªº¤W¥j¾ú¥v°O¸ü¨Ã¤£§¹¾ã¡C¾ú¥v¨Ã¨S¦³°O¤U¤@¤Á»P¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¦³Ãöªº¨Æ±¡¡F¦]¦¹¡A§Ṳ́£¯à¦]¬°²{¦³ªº¾ú¥v¨S¦³´£¨ì¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@²Ä¤T¦¸§ð¥´®J¤Î¡A«KÂ_©w¥L¥¼´¿²Ä¤T¦¸§ð¥´®J¤Î¡C§ó«nªº¬O¡A§Ú̵´¤£¥i¦]¦¹´N»¡¸t¸gªº§@ªÌ¦b¦¹³Bªº¹w¨¥¬O¿ù»~ªº¡A¨Ã¥B¬é¬O§@ªÌªº¤Û·Q©Î´Á±æ¦Ó¤w¡C109²Ä¤T¡A¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@ªº½T¦º©óªi´µªº¶ð¤ñ¡A¦ý²Ä¥|¤Q¤¸`¬é´£¤Î¥L¦b¦a¤¤®ü©M¿ü¦w¤s¤§¶¡³]¸m±b¹õ¡A¨Ã¨S¦³»¡¥L¦b¸Ó¦a·À¤`¡C²Ä¥|¡A¨Ï®{«OùɥβĤʤ»¸`ªº¸g¤å´yø¼Ä°ò·þ¡A³o¤£µ¥©ó»¡²Ä¤Ê¤»¸`ªº¡u¤ý¡v¤D¬O¼Ä°ò·þ¡F110«Où¥u¬O«ü¥X±Nn¿³°_ªº¼Ä°ò·þ¦³¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¨ººØź¶Æ¨g¦kªº©Ê®æ¡C
Á`¬A¨Ó»¡¡A²Ä¤Ê¤»¦Ü¥|¤Q¤¸`°ò¥»¤W¤´¬O´y¼g¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¡A¬é¤£¹L³o¬q¸g¤å¤]¥i¥Î¥H´yzź¶Æ¦Û¤j»P¤W«Ò§@¹ï©M¢®`Í¢¤l¥Áªº´c¤H¡C111³o¨Ç¤H³£·|¦b¾ú¥N¥X²{¡A¥B¥H¤£¦Pªº¤è¦¡©M§ÎºA¥X²{¡A¦ý³Ì²×³£·|³Q¤W«Ò¦D»@¦Ó·Àµ´¡C¼Ä°ò·þ¤D¬O³oºØ´c¤H³Ì·¥ºÝªºªí²{¡A¥L¥²·|¹³¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¤@¼Ë³Q·Àµ´¡C
43 ¥Ì«ô¦è¡]Cambyses¡^¬O¥j¦Cªº¨à¤l¡A©ó¥D«e¤¤T¡³¦Ü¤¤G¤G¦~§@¤ý¡C
44 ¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@¡]Darius I¡^©ó¥D«e¤¤G¤G¦Ü¥|¤K¤»§@¤ý¡C
45 ¨È«¢ÀH¾|ì¦WÁ§¦è¡]Xerxes¡^¬O¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@ªº¨à¤l¡A©ó¥D«e¥|¤K¤»¦Ü¥|¤»¤§@¤ý¡A¥L¬O¤ý¦Z¥H´µ©«ªº¤V¤Ò¡C
46 ¦³Ãö³N¤h°²§ê¤h¨C²Ä¡]Smesdis¡^©ó¥D«e¤¤G¤G¦~¿y¦ìªº¸g¹L¡A°Ñ¥¬¿à¯S¡A¥H¦â¦C¥v¡]¤åÃÀ¡A1971¡^¡A396-397.
47 Baldwin¡]185-186¡^«o»{¬°¦¹³Bªº¡u¤T¤ý¡v»P¡u¥|¤ý¡v¤D¬O§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¼g§@ªº§Þ¥©¡A¥Î¡u¢æ¡v©M¡u¢æ¡Ï1¡v¨Ó¥Nªí¡u¥þ³¡¡v©Î¡u³\¦h¡v¡]°Ñ½e¤T¤Q17-32ªº¡u¤T¼Ë¡v¡B¡u¥|¼Ë¡v¡F¼¯¤@3-¤G6ªº¡u¤Tµf¥|¦¸¡v¡^¡F¬G¥»¸`¤D«üªi´µ°êªº´I¨¬²×¾ÉP§Æþ°ê§ðÀ»¥¦¡C
48 ¬Û¶Ç¨È«¢ÀH¾|´¿¦b¯S¼¯¤ñ¨½¡]Thermopylae¡^¡B¼»©Ô¦Ì¡]Salamis¡^¡AÁÚ¥[º¸¡]Mycale¡^¥´±Ñ§Æþx¡F¦Ì°Ç¼w¡A785.
49 Àd²ï®³¡]Roxana¡^¬O¦è¥j´£»â³S¶ø¦è¶®´£¡]Oxyartes¡^ªº¤k¨à¡C
50 ¥L¸¦©Ô¡]Sartira¡^¬Oªi´µ¤ý¤j§Q¯Q¤T¥@ªº¤k¨à¡A¨È¾ú¤s¤j«µøªF¦è¤å¤Æ¦X¤@¡A¤£¦ý¦Û¤vnªi´µ¤Hªº¤k¨à¬°©d¡A¤S¹ªÀy¨ä¥L±N»â°ùªi´µ¤k¤h¡F¤R¾|´µ¡A164.
51 ¤R¾|´µ¡A165-166.
52 ¦h§Q¶R¤G¥@¦b¦w´£ªüô¤@¥@§@¤ý®É¡A´¿¶i§ð±Ô§Q¨È¡A¦ý³Q¢¼»°h¡C
53 ¦Ê¥§°ò¡]Berenice¡^¬O¦h§Q¶R¤G¥@©M¤ý¦Z¨ÈÁÉ¿Õ¥ì¡]Arsinoe¡^©Ò¥Íªº¤k¨à¡C
54 ¦³Ãö³o¨Ç¡u¬Fªv±B«Ã¡v¡A°ÑG.H. Jones, 1 and 2 Kings¡]Eerdmans,
1984¡^, I, 232-233.
55 ©Ô¶ø}´µ¡]Laodice¡^·í®É¤w¥Í¤U¨âÓ¨à¤l¡C
56 ®Ú¾Ú¤C¤Q¤h¡B±Ô§Q¨È¡B©Ô¤B¤åĶ¥»§âw#yalda{h¥N´Àì¨Óªºw#hayyo{l#da{h; 257.
57 Á¤ͤý¡A232.
59 ¡u«o¤£±o±`³Ó¡v¸Ñ§@¡u«o¤£¦û»â¤g¦a¡v¡FHartman,
267.
60 ¬Û¶Ç§JÄR¶ø¯\¥L¡]Cleopatra¡^¶ùµ¹¦h§Q¶R¤¥@®É¡A¥L¬é±o¤Q¤T·³¡A¬Gnµ¥¤¦~¤~¥i¬}©Ð¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A235.
61 Á¨q¶¯¡A212.
62 ¸ô¦è¥v©_³C¡]Lucius Scipio¡^ÁÙ¦³¤@Ó¥S§Ì¤R¥¬¬y¥v©_³C¡]Publius
Scipio¡^³£¬Où°¨ªº¦W±N¡C
63 Young, 240.
64 ©¼°Ç¡]Bel¡^¯«¼q¡A¦ì©ó¥H¤O¶R´µ¡]Elymais¡^¡C
65 ¬Û¶Ç¥L¬O³Q§Æ²¤¦h¸ô¡]Heliodorus¡^¬r¦º¡FJ¨½©ù¡A140¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A236¡F¥v®a»{¬°³o¬O¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@©Òp¿Ñªº¡A·í®É¥L¥¿¦b¶®¨å¡A¹w³Æªð¦^±Ô§Q¨È¡FÁ¨q¶¯¡A213.
66 ¨ä¹ê§O{¼¯¤ý¤×¦Ì¥§¤G¥@¡]Eumenes II¡^¦´N¹w®Æ¥L·|§@¤ý¡A¬GÉxµ¹¥L®É¡AÁÙ¶¶±a°e¥L¤@¨Ç«Ò¤ý¬ï¥ÎªºªA¹¢¡F¤R¾|´µ¡A184.
67 ì¬On#gi^d b#ri^t¡]'prince of covenant'¡^, ¦¹³Bªº¡u§g¡v»P¤E25¡u¨ü»I§g¡vªº¡u§g¡vì¤å¦P¤@Ó¦r¡C
68 Baldwin, 192; Á¤ͤý¡]237¡^«o»{¬°³o¡u¦P·ù¤§§g¡v¤D¬O®J¤Î¤ý¦h§Q¶R¤»¥@¡C
69 ¦w¦h¥§¥j¡]Andronicus¡^·í®É¥N¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@³B²z¬F°È¡A¦]«áªÌ«e©¹°ò§Q®a¥¶Ã¡F¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¦^¨Ê«á¡A¦b¦w¦h¥§¥j±þ¦º¶ø¥§¨È¤T¥@ªº¦a¤è§â¦w¦h¥§¥j³B¦º¡F¤R¾|´µ¡A187.
70 Á¨q¶¯¡A215¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A237.
71 Lacocque, 127; AB, 295.
72 ¦³Ãö¨â¦ì¤j¦Ú¼Ú©Ô¤ü´µ¡]Eulaeus¡^©M¦C®³¤ü´µ¡]Lenaeus¡^ªº³±¿Ñ¡A¥H¤Î¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¦û»â©M§ð¥´©¬¸ô¥P¡]Pelusium¡^©Mªù´´´µ¡]Memphis¡^ªº¸g¹L¡A°ÑÁ¨q¶¯¡A215¡F«ä°ª¡A163¡FAB, 296.
73 ¤R¾|´µ¡A192¡F·í¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¦bù°¨¬°¤H½è®É¡A´¿»P³o¦ìù°¨¯S¨Ï¦Ñ®³´µ¡]Lueius
Popillius Laenas¡^½×¥æ¡C¬G¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¦b¨È¾ú¤s¤j«°¥~´¿¦ù¥X¥k¤âÅwªï¦ÑªB¤Í¡A¦ý¦Ñ®³´µ¤£ªÖ´¤¤â¡Aª½¦Ü¥LµªÀ³°h§L¡A¤~©M¥L´¤¤â¡C
74 Á¤ͤý¡A239.
75 ¨È¥Ò©Ô«°³ù¡]Acra Citadel¡^Åܦ¨C¸ô¼»§Nªº«OúÒ«°¡C
76 ¦³Ãö¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¬O§_¦b¸t·µ³]¥ß¤F¥á´µ¯«¹³¡A°ÑH.H.
Rowley, "Menelaus and the Abomination of Desolation" in Studia
Orientalia Ioanni Pedersen¡]Einar Munkegaard, 1953¡^, 303-315.
77 D.W. Thomas, "Additional Note on
the root yd' in Hebrew" JTS 15: 54-57.
78 ¦¹³B´£¨ì©¾¤ß©ó¤W«Òªº¤H©Ò¾D¹Jªº¥|ºØ¨aÃø¡A¡u˦b¤M¤U¡v¡B¡u¤õ¿N¡v¡B¡u¾Û±°¡v¡B¡u·m¹Ü¡v¡A¬°¬Æ»ò¬O¥|ºØ©O¡H¥i°ÑJeffery, 533.
79 ¦³Ãöº¿¥[¤ñ²©Rªº¸Ô±¡¡A¥i°Ñ¤R¾|´µ¡A199-207¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A254-314.
80 Hartman, 301; Anderson, 141; Zo/ckler, 251.
81 ¨Ò¦p¥ìÁÉ¥H´µ©Ô¡]Ibn Ezra¡^¡AYoung, 246.
82 Walvoord, 272; Jerome, 136.
83 ð¦ö¤§¡A70¡F¥L«ü¥X¡G"³oÓ¤Hª«¬O¾ú¥vªº¡A¦ý³oÓ¥Nªí©Êªº¾ú¥v¤Hª«¤£¥u¬O¦b¤@Ó¤H¨¤W¡A¥i¯à¦b³\¦h¤H¨¤W¹ê²{"¡C
84 "Theos Epiphanes"; ¦³Ãö¡u¶W¹L©Ò¦³ªº¯«¡v»P{«n¦a©v±ÐªºÃö«Y¡A°ÑR.J. Clifford, "History and Myth in Dan 10-12" BASOR 220:
23-26.
85 Young, 248; Gaebelein, 188.
86 J¨½©ù¡A145¡Fµ§ªÌ¤£©ú¥Õ"ù°¨©Ò±R«ôªº¯«"«ç¥i¥H¬Ûµ¥©ó¡uù°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ð©Ò±R«ôªº¯u¯«¡v¡H
87 Young, 249¡FJ¨½©ù¡]145¡^«o»{¬°¬O°ü¤k©Ò¸r¼}ªº¬ü¼w¡A¨Ò¦p®¦·O¡B·Å¬X¡A¨}µ½¡C
88 Walvoord, 274.
89 ¤Þ¦ùPolybius xxxvi, 4, 10.
90 §â~im¡]'with'¡^§ï§@~am¡]'people'¡^, ¦A§â¡u°í©T¡v¡]mibs#re^ ¡^§ï¬°"¨¾¦u"¡]m#bass#re^ ¡^, ¨â³Bªº×§ï³£¬é²o¯AÅTµ¡FMontgomery,463; Driver, 195.
91 ÁöµM·¨¥H¼w»{¬°³o¡u¤ý¡v¬O¼Ä°ò·þ¡A¥L«o©Ó»{²Ä¤Ê¤E¸`ªº´y¼g»P¦w´£ªüô¥Í¥ýÁ¦X¡FYoung, 250.
92 J¨½©ù¡A145¡FWalvoord, 276; ȱoª`·N¬O¤@¨ÇÃÙ¦¨¡u¥L¡v¬O¼Ä°ò·þªº¾ÇªÌ¨Ã¨S¦³´£¥X¥»¸`«ç¼ËÀ³Åç¦b¼Ä°ò·þ¨¤W¡FYoung, 250; Baldwin, 198-199.
93 ¤R¾|´µ¡A195¡FC¸ô¼»§Nªº«°Àð¤w©î·´¡AÅܦ¨¤@Ó¨S¦³«°À𪺫°¥«¡A¹³¥§§Æ¦Ì««Ø«°Àð¥H«e¤@¼Ë¡C
94 Young, 251¡FJ¨½©ù¡]146¡^»{¬°¡u«n¤èªº¤ý¡v¬O¥H®J¤Î¬°ºªº¨È©Ô§BÁp·ù¡A¡u¥_¤èªº¤ý¡v«h¬OĬÁp¡F³oºØ»¡ªk¯ÂÄÝÁr±À¡A²@µL®Ú¾Ú¡C
95 ©¬´£¨È¡]Parthians¡^¦bªi´µ«Ò°ê¹Ò¤º¡A°ÑIBD, 1156.
96 ¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@ªº·À¤`°O¸ü¦b¤j^³Õª«À]²Ä35603¸¹ªdªO¡A°ÑA.J. Sachs
and D.J. Wiseman, "A Babylonian King List of the Hallenistic Period" Irag,
16: 202-212.
97 4Q Dib Ham, 6, 12-14; M. Baillet,
"Un recueil liturgique de Qumra^n, Grotte 4: Les Paroles des Luminaires" RB 68:
195-250.
98 V. Taylor, The Gospel according to
St. Mark¡]Macmillan, 1963¡^, 546.
99 "Many of those who sleep in the
ground of dust shall awake, "¦Ó"of those"ªº¤¶µü¬Omin, ±j½Õ¥þ³¡¤¤ªº¤@³¡¤À¡]"partitive significance"¡^¡C
100 ¦³Ãö¦ý¥H²z®Ñªº´_¬¡»P¬ù¨ä¥L½×¤Î´_¬¡ªº¸g¤åªºÃö«Y¡A°ÑW.Eichrodt,
Theology of the Old Testament¡]SCM, 1967¡^, II, 496-529, ¤×¨ä¬O512-516.
101 Hartman, 307-308; Lacocque, 244; «ö·Ó¦¹»¡ªk¡A²Ä2¸`¥i§@"ºÎ¦b¹Ð®J¤¤¡A¥²¦³¦h¤H´_¿ô¡A¥LÌ¥þ±o¥Ã¥Í¡F¥t¥~¤@¨Ç¤H¡]´N¬O¨º¨Ç¨S¦³´_¿ôªº¡^·|¨ü°d¡A¥Ã»·³Q¼¨´c"¡C
102 J¨½©ù¡A152.
103
104 Young, 256.
105 °í¤h§B¡]Ginsberg¡^»·¦b¤@¤E¤¤T¦~¤w«ü¥X¡u´¼¼z¤H¡v»PC©MµØªº¹²¤H¤§Ãö«Y¡FH.L. Ginsberg, "The Oldest Interpretation of the Suffering
Servant" VT 3: 400-403.
106 ¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°³o¸`ªº¡u¬P¡v¤D«ü¤Ñ¨Ï¡A¬G·t¥Ü´¼¼z¤H³Q´£°ª»P¤Ñ¨Ï¥µ¥¡A¦ý²z¥Ñ¤£¥R¤À¡FJ.J. Collins, "An Apocalyptic Eschatology as the Transcendence of
Death" CBQ 36: 33-35.
107 §ây#s%o{t]t]u^¡]¡u¨Ó©¹©b¶]¡v¡^§ï¬°y#s!o{t#tu^ ("I¹D"¡^¡A§âhaddaat¡]¡uª¾ÃÑ¡v¡^µø§@ha{ra{`ah¡]"¸o´c"¡^¡C
108 J.M. Lindenberger, "Dan. 12:
1-4" Interpretation, 39: 181-186, 184.
109 AB, 303; Hammer, 112; Lacocque, 232;
110 ¦³Ãö¨Ï®{«Où¹ï¼Ä°ò·þªº´yz»PµS¤Ó©Ô¤ñ¤å¾ÇªºÃö«Y¡A°ÑBraverman,
124-125.
111 Baldwin, 201; ð¦ö¤§¡A70.
¡]¤T¡^²§¶Hªºµ²§ô¡G¦ý¥H²z¦A»P¤Ñ¨Ï½Í¸Ü¡]¤Q¤G5-13¡^
5§Ú¦ý¥H²zÆ[¬Ý¡B¨£¥t¦³¨âÓ¤H¯¸¥ß¡B¤@Ó¦bªe³oÃä¡B¤@Ó¦bªe¨ºÃä¡C
6¦³¤@Ӱݨº¯¸¦bªe¤ô¥H¤W¡B¬ï²Ó³Â¦çªº¡B»¡¡B³o©_²§ªº¨Æ¡B¨ì´X®ÉÅ×À³Åç©O¡C
7§ÚÅ¥¨£¨º¯¸¦bªe¤ô¥H¤W¡B¬ï²Ó³Â¦çªº¡B¦V¤ÑÁ|°_¥ª¥k¤â¡B«üú¦¬¡¨ì¥Ã»·ªº¥D°_»}¡B»¡¡Bn¨ì¤@¸ü¡B¤G¸ü¡B¥b¸ü¡B¥´¯}¸t¥ÁÅv¤Oªº®ÉÔ¡B³o¤@¤Á¨Æ´N³£À³Åç¤F
8§ÚÅ¥¨£³o¸Ü¡B«o¤£©ú¥Õ¡B´N»¡¡B§Ú¥Dªü¡B³o¨Ç¨Æªºµ²§½¬O«ç¼Ë©O¡C
9¥L»¡¡B¦ý¥H²zªü¡B§A¥uºÞ¥h¡B¦]¬°³o¸Ü¤w¸gÁôÂëʳ¬¡Bª½¨ì¥½®É¡C
10¥²¦³³\¦h¤H¨Ï¦Û¤v²M²b¼ä¥Õ¡B¥B³Q¼õ·Ò¡E¦ý´c¤H¤´¥²¦æ´c¡B¤@¤Á´c¤H³£¤£©ú¥Õ¡B±©¿W´¼¼z¤H¯à©ú¥Õ¡C
11±q°£±¼±`ÄmªºêO²½¡B¨Ã³]¥ß¨º¦æ·´Ãa¥i¼¨¤§ª«ªº®ÉÔ¡B¥²¦³¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡C
12µ¥¨ì¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤¤éªº¡B¨º¤H«K¬°¦³ºÖ¡C
13§A¥B¥hµ¥Ôµ²§½¡B¦]¬°§A¥²¦w·²¡E¨ì¤F¥½´Á¡B§A¥²°_¨Ó¡B¨É¨ü§AªººÖ¤À¡C
5.¡u¨âÓ¤H¯¸¥ß¡v¡G¨â¦ì¤Ñ¨Ï¥H¤Hªº§Î¹³Åã²{¡A¯¸¦b©³®æ¨½´µªe¨âÃä¡]¤Q4¡^¡C
¡u¤@Ó¦bªe³oÃä¡v¡G¡uªe¡vªºì¤å¦b¸t¸g¦h«ü®J¤Îªº¥§Ã¹ªe¡A112§@ªÌ±Ä¥Î³oÓ¦r¨ÓºÙ©I©³®æ¨½´µªe¡A·t¥Ü¤W«Ò¦b¥X®J¤Î®É¦p¦ó³Ó¹L®J¤Î¬@±ÏÍ¢ªº¦Ê©m¡A²{¦b·|¦P¼Ë¬@±ÏÍ¢ªº¿ï¥Á²æÂ÷¼Ä¤Hªº¢®`¡C
6.¡u¯¸¦bªe¤ô¥H¤W¬ï²Ó³Â¦çªº¡v¡G«ü¦b²Ä¤Q³¹¦V¦ý¥H²zÅã²{ªº¨º¤@¦ì¤Ñ¨Ï¡]¤Q5¡^¡C©Ò¥H¡A·í®É¦@¦³¤T¦ì¤Ñ¨Ï¡F¦ý¥H²z©M¬ï²Ó³Â¦çªº¤Ñ¨Ï¯¸¦bªeªº¤W´å¡A¦Ó¥t¥~¨â¦ì¤Ñ¨Ï¦bªeªº¤U´å¡C113
¡u³o©_²§ªº¨Æ¡A¨ì´X®É¤~À³Åç©O¡v¡G¡u©_²§ªº¨Æ¡v¡A¤D«ü¤Q¤@³¹¤Ê¤@¸`¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹¤T¸`©Ò°O¸üªº´Ý»Å¢®`¡F¡u©_²§¡v»P¤Q¤@³¹¤Ê¤»¸`ªº¡u©_²§¡v©M¤K³¹¤Ü¥|¸`¡u«D±`ªº·´·À¡v¤§¡u«D±`¡v¦P¤@Ó¦r®Ú¡A¬G·t¥Ü¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¹ï¤W«ÒªºÁ¶Âp©M¹ï¿ï¥Áªº¢®`¡C¡u³o©_²§ªº¨Æ¨ì´X®É¤~À³Åç©O¡vì§@¡u³o©_²§ªº¨Æªºµ²§½¦ó®É¤~Á{¨ì©O¡H¨s³º¿ï¥Á©Ò¨üªº¢®`¦ó®É¤~§¹µ²©O¡]¤K14¡^¡H
7.¡u¦V¤ÑÁ|°_¥ª¥k¤â¡v¡G¦V¤Ñ°_»}¡F¬ù®É¥Nªº°_»}¦hÁ|°_¤@°¦¤â¡]³Ð¤Q¥|22¡F¥X¤»8¡F¥Ó¤Ê¤G40¡^¡AÁ|°_¨â°¦¤âªí¥Ü°_»}ªº°Ê§@¯S§O²ø«ªºÄYµÂ¡A»}¨¥¥²©wÀ³Åç¡C
¡u«üú¦¬¡¨ì¥Ã»·ªº¥D°_»}¡v¡G¤W«Ò¥Ã»·¬¡ú¦¡]¥|34¡^¡A¬GÍ¢¥i«OÃÒ»}¨¥¥Ã»·¦³®Ä¡Aµ´¤£¸¨ªÅ¡C114
¡u¤@¸ü¤G¸ü¥b¸ü¡v¡G°Ñ¤C³¹¤Ü¤¸`¡C
¡u¥´¯}¸t¥ÁÅv¤Oªº®ÉÔ¡v¡G¸t¥Á¨ü¢®`®t¤£¦h§¹¥þ³Q·Àµ´¡A¥HP¤O¶q®ø¥¢¡C
8.¡u§Ú¥D°Ú¡v¡G¹ï§O¤H¦³Â§»ª©M´L·qªººÙ©I¡]¤Q16¡^¡A¤]¬O¹²¤H¹ï¥D¤H±`¥ÎªººÙ©I¡C
¡u³o¨Ç¨Æªºµ²§½¬O«ç¼Ë©O¡v¡G¦ý¥H²z¤£©ú¥Õ¤Ñ¨Ï¬°¦ó¬é«ü¥X¸t¥Á¨üWn¨ì¤@¸ü¤G¸ü¥b¸ü¡A«o¨S¦³´£¨ì¨º¢®`¸t¥Áªº¤H¤§µ²§½¡A¬G¦V¤Ñ¨Ï¿Ô¸ß¡C
9.¡u§A¥uºÞ¥h¡v¡G¡u¥h¡v¤D¬O¤Ñ¨Ï±Ð°V¦ý¥H²z¤£n¹L¥÷¦n©_¡A¤]¤£n°l°Ý¡A¥uºÞ§âºÃÃø©ñ¤U¡F115¦]¬°¦³¨Ç¨Æ¤£·|¦b·í®ÉÀ³Åç¡A¬G¨S¦³¸ÑÄÀªº¥²n¡C¦ý¥H²zÁöµM¿Ë¦ÕÅ¥¨£¦¹±Ò¥Ü¡A«o¤£§¹¥þ©ú¥Õ¡F¬G¦¹¡A¹ï¥L¨Ó»¡¡A±Ò¥Ü¤´¬O¡uÁôÂëʳ¬¡v¡C¥DC¿q¤]´¿§h©J¨Ï®{©¼±o¤£n±´Å¥¦³Ãö¬ù¿«ªº¨Æ±¡¡A¥uºÞ¦Û¤v±M¤ß¸ò±q¥L¡]¬ù¤Ü¤@21¡^¡C
10.¡u±©¿W´¼¼z¤H¯à©ú¥Õ¡v¡GÁöµM¦ý¥H²z¤£©ú¥Õ¡A¦ý³o¨Ç¡u«Ê³¬¡vªº±Ò¥Ü¦³¤@¤Ñ·|¦¨¬°¦b¢®`¤¤ªº¸t¥ÁªºÀ°§U¡A¥LÌ¥²¦]©ú¥Õ¦Ó¦³¤O¶q¸g¹L¢®`ªº¡u¼õ·Ò¡v¦¨¬°¡u²M²b¼ä¥Õ¡v¡]¤Q¤@35«ü¥X´¼¼z¤H³Q¼õ·Ò¦Ó²M²b¼ä¥Õ¡A¦¹³B«o»¡¨º¨Ç¤H¦b¼õ·Ò¤¤¦¨¬°²M²b¼ä¥Õ¡A¤D¦]¥L̦³´¼¼z¡^¡C
11.¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡v¡G»P¤U¤@¸`ªº¡u¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤¤é¡v¥i¦³¤TºØ¸ÑÄÀ¡G
²Ä¤@¡A±µ¨ü®É¥N¥D¸qªº¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¥»¬q¡]¤Q¤G5-13¡^½×z¥½¥@ªº±¡´º¡C¡u¤@¸ü¤G¸ü¥b¸ü¡v¤D«ü¤C¦~¤j¨aÃøªº«á¤T¦~¥b¡C¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡v¤ñ¤T¦~¥b¦h¥X¤Ê¤Ñ¡A¨º¤Ê¤Ñ´N¬O°ò·þ²Ä¤G¦¸°Á{«á¼f§P¥@¬É©Ò»Ýªº®É¶¡¡]¤Ó¤Ü¤31-46¡^¡F§Y¬O»¡¡A¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤Ñ¬O±q¤j¨aÃø¤¤´Ápºâ¡Aª½¦Ü¼f§P§¹²¦¡C¡u¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤¤é¡v¤ñ¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡v¦h¥X¥|¤Q¤¤Ñ¡A³o¥|¤Q¤¤Ñ¬O¥Î¨Ó«Ø¥ß©M¦w±Æ¤dÁH¦~°ê¤ºªv¨Æªº²Õ´¡C116
²Ä¤G¡A¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡v¶H¼x¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¦Ü¼Ä°ò·þªº¢®`¡A¡u¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤¤é¡v«h¶H¼x¾ãÓ¢®`ªº®É´Áª½¦Ü¤W«Òªº°ê§¹¥þ«Ø¥ß¡C117¥Ñ©óµS¤Ó¤H¥H¤T¦Ê¤»¤Q¤Ñ¬°¤@¦~¡A¬G¡u¤T¦~¥b¡v¤D¬O¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤»¤Q¤Ñ¡A¦Ó¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q©M¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤³£¬é¤ñ¤T¦~¥b¡]§¹¥þ¼Æ¥Ø¡u¤C¡vªº¥b¼Æ¡^µyªø¡AÅã¥Ü¸t¥Á¥u·|¨ü¢®`¤@¬q®É¶¡¡C¥t¤@¤è±¡A¦]¬°²Ä¤C³¹¤Ü¤¸`¡]¤Q¤G7¡^¥»»¡¡u¸t¥Á¥²¥æ¥I¥L¤â¤@¸ü¡B¤G¸ü¡B¥b¸ü¡v¡]¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤»¤Q¤é¡^¡A³oùØ«o«ü¥X¹ê»ÚªºWÃøn¤ñ¹w´Á¦h¡]¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡^¡A¬Æ¦ÜÁÙn§ó¦h¡]¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤¤é¡^¡C¬G¦¹¡A¸t¥Á°Èn¡u§Ô@¨ì©³¡A¥²µM±o±Ï¡v¡]¥i¤Q¤T13¡^¡C¯à°÷§Ô¨üªø®É´ÁWÃøªº¡A«K¬O¦³ºÖªº¤H¡C118
²Ä¤T¡AÃÙ¦¨²Ä¤Q¤G³¹¤@¦Ü¥|¸`¡A¬O½×¨ì¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¢®`µS¤Ó¤Hªº¾ÇªÌ¡A«o¬Û«H¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡vªí¼x¨º¤@¬q¥Ñ¥L¤£ãµS¤Ó¤HÄm²½ª½¦Ü¥L¦º¤`ªº¤é¤l¡A¦Ó¡u¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤¤é¡v©Ò¦h¥Xªº¥|¤Q¤¤Ñ¤Dªí¼x¨º¤@¬q¥L¦º«áª½¦Ü«Ø¥ß·sªÀ·|¨î«×©MÄw³Æ¸t·µ©^Äm§ªº¤é¤l¡C119¥t¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡v©Ò¦h¥Xªº¤T¤Q¤Ñ¤D¬O§@ªÌ¼¶¼g²Ä¤Q¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹©Ò¥Îªº®É¶¡¡A¦Ó¡u¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤¤é¡v©Ò¦h¥Xªº¥|¤Q¤¤é¤D¬O¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¥Xª©©Ò¥Îªº®É¶¡¡F120³o²z½×¨S¦³¥ô¦óÃÒ¾Ú¤ä«ù¡C
13.¡u§A¥B¥hµ¥Ôµ²§½¡v¡G¥H²z¦A³Q§h©Jn¡u¥h¡v¡]9¸`¡^¡A¡u¥h¡v¨«§¹¥L¤H¥Íªº®È³~¡AµM«á¦w®§¡]Áɤ¤Q¤C2¡^¡C¨ì¤F¥½´Á¡A¥L¥²´_¬¡¡A°_¨Ó©Ó¨ü¤W«Ò¬°¥L¹w³Æªº²£·~¡]¤h¤@3¡F¦è¤@12¡^¡C121
¥»¬q¤D¬O³Ì«á²§¶Hªºµ²§ô¡C¦ý¥H²zº¥ýÅ¥¨£¨â¦ì¤Ñ¨Ïªº¹ï¸Ü¡F³o¨â¦ì¤Ñ¨ÏªºÅã²{¬°¤FÃÒ¹ê¬ï³Â¦çªº¨º¦ì¤Ñ¨Ï©Ò°_ªº»}¡A¦]¬ùªºªk«ß³W©w¨â¤TÓªº¨£ÃÒ¤~¦³®Ä¡]¥Ó¤Q¤E15¡^¡C
¬ï³Â¦çªº¤Ñ¨Ï°_»}«ü¥X¸t¥Á³Q¢®`n¨ì¡u¤@¸ü¤G¸ü¥b¸ü¡v¤~§¹µ²¡A¦ý¥H²z·Q°Ý²M·¡¡A¤Ñ¨Ï«o¤£¦^µª¡A¥u§i¶D¥L¦b¢®`¤¤¦³¨Ç´¼¼z¤H·|¼ä¨¦Û·R¡A©¾s«ù¦u«H¥õ¡A¦ý¤]¦³¨Ç¤H¤´µM¦æ´c¡A¦]¤£©ú¥Õ¤W«Òªº±Ò¥Ü¡C
¤Ñ¨Ï¸òú¦´£¤Î¨âÓ¤£©öÀ´ªº¼Æ¦r¡]¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡v©M¡u¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤¤é¡v¡^¡A¨Ã¥B«ü¥X¨º¨Ç§Ô@¨ì©³ªº¥²µM»XºÖ¡C
³Ì«á¤@¸`¬O¤Ñ¨Ïµ¹¦ý¥H²zªºÀ³³\©M¯¬ºÖ¡A¥L¬O¤@¦ì´¼¼z¤H¡A¬G²×¥²´_¬¡¡]¤Q¤G1-3¡^¡A©Ó¨ü¤W«Òªº²£·~¡C
112 hay#`o^r¡]¡uªe¡v¡^¦b¸t¸g¤@«ß«ü®J¤Îªº¥§Ã¹ªe¡A°£¤F¦b¬ù§B°O¤Ü¤K10©M¥HÁɨȮѤʤT21¡F¸Ó¨â³B¸g¤å¥Î³o¦rªº½Æ¼Æ°Oz¤H¤u¹Bªe¡C
113 AB, 274¡A¡uªe¤ô¥H¤W¡vì§@¡uªe¤ôªº°ª³B¡v¡A«üªeªº¤W´å¡C
114 Andrew P.C. Kwong, The Initiatory
Oath of the Dead Sea Scrolls¡]M.A.
Thesis,
115 Wood, 325.
116 J¨½©ù¡A155.
117 Young, 263.
118 ð¦ö¤§¡A76.
119 Hammer, 119; Á¨q¶¯¡A222.
120 Lacocque, 250.
121 ð¦ö¤§¡A76.
Á`µ²
¢¹¡@³oӳ̫᪺²§¶H¡]10-12³¹¡^¡Aº¥ý»¡©ú¦ý¥H²z¨èW¦Û¤v¡A¹w³Æ±µ¨ü¤W«Òªº«H®§¡F¤W«ÒÅ¥¤F¥LªºÃ«§i¡A¥´µo¤Ñ¨Ï¦V¥L¶Ç»¼«H®§¡C¤Ñ¨Ï¥ý¦V¥LÅã²{¡A¸òú¦»P¥L¹ï¸Ü¡C122
¤Ñ¨Ï§âªi´µ¦Ü¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@ªº¾ú¥v¦V¦ý¥H²z±Ò¥Ü¡]»P²Ä¤K³¹¬Û¥é¡^¡A±j½Õ¸t¥ÁÁöµM·|¾D¨ü¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@ªº¢®`¡A¦ý¯u¥¿»{ÃѤW«Òªº¤H¡A¤£¦ý¦Û¤vè±j«ù¦u«H¥õ¡A¥B·|±Ð¾É¹ªÀy¨ä¥L¤H¹ï¤W«Ò©¾s¡C
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¥t¤@¤è±¡A¢®`¸t¥Áªº¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@³Ì¤jªº¤ò¯f¤D¬O¥Lªº¨g¦kź¶Æ¡F¥L¦Û¥H¬°¤ñ¤W«Ò°ª¶W¡A¬Æ¦Ü¥H¦k¨¥Á¶Âp¤W«Ò¡A¬G²×¥²¨ü¦D»@³Q·Àµ´¡C©Ò¦³¦Û¥H¬°¤F¤£°_ªº´c¤H¡]¤×¨ä¬O¤j¸o¤H¡u¼Ä°ò·þ¡v¡^³£·|¦]§ðÀ»¤W«Ò©MÍ¢ªº¤l¥Á¦Ó·À¤`¡A¨S¦³¤H¥i¥HÀ°§U¥LÌ¡F¦]¬°¡u©Ò©wªº¨Æ¡A¥²µM¦¨´N¡v¡]36¸`¡^¡C
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¢¼¡@³oӳ̫᪺²§¶H¦³¦h³Bªº´y¼g»P¥HÁɨȮÑÃþ¦ü¡G²Ä¤@¡A´¼¼z¤H¡u¨Ï¦h¤HÂk¸q¡v¡]¤Q¤G2¡^»P¥HÁɨȮѪºC©MµØªº¹²¤H¡u¨Ï¦h¤H¦]»{ÃÑ¥L±oºÙ¬°¸q¡v¡]Áɤ¤Q¤T12¡^¬Û¦ü¡F´¼¼z¤HÂÇú¦¥L̪º±Ð¾É©Mº]¼Ë¨Ï¦h¤HÂk¸q¡AC©MµØªº¹²¤H«o¦]¨üW¨Ï¦h¤H±oºÙ¬°¸q¡C132²Ä¤G¡AC©MµØªº¹²¤H¡u¥²³Q°ª¤É¡B¦¨¬°¦Ü°ª¡v¡]Áɤ¤Q¤G13¡^¡A¦ý¥H²z®Ñªº´¼¼z¤H¡u¥²µo¥ú¦p¦P¤Ñ¤Wªº¥ú¡v¡]¤Q¤G3¡^¡C²Ä¤T¡A¤Q¤G³¹¤G¸`ªº¡u´_¬¡¡v»P¥HÁɨȮѤܤ»³¹¤Q¤E¸`¦³Ãö«Y¡F¥HÁɨȮѨºùتº´_¬¡°¾«©ó±o¬@±Ï©M¨ü¦D»@¡]16-20¸`¡^¡A¥»®Ñ¤Q¤G³¹¤G¸`¤]¦P¼Ë±j½Õ¸q¤H´_¬¡¬O±o¬@±Ï¡]¦³¥Ã¥Í¡^¡A´c¤H«o¬O´_¬¡¨ü¦D»@¡C²Ä¥|¡A¤Q¤G³¹¤G¸`´c¤H¡u³Q¼¨´c¡v¥i¯à¬O·½©ó¥HÁɨȮѤ»¤Q¤»³¹¤Ü¥|¸`¡A¨â³B³£»¡©ú´c¤Hªºµ²§½¡C133
¥t¤@¤è±¡A³Ì«áªº²§¶H«ü¥X¨º¨Ç¹ï¤W«Ò©¾sªºµS¤Ó¤H¬O¡u»{ÃÑ¡v¤W«Òªº¤l¥Á¡]¤Q¤@32¡^¡A¥LÌ¥²·|±q¡u¹Ð®J¤¤¡v´_¿ô¡A¥B±o¡u¥Ã¥Í¡v¡C³o¥s¤H¥ß¨èÁp·Q¨ì¨È·í®L«½¥Ç¸oªº¹Lµ{¡F¥L̥Ǹo¤D¦]¬°n¹³¤W«Ò¤@¼Ë¾Ö¦³¥þ³¡ªºª¾ÃÑ¡]³Ð¤T5¡^¡A134µ²ªG¤HnÂk©ó¡u¹Ð¤g¡v¡]³Ð¤T19¡^¡A¥B¤£¯à¦Y¡u¥Í©R¾ð¡v¤WªºªG¤l¡]³Ð¤T22¡^¡C¨È·í®L«½¥Ç¸o¤D¦]I°f¤W«Ò¡A¦Ó´¼¼z¤H«o¦b³Ì§xÃøªºÀô¹Ò¤§¤U¤´µM¶¶±q¤W«Ò¡F³o¯u¬O±j¯Pªº¹ï¤ñ¡C
122 ³oºØ¥ýÅã²{«á¹ï¸Ü¡]Epiphany with an angelic discourse¡^ªº¶Ç«H®§¤è¦¡¤]¦b¥H¦èµ²®Ñ¤@³¹©M±Ò¥Ü¿ý¤@13-15¥X²{¹L¡F°ÑS. Niditch, "The Visionary" in Ideal Figures in Ancient
Judaism¡]ed.¡^J.J. Collins¡]Scholar, 1980¡^, 153-179.
123 N.C. Habel, The Book of Job¡]SCM, 1985¡^, 297; A.
van Selms, Job¡] Eerdmans, 1985¡^, 78.
125 ¥i°Ñ¦ÒRSV, NEB, JBªºÂ½ÄÀ¡FJ.F.A.
Sawyer, Isaiah I¡]St. Andrew, 1984¡^, 220-221.
126 J.D.
128 ¼w§J¹F¯«¤÷¡]M. Dahood¡^´¿¦b¥L¸Ö½g¸àÄÀ¤¤«ü¥X¸Ö½g¦³³\¦hÃö©ó¥Í©R¤£¦´©M´_¬¡ªº«ä·Q¡A¦ý¥Lªº¬Ýªk¨Ã¨S¦³±o¨ì¦h¼Æ¾ÇªÌªº¤ä«ù¡FM. Dahood, Psalms, I¡]Doubleday, 1965¡^, 106.
129 ¦³Ãö°ò·þ®{¨Åé´_¬¡ªº¯S©Ê¡A°ÑBruce Milne, Know the Truth¡]IVP, 1982¡^, 270.
130 ¦³Ãö³o¤è±ªº°Q½×¡A¥i°ÑP.D. Miller, The Divine Warrior in
Early Israel¡]Harvard, 1973¡^, ¥H¤ÎP.D. Hanson, The Dawn of Apocalyptic ¡]Fortress, 1975¡^, 292-324.
131 °¨¤ÓºÖµ¤Q¤K10¡u¥L̪º¨ÏªÌ¡v¦n¹³·t¥Ü¨C¤@Ó¤H¦³¤@¦ì«OÅ@¥Lªº¨ÏªÌ¡FBilly
Graham, Angels¡]Doubleday, 1975¡^, 88.
132 Davies, 110.
133 Lacocque¡]243-244¡^¬Æ¦Ü¥Î¥HÁɨȮѤ»¤Q¤»24¤ä«ù¥LªºÆ[ÂI¡A´N¬O´c¤H¨Ã¨S¦³´_¬¡¡A¦]¬°¥HÁɨȮѴ£¨ì´c¤Hªº«Íº»G¤Æ¡A¬G¦ý¥H²z®Ñªº´c¤H¤]¨S¦³¨Åé´_¬¡¡C
134 ¡u¤À§Oµ½´c¡v¡]³Ð¤G17¡^ì§@"µ½´cªºª¾ÃÑ"¡A¥Î¡uµ½´c¡v¨âÓ¹ï¤ñªí¥Ü¡u¥þ³¡ªºª¾ÃÑ¡v¡C
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5.¤p¨¤©M²Ä¥|ÀYÃ~³Q·´·À¡]11¸`¡^¡A«ü¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@ªº·À¤`¡C¡u¨ä¾lªºÃ~¡BÅv¬`³£³Q¹Ü¥h¡A¥Í©R«o¤´¦s¯d¡v¡]12¸`¡^´y¼g²Ä¥|Ã~ªº§Æþ°êÁö³Q·´·À¡A¦ý¤Ú¤ñÛ¡Bº¿¥N¡Bªi´µ¡]«e¤TÃ~¡^«o¤£³Q¥]¬A¦bù°¨ªºª©¹Ï¤º¡A¤´Â¬O¿W¥ßªº°ê®a¡C¡u°ê«×¡BÅv¬`¡B©M¤Ñ¤U½Ñ°êªº¤jÅv¡A¥²½çµ¹¦Ü°ªªÌªº¸t¥Á¡v¡]27¸`¡^´yz°ò·þ²Ä¤@¦¸°Á{¡A±a¶i¤F¤W«Òªº°ê«×¡A¦ýn¦bÍ¢²Ä¤G¦¸°Á{®É¡A³o°ê«×¤~§¹¥þ³Q«Ø¥ß¦b¦a¤W¡C¨ì®ÉÔ¡AÍ¢ªº¸t¥Án»PÍ¢¥Ã»·¦b¦a¤W§@¤ý¡]±Ò¤9¡B10¡^¡C
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2.¤½¤s¦Ï¡u¤jµo©Á«ã¡v¡]¤K6¡^¡A²Ä¥|Ã~¡u¬Æ¬O¥i©È¡v¡]¤C7¡^¡C
3.¤½¤s¦Ï¡u§éÂ_¡v¤½ºø¦Ïªº¡uÂù¨¤¡v¡]¤K7¡^¡A²Ä¥|Ã~¡u§]³ðÄZ¸H¡v¡]¤C7¡^¡C¡u§éÂ_¡v©M¡uÄZ¸H¡v³£«ü¡u¯»¸H¡v¡C
4.¤½¤s¦Ï¡u¥Î¸}½î½ñ¡v¡]¤K7¡^¡A²Ä¥|Ã~¡u¥Î¸}½î½ñ¡v¡]¤C7¡^¡C
®Ú¾Ú¤Ñ¨Ïªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A¡u¤½¤s¦Ï¡v¤D¬O«ü§Æþ¡A²Ä¤C³¹ªº²Ä¥|°ê°Z¤£¤]¬O«ü§Æþ¶Ü¡H
¢¼¡@²Ä¤E³¹ªºÀY¤CÓ¤C¤D¬OC§Q¦Ì»¡¹w¨¥¡]587 B.C.¡^¶}©l¡Aª½¨ì¥j¦C©Î¤j²½¥q¬ù®Ñ¨Èªº®ÉÔ¡]538 B.C.¡^¡C¤»¤Q¤GÓ¤C«ü¥j¦C©Î¬ù®Ñ¨È¨ì¤j²½¥q¨È¥§¦è¤T¥@¡]171 B.C.¡^¡C³Ì«á¤@Ó¤C¡]171-164 B.C.¡^«h¥]¬A¨È¥§¨È¤T¥@³Q±þ¡A¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@ªºx¶¤·´·ÀC¸ô¼»§N¡A±°¹Ü¸t·µªº°]ª«¡F³oÓ´Ý´cªº§g¤ý©ó¤@¤»¤K¦~¶}©l¦b«H¥õ¤W¢®`¸t¥Á¡A¸T¤î¥LÌÄm²½¡A§ó¦b¸t·µ³]¥ß¨º¥i¼¨ªº¥á´µ°¸¹³¡C¦ý¬O¡A¤W«Ò·|¹w©w´Á¡A¥²©w·´·À¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¡C
²Ä¤Ü¤C¸`ªº¡u¥L¡v«ü²Ä¤Ü¤»¸`ªº¡u¤@¤ý¡v¡A¦Ó³o¤ý¡u¨Ï²½ªÁªº¨ÑÄm¤î®§¡v¡A³]¥ß¨º¦æ·´Ãa¥i¼¨ªº¡A³o¥¿¬O¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@©Ò°µªº¨Æ¡]¤K11¡A¤Q¤@31¡^¡Fµ´¤j³¡¥÷ªº¾ÇªÌ³£©Ó»{³o¨â¬q¸g¤å¤D´y¼g¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¡C
¢½¡@¨Ì¾Ú³o»¡ªk¡]§Y²Ä¥|°ê¬°§Æþ¡^¡A²Ä¤Q¤@³¹¬O¹w¨¥¥Ñªi´µ¦Ü¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¨ÆÂÝ¡]¥]¬A¤Q¤@40-45¡^¡C28²Ä¤Q¤G³¹¤@¦Ü¥|¸`«ü¥X¨º¨Ç¦b¢®`¤¤¹ï¤W«Ò©¾sªº¸t¥Á¡AÁöµM³Q±þ¡A¤´·|´_¬¡±oú¦¥Ã»·¥Í©R¡C²Ä¤Q¤G³¹¤¦Ü¤Q¤T¸`ÄU«jŪªÌ§Ô@¨ì©³¡A¦Ó¦ý¥H²z¦]¹ï¤W«Ò©¾s¡A¦b¥½´Á¥²·|´_¬¡¡A¨É¨ü¤W«Ò©Ò¹w³Æªº²£·~¡C
4 ¨ä¹ê¡A²Ä¤E³¹27¸`¡u¦³©Á«ã¶É¦b¨º¦æ·´Ãaªº¨¤W¡Aª½¨ì©Ò©wªºµ²§½¡v¤]¦^À³²Ä¤K³¹19¸`¡u´o«ãÁ{§¹¥²¦³ªº¨Æ¡A¦]¬°³o¬OÃö¥G¥½«áªº©w´Á¡v¡A¥H¤Î²Ä¤Q¤@³¹¤Ê¤»¸`¡uª½¨ì¥Dªº©Á«ã§¹²¦¡A¦]¬°©Ò©wªº¨Æ¡A¥²µM¦¨´N¡v¡AGurney¡A30.
5 Ibid, 31.
6 ¥j¦C¥»¨Ó¥u²Îªvªi´µÆWªF©¤ªº¤@¤p´T¤g¦a¡A«á¨Ó¦V¦è¦ù©µ¡A¸g¹L¦Ì©Òªi¤j¦Ì¥_³¡¡Aª½¹F¤p¨È¦è¨Èªº§f©³¨È¡]Lydia¡^¡A¸Ó¦a¥»Äݺ¿¥N°ê²ÎºÞ¡A²{«o¥þ³¡¡]¥]¬Aº©²¼»¨f¡^³£¸¨¦b¥j¦C¤âùØ¡F¦b¤p¨È¦è¨È·Rµ^®üªu©¤ªº§Æþ«°¥«¡A¥»¨ÓÄݧf©³¨È©ÒºÞªv¡A³£¦V¥j¦C¦ÚªA¡F°Ñ¤R¾|´µ¡A¥H¦â¦C»P¦C°ê¥v¡]ºØ¬ó¡A1983¡^¡A131-132.
7 ¬d§JÂÄ´£¬OJaxertes¡F°Ñ¥¬¿à¯S¡A¥H¦â¦C¥v¡]¤åÃÀ¡A1971¡^¡A377.
8 ªi´µ¤ý¥Ì«ô¦è¦b¥D«e¤¤G¤¦~§ð¦û¤F®J¤Î¡A¦¬¤Jªi´µ°êªºª©¹Ï¡C
9 Á¤ͤý¡A¨â¬ù¤¤¶¡¥v²¤¡]ºØ¬ó¡A1978¡^¡A59.
10 ¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@´¿¦V¦è¶i§ð¯S©Ô¦è¡]Thrace¡^¡A¤S´ç¦h·êªe§ðÀ»¼Ú¬wªº¦è¥j´£¤H¡]Scythians¡^¡F¥¿¦]¬°¥L¦û»â¤F¯S©Ô¦è¡B°¨¨ä¹y¡B©M¤p¨È¦è¨È¦è©¤ªº§Æþ´Þ¥Á¦a¡A¤~¾ÉP¤é«áªi´µ§Æþ¤§¾Ô¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A59.
11 IBD, 1199¡F°£¤F§Æþªº¤ñù¨¹¥§¦è¡]Peloponese¡^¡A¬G¤Þµo¤F¤ñù¨¹¥§¦è¨È¤§§Ð¡]Peloponnesian
War¡^.
14 ®É¬°¥D«e¥|¤Q¤K¦Ü¥|¤Q¤C¦~¡F¤R¾|´µ¡A250.
15 ¦wªF¥§¡]Antonius¡^©ó¥D«e¤K¤G¦Ü¤T¡³¦~´xÅv¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A345.
16 Gurney, 36; ¤Þ¦ÛB.L.
Montgomery, A History of Warfare¡]Collins, 1968¡^.
17 J.H. Walton, "The Four Kingdoms of
Daniel" JETS 29: 25-36, 35, n.47.
18 Á¨q¶¯¡A155.
19 Anderson, 24; Montgomery, 178.
20 R. Ghirshman, Iran¡]Penguin,
1954¡^, 113.
21 E. Yamanchi, Foes from the
Northern Frontier¡]Baker, 1982¡^, 43.
22 R. Ghirshman, op. cit, 106; E. Yamauchi,
op. cit, 80.
23 Á¨q¶¯¡]182-183¡^»{¬°¡u¯Í»H¡v«üªi´µ°ê¾Ö¦³¾÷°Ê©Êªºx¤O¡A¡u¥|ÀY¡v¬O§¹µ½ªº°ê®a²Õ´©M¬Fµ¦¡C
24 ªi´µ°ê¡]¤×¨ä¬O¥j¦C¡^¥Hµ½«Ý¾Ô±Ñ°ê¹£¦W¡F¡u½î½ñÄZ¸H¡v¥i«ü¨È¾ú¤s¤jªº§Æþ¤Æ¬Fµ¦¡FÁ¨q¶¯187.
25 J.H. Walton, op. cit.¡]32-33¡^«Øij§â¡u¤Q¨¤¡v¸Ñ§@¨È¾ú¤s¤j¦º«á§Æþ°ê¤g©Ò¤À¬°ªº¤QÓ°Ï°ì¡]¥Ñ¥|Ó±Nx²ÎºÞ¡^¡A¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@´¿«I¦û©ÎºÞÁÒ¤F¤TÓ°Ï¡A¬G§â¡u¤T¨¤¡v©Þ¥X¡C
26 Á¨q¶¯¡A187-188.
28 µ§ªÌ¤£ÃÙ¦¨§â²Ä¤Q¤@1-39µø§@¨Æ±¡µo¥Í«áªº°O¸ü¡A¬é¬O¥Î¹w¨¥ªº§Î¦¡¼g¦¨¡]vatcinia
ex eventu¡^¡A§ó¤£¦P·N²Ä40-45¸`¬O¤£·Ç½Tªº¹w¨¥¡F¦³Ãö¦¹¤è±ªº°Q½×¡A½Ð°Ñ²Ä¤Q¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹ªºÁ`µ²¡C
¡]¥|¡^§Æþ¬£¬Ýªkªºµû¦ô
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2.¤Ñ¨Ï¦b²Ä¤K³¹«ü¥X¤½ºø¦Ï»P¤½¤s¦Ï¤D«üªi´µ©M§Æþ¡A¦ÓÃö©ó¦¹¨â°êªº²§¶H¤D¬O¡u¥½«áªº²§¶H¡v¡]17¸`¡^¡A¥H¤Î¡uÃö©ó¥½«áªº©w´Á¡v¡]20¸`¡^¡A¦pªG³o¨â°ê¥u¬O²Ä¤G©M²Ä¤T°ê¡A²Ä¤K³¹ªº²§¶H«ç·|»¡¬OÃö¥G¥½«áªº¨Æ©O¡H29
3.¤Ñ¨Ï¦b²Ä¤K³¹²M·¡«ü¥X¡u¤p¨¤¡v´N¬O¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¡A¥Lªº¯SÂI´N¬O(a)¦Û°ª¦Û¤j§ðÀ»¤W«Ò¡]25¸`¡^¡F(b)¢®`¸t¥Á¡B¦Ã©¸t©Ò¡A°£±¼±`Ämµ¹¤W«Òªº²½¨Ñ¡A¡]11¡B13¸`¡^¡F(c)¦Ó²Ä¤Q¤@³¹«h¥[¤W¡u³]¥ß¨º¦æ·´Ãa¥i¼¨¡vªº¥á´µ¯«¹³¡]¤Q¤@31¡^¡C
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4.¦³¾ÇªÌ«ü¥X¦´ÁµS¤Ó¤Hªº§@«~©M±Ð¤÷³£»{¬°²Ä¥|°ê¬Où°¨44
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¨ä¹ê¡A¦¤w¦³³\¦hºÖµ¬£¾ÇªÌ«ü¥X²Ä¥|°ê¤D¬O§Æþ¡C46
29 J.H. Walton, op. cit., 36.
30 ¥i¤ñ¸ûJ. Goldingay, How to Read the Bible¡]Oliphants,
1977¡^, 125.
32 ¤R¾|´µ¡A126-132.
33 R. Gurney, "The
34 Aemilius Sura; °ÑG. Hasel,
op. cit., 19.
35 Fourth Sibylline Oracle; °ÑD.
Flusser, "The Four Empires in the Fourth Sibyl and in the Book of
Daniel" Israel Oriental Studies¡]1972¡^2: 148-175.
36 J.H. Walton, op. cit., 34.
37 J. Goldingay, "The Book of Daniel:
Three Issues" Themelios¡]1977¡^2: 45-49, 47.
38 J. McDowell, 67.
39 "À³Åç"¡]fulfilment¡^©M"§¹¦¨"¡]consummation¡^.
40 «ä°ª¡A74.
41 Young, 293.
42 ñK¬±°x¡A"¹ê¥Î¬ù¸Ñ¸gªk"¡Aªì¼ô¤§ªG¡]¤¤¯«¡A1979¡^¡A12-15¡C¦³Ãö§Ú̬O§_¥i¥H¥é®Ä·s¬ù§@ªÌ¸ÑÄÀ¬ùªº¤èªk¡A°ÑR.N. Longenecker, "Who is the Prophet Talking About? Some Reflections
on the New Testament's Use of the Old" Themelios,¡]1987¡^1: 4-8,
7-8; R.N. Longnecker, "
43 R.T. France, Jesus and the Old
Testament¡]Tyndale, 1971¡^, 72-73.
44 J.H. Walton, 26-27; B.S. Childs,
Introduction to the Old Testament¡]Fortress, 1978¡^, 619.
¡]¤¡^¬°¬Æ»ò²{¤µªººÖµ¬£¾ÇªÌ¤£ÃÙ¦P²Ä¥|°ê¬O§Æþ¡H
³Ì¥Dnªºì¦]¤D¬O»{¬°²Ä¥|°ê¬O§Æþªº¾ÇªÌ¦h¼Æ¬Û«H¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¬O¥D«e²Ä¤G¥@¬öªº§@«~¡F³o¬O³\¦hºÖµ¬£¾ÇªÌ©Ò¤£¯à±µ¨üªº¡]°Ñ¥»®Ñªº¡uºü½×¡v¡^¡C
¨ä¹ê¡A¤@Ó±µ¨ü¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¬O¼g©ó¥D«e²Ä¤»¥@¬öªº¾ÇªÌ¥i¥H¦P®ÉÔÃÙ¦P²Ä¥|°ê¬O§Æþ¡A¨âªÌ¨Ã¤£½Ä¬ð¡C47
¥t¤@¤è±¡A¦³¤@¨ÇºÖµ¬£ªº¾ÇªÌ¬Û«H²Ä¥|°ê¤D«ü§Æþ¡A¥H¤Î¥»®Ñ¤D¬O¦b¥D«e²Ä¤G¥@¬ö©Ò¼g¡A¤£¬O¦]¬°¥Ļ_©w¸t¸gªº¹w¨¥¡A¥u¬Oı±o¥»®Ñªº«H®§»P¥D«e²Ä¤G¥@¬öµS¤Ó¤Hªº¸g¾ú¦³§ó±K¤ÁªºÃö«Y¡FÁ|¥@»D¦Wªº¤R¾|´µ«K¬O¤@Ó¥Nªí¤Hª«¡C
µ§ªÌ¦b¥»µùÄÀ¤º¡A±Ä¯Ç¤F¶Ç²Îªº¸ÑÄÀ¡F¦ý¬O¡A§ÚÌÀ³¸Ó«·s«ä·Q§Æþ¬£ªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A¤ÀªR¥¦ªºªøµu¡A¬Ý¬Ý¬O§_¥i¥H³Q±µ¯Ç¡C
µL½×²Ä¥|°ê¬O§Æþ©Î¬Où°¨¡A³Ì«nªº¤D¬OÂÔ°O¦]¬°°ò·þ¹D¦¨¦×¨¡A¡u§Ṳ́w¶i¤J¤F¤@Ó·sªº®É¥N¡A´N¬O¤@Ó¥½¥@©Êªº±ÏÅ«®É¥N¡A³o®É¥N¬O¨Ó¥@»P¤µ¥@ªº«Å|¡A¬O¤µ¥@ªº²×§½¶¥¬q¡A¤]¬O·s¥Íªº§Ç¹õ¡C°ò·þ®{³£À³¦³¦¹¯S¦³ªº®É¥N·P¡A¨Ï§Ṳ́£¥Ì§@Ó´¶³q¤H¡A±Ä¯Ç´¶³q¤Hªº»ùÈÆ[©M¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¡v¡C48
47 ©úÅ㪺¨Ò¤l¦³R. Gurney©MW.H. Walton.
48 ¦ó¾G·R·u¡A¡u®ÉÔº¡¨¬¡v¡A¼½¹D¯«¾Ç°|°|°T¡]1988¡^¤G¤ë¡A2.
°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø
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¤G¡B¤¤¤å®Ñ¥Z
¤T¡BÂø»x¡]^¤å¡^
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¤@¡B^¤å®Ñ¥Z
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