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¥H¤W³oºØºë²Óªº¤Àªk¬O¸g¹L¬ã¨s¦Ó±oªº¡A¦ý¨º¨Ã¥¼±N¥»³¹¤º®e¤À³Î¬°¤ùÂ_¡A¥u±N¤º®e¤Ï¬M¤£¦Pªº¤é´Á¥[¥H¤ÀªR¡A»¡©ú«H®§¬O³sÄòªº¡C365
¥»³¹ªº»y½Õ¬Æ¦hÃÕ¨ë¡A¦b¬ù¥ýª¾µÛ§@¤¤¡A½×¥~¨¹ªº¹w¨¥¡A±`¦³³o¼Ëªº¤f§k¡A¦p¨ºÂE®Ñ½×¨Èz¥§¥§À²¡]ÂE¤G6¡A¤T6¡B8¡B13¡B15-19¡^¡A¥HÁɨȮѽפڤñÛ¡]ÁÉ¥|¤Q¤»¡A¥|¤Q¤C³¹¡^¡A¦b¥»®Ñ½×®J¤Î¡]¥|¤Q¤»7¡B8¡B15-17¡^¡C³q±`©ÒÃը몺¬O¥~¨¹¯«¡]ÁÉ¥|¤Q¤»1¡B2¡FC¥|¤Q¤»15¡^¡B§g¤ý¡]¥|¤Q¤»17¡^¡A»¡¥L̪ºµL¯à¡C¤S¤Þz¥L̸رiªºÅº¶Æ¸Ü¡]ÁÉ¥|¤Q¤C7¡B8¡B10¡FC¥|¤Q¤»8¡^¡A¹w¨¥¥L̪º²Û°d¡]ÂE¤T5¡FÁÉ¥|¤Q¤C3¡^¡C
¦b³o¤@³¹¡A¥L̪º¯«©ú°ò©Ùn³Q¾Û¥h¡]7¸`¡^¡Aúò¨S¦³¹³®J¤Îªº¯«¡]Apis¤¤Ä¶µü¬°¡u§§¤h¡v¡^¨º¼Ë³Q©G¶A¡]¥|¤Q¤»15¡^¡A¤]¨S¦³¹³¤Ú¤ñÛªº¯«©¼°Ç»P¥§ªi¨ü²Û°d¡]ÁÉ¥|¤Q¤»1¡B2¡^¡C¼¯©ã¤ý¨S¦³³Q´£¤Î¡A¼¯©ãªºx¤Húò»·¹C©ó¤Ú¤ñÛ¡]°ÑÁÉ¥|¤Q¤C7¡^¡C¥LÌúò¹L¤À¦Û«H¦w¶h¡]11¸`¡^¡C¼¯©ã¨ü°d¬O¥²µMªº¡]18¸`¡^¡A¦¨¬°¯º¬`¡]39¸`¡^¡C¥L̪º«sºE¬O¥²·|¦³ªº¡]3¡B4¡B20¡B39¸`¡^¡A¥LÌ¥²¦³¦h¤H°kÃø¬y®ö¡]19¡B28¡B44¡B45¸`¡^¡C¼¯©ã¼Ä¾×C©MµØ¡]42¸`¡^¡AC©MµØ¥²·´·À¥LÌ¡]12¡B38¡B44¸`¡^¡C¥LÌ¥H«eÃÕ¯º¥H¦â¦C¡]27¸`¡^¡A²{¦b¥L̦ۤv³Q¤HÃÕ¯º¤F¡]26¸`¡^¡C¥L̪ºÅº¶Æ¡]29¡B30¸`¡^¡A¤é«á¥²¤@µL©Ò¦³¡C
¥»³¹´£°_³\¦h¦a¦W¡A¤]¨Ñµ¹¤£¤Ö¦a²z¸ê®Æ¡C¦³ªº¤w¸g¦Ò¥jµo²{¥i¥H½T©w¡A¦ý¦³ªº½T¥¼¯àÃÒ¹ê¡C
362 E.W. Nicholson, The Book of the
Prophet Jeremiah Chapters 28-52, 1975, 177.
363 Josephus, Antiquities,
x.9,7.
364 W.F. Albright®Ñµû¡GR.H.
Pfeiffer, "Introduction to the O.T." Journal of Biblical
Literature, 61 (1942), 119.
365 William L.
1.±Ñ¤`ªº©R¹B¦b§Y¡]¥|¤Q¤K1-10¡^
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±N¯Í»Hµ¹¼¯©ã¡A¨Ï¥L¦p¸³¾¥i¥H°k¹P¡C¦ý¡u¯Í»H¡v¤@µüì·N¬°¡u¸Ë¹¢¡v©Î¡u¯ÝÃh¡v¡A·íµM¦b¸ÑÄÀ¤è±¦³§xÃø¡C¦pªG¯Í»H¸¥h´N¸û¬°¦X²z¡C¦ý¬O¡u¯Í»H¡v¬O«á´Á§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªº²[¸q¡A¬°¨C¤@¬q©Ò±µ¨ü¡C
¥t¤@Ó¥i¯àªºÄ¶µü¡Aº¥ý¬°±Ô§Q¨ÈĶ¥»©Ò´£¨Ñªº¡C¡u¥L¦b¯î¼o¤§¦aÂ÷¶}¡v¡C¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»ªº»y®ð¤]¬Û§Ï¡C©Ò¥H¦³´XºØ^¤å·sĶ¥»¡]¦pJerusalem Bible, New English Bible, New American Bible¡^¤]±Ä¥Î¡A¡u¸¥h¡v¨Æ¹ê¤Wì¤å¨ÃµL¡u¸¡v¦r¡A¥u¬O¡u¥X¥h¡v¡C380
¡u¯Í»H¡v¤@µü¡A¦pªG°Ñ·Ó¯Q®æ§Q¤å¡A¥i§@¡uÆQ¡v¡C381·Óú¦¥j®É¾Ôª§ªº±¡§Î¡A·í¼Äx·´Ãa¤@«°¤§«á¡A´N¼»¤WÆQ¡Aªí©ú¬O¥Ã¤[ªº·´·À¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¤h®v°O¤E³¹¥|¤Q¤¸`¡C382
µ¹¼¯©ãÆQ¦a¡A¦b·´Ãa¤¤¥L¥u±oÂ÷¥h¡A¥Ñ·´·À¦Ü¯îû¹¡A¦b·N¸q¤W¦ü¥G§ó¬°³s³e¡C
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Q¸`¡@¡uÃi´k¬°C©MµØ¦æ¨Æªº¡A¥²¨ü©G¶A¡C¸T¤î¤M¼C¤£¸g¦åªº¡A¥²¨ü©G¶A¡C¡v
¥»¸`¬°´²¤å¡C¦b«e´X¸`ªº¸Ö¤å¡A¬ðµM¦³¤F´²¤å¡A¬O¥O¤Hª`·Nªº¡C¦ý²[¸qúò¬O¤Q¤À²M·¡¡C«I²¤ªÌ¬J¬°C©MµØ¼f§Pªº¤u¨ã¡A¥²¶·¨³³t¦Ó¥B¹ý©³¨Ó°õ¦æ¡A¤£¥iÃi´k¡A¤£®e¿ð©µ¡A§K±o¾D¨ü©G¶A¡C
366 Edward D. Grohman, "
367 Edward D. Grohman,
"Nebo", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 3, 528;
Arnulf Kuschke, "Jeremiah 48:1-8, Zugleich ein Beitra/g zur historischen Topographie
Moabs", Verbannung und Heimkehr, Beitra/ge zur Geschichte und Theologic Israels
im 6, und 5, Jahrhundert v. chr., Wilhelm Rudolph zum 60 Geburstage, ed. Arhulf Kuschke; 1961,
188.
368 Edward D. Grohman,
"Kiriathaim", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 3,
37; Nelson Glueck, Explorations in
369 James Pritchard, The
Ancient Near Eastern Text, 320-321; Moabite Stone, 1, 15.
370 Moabite Stone 1, 10.
371 Paul Volz, Der Prophet
Jeremia, 1928.
372 Siegfried H. Horn,
"Heshbon", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, Supplement,
410-411.
373 Arnulf Kuschke,
"Jeremia 48:1-8..." op. cit., 181-196, esp. 185.
374 Edward D. Grohman,
"Diman", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 1, 843.
A.H. Van Zy 1, The Moabites, 80 and notes 4, 5. Jerome, Usque hodie
indifferenter et Dimon hoc oppidulum dictur, cited in Wilhelm Rudolph
Jeremia, 1968, 274.
375 Willie Schottroff,
"Horonaim, Nimrim, Luhith und der Westrand des ~Landes Ataroth" Ein Beitrag zur historischen
Topographie des Landes
376 J. Penrose Harland,
"Zoar", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 4, 962;
Rudolph, op. cit., 287.
377 Siegfried Mittmann,
"The Ascent of Luhith", Studies in the History of Archaeology of
378 Ugaritic Texts 5,
7.36, 10.l,5.
379 Ronald J. William,
"Moabite Stone", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 3,
420. Mesha inscription Line 17. Walter Beyerlin, Near Eastern Texts Relating
to the Old Testament, 1978, 236-40; John Gray "Chemosh", The
Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 1, 556.
380 William L.
381 W.L. Moran, "Ugaritic
s|^su^ma and Hebrew s]i^s", Biblica 39 (1958) 69-71.
382 S. Gerwitz, "
2.ź¶Æ¦Û«î¥²®ø¥¢¡]¥|¤Q¤K11-17¡^
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°s¨S¦³±q³o²~˦b¨º²~¡A¥u©ñ¦b¨ºùؼá²M¡A¤£¦hÅÍ°Ê¡A¥HP°s¨ý¥¼´²¡C385¨ä¹ê³o¥u¬Oµu¼Èªº¡C¼¯©ã¤@¦V¦w¶h¡A¥¦wµL¨Æ¡A¦n¦ü°sÂ\¦b¨ºùؤ£°Ê¡C¥L̨S¦³¹³¥H¦â¦CµS¤j¨º»ò¦h¨a¬o¡C³q±`¦³«I²¤ªÌ¨Ó¶i¥Ç¤Ú°Ç¤h©Z¡A¼¯©ã¤£¨ü²o³s¡C©Ò¥H¦b¼¯©ãªº¾ú¥v¤W©l²×¬O¦w¶hªº¡A¦ý¬O³oºØ±¡§Î²{¦b´N·|§ïÅÜ¡C
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Q¤G¸`¡@¡uC©MµØ»¡¡A¤é¤l±N¨ì¡A§Ú¥²¥´µoË°sªº©¹¥L¨ºùØ¥h¡A±N¥LË¥X¨Ó¡A˪ťLªº¾¹¥×¡A¥´¸H¥Lªºý·¤l¡C¡v
Ë°sªº¬O«ü«I²¤ªÌ¡A¤Ú¤ñÛ°õ¦æË°sªº¨Æ¡C±N¥LË¥X¨Ó¡A¬O±N¥L̾۱°¥X¨Ó¡A±a¨ì¥~¦a¡A¦Ó¥B±Nªºý·¤l§¹¥þ¥´¸H¡A¤£®e¥L̦A¦³¦w¶hªº¤é¤l¡C¥H©¹ªº¥¦w´N¤£¦A¦³¤F¡C
¼¯©ã¦n¹³C¸ô¼»§Nªº©~¥Á¡A¥L̹L¤À¦Û«H¡A¦n¦ü°s¦b´í·º¤W¼á²Mªº¡A¥L̤ßùØ»¡¡GC©MµØ¥²¤£°ºÖ¡A¤]¤£°º×¡C¦ý¬O²×©ó¨aº×Á{¨ì¡A¨Ï¥L̵Lªk¦A¦w¶h¤U¥h¡C
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²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Q¤T¸`¡@¡u¼¯©ãªº¦]°ò©Ù²Û·\¡A¹³¥H¦â¦C®a±q«eʾa§B¯S§Qªº¯«²Û·\¤@¼Ë¡C¡v
¼¯©ãì¥H¥L̪º¯«©ú°ò©Ù¬°ºa¡A±`¸ØÄ£°ò©Ù¬@±Ï¥L̲æÂ÷¤@¤Áªº¨aº×¡C¦ý¬O²{¦b·í¤Ú¤ñÛ¨Ó«I¡A¥L̵Lªk±q«H¥õ°ò©Ù¦Ó±o¸Ñ²æ¡C¦b³oºØ±¡§Î¤§¤¤¡A¥L̪ºÅº¶Æ¦¨¬°²Û·\¡A¦]¬°¥L̹ý©³¥¢±æ¤F¡C
¥H¦â¦C®aʾa§B¯S§Qªº¯«¡C쬰§B¯S§Q¡A¥LÌʾa§B¯S§Q¡A§B¯S§Q¥²¬O¥N´À¯«ªº¦W¡C³o¤£·|¬O«üC©MµØ¡A¦Ó¬O¥H¦â¦C¥H¥~ªº¯«¡A¦b¾F¨¹³o¼Ëªº»¡ªk·¥¬°´¶¹M¡A¨Èzªº¥H¼»«¢¹y¡]Esarhaddon¡^»P±Àùªº¤Ú¤O¡A¦b¤Ú¤ñÛ¤]¦³¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦³µS¤Óªº¦W¦r¡C386¸t¸g¤¤¥i¨Ñ°Ñ¦Òªº¦³³Ð¥@°O¤Ê¤³¹¤C¸`¡C§B¯S§Qì·N¬°¯«ªº·µ¡A¥H·µ§@¬°¯«¡A¤]¬O°g«H¡C§B¯S§Q¤S¦¨¬°¸t©Ò¤§«°¡A¦³¤H¦]¦¹±N«°·í§@¯«©ú¡A»P·q«ôC©MµØªº¨Æ²V¬°¤@½Í¡A³£¦¨¬°²V¦X©v±Ð¤£·íªº°g«H¡C°g«HªÌ¥²»X²Û¡A¦]¬°¥LÌ©Òʾaªº¬OµêµLªº¡C
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Q¥|¦Ü¤Q¤¸`¡@¡u§AÌ«ç»ò»¡¡A§Ú̬O«i¤h¡A¬O¦³«i¤O¥´¥Mªº©O¡H¼¯©ãÅܬ°¯î³õ¡A¼Ä¤H¤W¥h¶i¤F¥Lªº«°¨¶¡C¥L©Ò¯S¿ïªº¤Ö¦~¤H¡A¤U¥h¾D¤F±þ¼®¡C³o¬O§g¤ý¦W¬°C©MµØ»¡ªº¡C¡v
¦b¥ýª¾ªº«H®§¤¤¡A¨º¨Ç©Ò¿×«i¤h¡A¦³«i¤Oªº¤H¡A¥H¤Î¯S¿ïªº¤Ö¦~¤H¡A³£³Q±þ¼®¡AˤU¡A«ÍÅé¥ñ¦a¡C¦]¦¹¾Ô¨Æ§¹¥þ¥¢±Ñ¡C
¤Q¤¸`·Óì¤åª½Ä¶¡G¡u¼¯©ã©M¥L«°¨¶ªº·´ÃaªÌ¤@¤W¨Ó¡K¡K¡v¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¥¼Ä¶¥X¡u¤W¨Ó¡v¡G¡u¼¯©ã©M¥Lªº«°¨¶¤@¨Ö³Q·´·À¡K¡K¡v¡C¯S¿ïªº¤Ö¦~¤H´N˦b±þ¼®ªÌ±«e¡C
³o¬O¸Ux¤§C©MµØ»¡ªº¡AC
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Q¤»¦Ü¤Q¤C¸`¡@¡u¼¯©ãªº¨a¬oÁ{ªñ¡A¥LªºWÃø³t³t¨Ó¨ì¡C¤Z¦b¥L¥|³òªº©M»{ÃÑ¥L¦Wªº¡A§A̳£n¬°¥L´d¶Ë»¡¡A¨ºµ²¹êªº§ú¡A©M¨º¬ü¦nªº´Ò¡A¦ó³º§éÂ_¤F©O¡H¡v
¨a¬o¡A¦b¤Q¤K³¹¤Q¤C¸`¦³»¡©ú¡C³o¤@¸`¡]16¸`¡^¡A¥iÁp·Q¥Ó©R°O¤Ê¤G³¹¤Ê¤¸`¡G¡u¥LÌ¥¢¸}ªº®ÉÔ¡A¦ùüR³øÀ³¦b§Ú¡A¦]¥L̾D¨aªº¤é¤lªñ¤F¡A¨ºnÁ{¦b¥L̨¤Wªº¡A¥²³t³t¨Ó¨ì¡C¡v
¦]¼¯©ãªº±Ñ¤`¡A¾F¨¹¬°¥L´d¶Ë¡A·Q°_¼¯©ã¥H«eªººaµØ¡Cµ²¹êªº§ú¡Aì·N¬°±o³ÓªºÅv§ú¡A¸Ö½g¤@¤@¡³½g¤G¸`§@¡u¯à¤Oªº§ú¡v¡A¦b¤³¼Ä¤¤´xÅv¡C¯à¤Oì·N¬°¡u±o³Ó¡v¡A¦b¸Ö½g¤»¤Q¤K½g¤Ü¤K¸`¡A¥H¦â¦Cªº¡u¯à¤O¡v¡A¬OC©MµØ©Ò½çªº¡C387¦¹¥~¡A¸Ö½g¤Ü¤@½g¤@¸`¡A¤Ü¤E½g¤Q¤@¸`¡A¤»¤Q¤K½g¤Ê¥|¸`¡A¤K¤Q¤E½g¤Q¤C¸`¡A¤@¤@¡³½g¤G¸`¡A³£¦³¦P¼Ëªº²[¸q¡C388¾F¨¹´¿¨ü¼¯©ãªº¼vÅT¡]¤Ü¤C3¡F¤ý¤U¤@1¡A¤T4¡B5¡A¤Ü¥|2¡^¡C
383 James F. Ross, "Wine", The
Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 4,
384 William A. Irwin, "An
Ancient Biblical Text", American Journal of Semitic Languages 48
(1931/32) 184-193.
385 David J.
386 Otto Eissfeldt, "Der
Gott Bethel", Archiv fu/r Religionswissenschaft 28 (1930) 1-80, J. Philip Hyatt, "
387 William F. Albright,
"A Catalogue of Early Hebrew Lyric Poems (Psalm Lxviii)",
388 Mitchel Dahood, Psalms
I, 131, 180; Psalms II, 152, 315; Psalms III, 115.
3.«°¨¶¥²¹ð¾D·´Ãa¡]¥|¤Q¤K18-28¡^
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©³¥»¦b¦º®ü¥HªF¤Ü
ź¶Æªº¤ý±qºaÄ£ªºÄ_®y¤W¤U¨Ó¡A§¤¦b¦Ç¹Ð¤¤¡A¬O¦b¥HÁɨȮѥ|¤Q¤C³¹¤@¸`¡C¦ý¦¹³B§¤¨ü°®´÷¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¦b¦Ç¹Ð¤¤¡A²[¸qÁÙ¬O¬Û¦P¡C
´L¶Qªº¤ý¤U¨Ó¡A°¬°¨õ¤U¡C¤³¼Äúò¤W¨Ó¡A¬I¦æ·´·À¡C¤W¨Ó»P¤U¨Ó¡A¤GªÌ¦¨¬°¦y¾Uªº¹ï¤ñ¡C¥i°Ñ¦Ò¤Q³¹¤Q¤C¸`¡C
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Q¤E¸`¡@¡u¦í¨ÈùҪºªü¡An¯¸¦b¹D®ÇÆ[±æ¡A°Ý°kÁתº¨k¤H©M°k²æªº¤k¤H»¡¡A¬O¤°»ò¨Æ©O¡H¡v
¨ÈùҦb©³¥»ªF«n¤¤½ù¡A¦b1960¦~¥N¦Ò¥jªºµo²{¡C³o«°¦b¨È¹àªe²`¨¦ªº¥_Ãä¡C390
¦b¤h®v°O¤Q¤@³¹¤Q¤K¡B¤Q¤E¸`¡A©³¥»¬O¦b¨È¼¯§Q°êªº«n¤èÃä¹Ò¡C¦í¨ÈùҪº¤H¦b¨ºùجݨ£¤j§å°kÃøªº¨k¤k·W±i¦a¨«¹L¡AÁÙ¦b°Ý¥L̵o¥Í¤°»ò¨Æ¡C¨a¬o¨Ó¨ì¡A³ºµM²@µLĵı¡A¥i¨£º×±w¬O¬ðµM¨Ó¨ìªº¡C
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤G¤Q¸`¡@¡u¼¯©ã¦]·´Ãa»X²Û¡A§AÌn«s¸¹©I³Û¡An¦b¨È¹à®Ç³ø§i»¡¡A¼¯©ãÅܬ°¯î³õ¡C¡v
¥»¸`ªº²[¸q¤Q¤À²M·¡¡A¦ýµ²ºcúò¬Æ¬°¯S§O¡C¦pªG³o¬O°kÃøªÌªºµª»y¡A¡u§AÌn¡v¬O½Öµo¨¥¡A¹ï¶H¬O½Ö¡H²Ä¤@¥y¸Ü¥i§@¬°°kÃøªÌ¦^µª¡A±µú¦°Ý¸ÜªÌ»¡¡G¡u§AÌn«s¸¹©I³Û¡A¥Bn¦b¨È¹à®Ç³ø§i¡C¡v³o¼Ëªº¸ÑÄÀ¸û¬°¦X²z¡C
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Ü¤@¦Ü¤Ü¤G¸`¡@¡u¦D»@Á{¨ì¥ì¤§¦aªº¦óÛ¡B¶®Âø¡B¦Ìªk©ã¡B©³¥»¡B¥§ªi¡B§B§C¤ñ©Ô¤Óµ¡C¡v
¥ì¤§¦a¡A¦b²Ä¤K¸`¤w¦³¸ÑÄÀ¡C
¦óÛ¥u¦b¦¹³B´£¤Î¡A¦aÂI¤£¯à½T©w¡C
¶®Âø¡A¤]¦b¥Á¼Æ°O¤Ü¤@³¹¤Ü¤T¸`¤Î¥»³¹¤Ê¥|¸`´£¤Î¡A¥i¯à¦b©³¥»»P¦Ì¦a¤Ú¤§¶¡ªº¥Dnªº¤j¹D¤W¡A391¦aÂI¤]¦P¼Ë¤£¯à½T©w¡C
¦Ìªk©ã¥i¯à¦bªü°Ò¡]Amman¡^¤§«n
©³¥»¦b¤Q¤K¸`¡A¥§ªi¦b¤@¸`¡C
§B§C¤ñ©Ô¤Óµ¡A¥i¯à¬O¥Á¼Æ°O¤Ê¤T³¹¥|¤Q¤»¡B¥|¤Q¤C¸`ªº§C¤ñ©Ô¤Ó®Ñ¡C393
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Ü¤T¦Ü¤Ü¥|¸`¡@¡u°ò¦C«F¡B§B{¥½¡B§B¦Ì®¦¡B¥[²¤¡Bªi´µ©Ô©M¼¯©ã¦a»·ªñ©Ò¦³ªº«°¨¶¡C¡v
§B{¥½¦b©³¥»¤§ªF
§B¦Ì®¦¦b¥Á¼Æ°O¤Ê¤G³¹¤Ê¤K¸`¬°¤Ú¤O§K¡A¦b¬ù®Ñ¨È°O¤Q¤T³¹¤Q¤C¸`¬°§B¤Ú¤O«j¡C395
¥[²¤¦bªü¼¯¥q®Ñ¤G³¹¤G¸`¡A¥i¯à¦b¨º®É¬°¨Ê«°¡C396
ªi´µ©Ô¦b¦¹³B¡A»P¥HªFªºªi´µ©Ô¦³§O¡]¥|¤Q¤E13¡^¡C³o«°¥i¯à´N¬O¤ñ±x¡]®Ñ¤G¤Q8¡A¤Ü¤@36¡^¡A¤ñ±x¦b¦Ì¦a©ÔªF¥_
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Ü¤¸`¡@¡u¼¯©ãªº¨¤¬åÂ_¤F¡A¼¯©ãªº»HÁu§éÂ_¤F¡A³o¬OC©MµØ»¡ªº¡C¡v
¨¤»P»HÁu³£ªí¼x¤O¶q¡A¨¤¬°¤O¶q¡A§ó¬°©úÅã¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¸Ö½g¤Q¤K½g¤G¸`¤Î¤C¤Q¤½g¤Q¸`¡C¨¤¤]¥i§@¤}¸Ñ¡A¦b®J¤Î§Æþ¤Î©Ô¤B¤å¾Ç¤¤³£¦³³oºØ¶H¼x¡C398¦b¥|¤Q¤E³¹¤Ê¤¸`¡G¡u§Ú¥²§éÂ_¥HÄd¤Hªº¤}¡C¡v¦ó¦èªü®Ñ¤@³¹¤¸`¡G¡u§Ú¥²¦bC´µ¦C¥ì§éÂ_¥H¦â¦Cªº¤}¡C¡v
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Ü¤»¸`¡@¡u§AÌn¨Ï¼¯©ã¨I¾K¡A¦]¥L¦VC©MµØ¸Ø¤j¡A¥Ln¦b¦Û¤v©Ò¦R¤§¤¤¥´ºu¡A¤Sn³Q¤H¶á¯º¡C¡v
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¡u¥Ln¦b¦Û¤v©Ò¦R¤§¤¤¥´¾@¡C¡v¡u¥´¾@¡v¤@µü¦³¤£¦Pªº¸ÑÄÀ¡Cì·N¬°¡u´é·¸¡v¡A399³o¤]¥iĶ¬°¡u©ç¥´¡v¡A©ç¤â©Î©ç»L¡A¦p¦b¥Á¼Æ°O¤Ü¥|³¹¤Q¸`¡FC§Q¦Ì«sºq¤G³¹¤Q¤¸`¡FC§Q¦Ì®Ñ¤Ê¤@³¹¤Q¤E¸`¡Aªí¥Ü¥Í®ð¡B®¬«ë¡B¾Ò´oµ¥ªº±¡ºü¡C400¥L̦¨¬°§O¤Hªº¯º¬`¡A³Q¤H¶á¯º¡C
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Ü¤C¸`¡@¡u¼¯©ãªü¡A§A¤£´¿¶á¯º¥H¦â¦C»ò¡H¥L°Z¬O¦b¸é¤¤¬d¥X¨Óªº©O¡H§A¨C³{´£¨ì¥L«K·nÀY¡C¡v
³o¥y°Ý¸Ü¬O×Ã㪺°ÝÃD¡A¤£»ÝµªÂСA¦]¬°¥L̶᯺¥H¦â¦C¤H¬O¥ó¨Æ¹ê¡AµL¥i§_»{¡A¥H¦â¦C¤@ª½¦¨¬°¥L̪º¯º¬`¡C¥H¦â¦C¦n¦ü¤@Ó³Qµo²{ªº¤p°½¨ü»@¡A¨Ï¼¯©ã¤@´£¨ì¡A¥u¦³·nÀY»´µø¡A¸é³Q®»®³¬O¤Q¤ÀÃø³ôªº¨Æ¡A°Ñ¦Ò¤G³¹¤Ü¤»¸`¡C
¼¯©ã»´µø¥H¦â¦C¡A¦b¦èµf¶®®Ñ¤G³¹¤K¡B¤Q¸`¡A¤]³£¦³¨£ÃÒ¡C¦ý¬O²{¦b¥L̳o¨Ç¶á¯º¤Hªº¡A¨ü¤H¶á¯º¤F¡C
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Ü¤K¸`¡@¡u¼¯©ãªº©~¥Áþ¡AnÂ÷¶}«°¨¶¡A¦í¦b¤s±VùØ¡A¹³ÂF¤l¦b²`²W¤f¤W·fºÛ¡C¡v
¥LÌ°k¨ì¤s±V¥hÁ×Ãø¼È©~¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¥|³¹¤Ü¤E¸`¡CÂF¤l¦b¥»®Ñ¤¤¥u¦¹³B´£¤Î¡C¦b²`²W¤f¤W·fºÛ¡A¬O¤@ºØ¤Q¤ÀµL©`ªº±¡§Î¡C¤j¬ù¦b¨È¹à¨¦ªº®l¨¦¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¨ÈùҪº¦aÂI»P³B¹Ò¡A´¿¦³¨k¤k°kÃøªº¤H¡AÁ×Ãøªº±¡§Î¤@©w·¥¬°·W¶Ã»PÅåÄß¡C
389 Chester C. McCown, "Dibon",
The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 840-841; Eleanor K. Vogel,
Bibliography of Holy Land Sites. Offprint form Hebrew Union College Annual
42 (1971) 26-27; Eleanor K. Vogel and Brooks Holtzclaw, Bibliography of the
Holy Land Sites Part III (1970-81) offprint from Hebrew Union College Annual
52 (1981), 26.
390 William H. Morton,
"Aroer", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 1,
230-231, Nelson Glueck, "Explorations in Eastern Palestine, I", Annual
of American School of Oriental Research 14 (1933/34). 49-50; William G.
Dever, "Aroer", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, Supplement,
55, Edward D. Grohman, "Arnon", The Interpreter's Dictionary of
the Bible, 1, 230.
391 Roland de Vaux,
"Notes d~histoire et de topographie
transiordaniennes", Viure de Penser 1 (1940) 20; J. Andrew Dearman,
"The Location of Jahaz", Zeitschrift des deutschen Pala/stina vereins, 100 (1984) 122-126.
392 Edward D. Grohman,
"Mephaath", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 3, 350
Robert G. Boling and G. Ernest Wright, Joshua, 1982, 494.
393 Wilhelm Rudolph, Jeremia,
1968, 285, Edward D. Grohman, "Almon-diblathaim", The
Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 1, 86.
394 Edward D. Grohman,
"Beth-gamul", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 1,
393.
395 Edward D. Grahman,
"Baal-meon", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 1,
332.
396 Arnulfkuschke, "Das
Deutsche Evangelische Institut fu/r Altertumswissenchaft des
Heiligen Landes, Lehrkursus 1959", Zeitschrift des deutsachen
Pala/stina Vereins 76 (1960) 23.
397 Wilhelm Rudolph, Jeremia,
285.
398 Bernard Couroyer,
"Corne et arc", Revue Biblique 73 (1966) 510-521; Yigael
Yadin, The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands, 1963, 7.
399 Godfrey R. Driver,
"Difficult Words in the Hebrew Prophets", Studies in Old Testament
Prophecy, Presented to Theodore H. Robinson, ed. Harold H. Rowley, 1950,
61-62.
4.¬°¼¯©ã°Û¥X«sºq¡]¥|¤Q¤K29-39¡^
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¼¯©ãªºÅº¶Æ»P¥Lªº¦a²zÀô¹Ò¤]¦³Ãö«Y¡C¼¯©ã¥ì¨Æ¹ê¤W¬O°ªì¡A©~°ªÁ{¤U¡AÁ`ı±o°ª°ª¦b¤W¡A©ö©ó¨¾¦u¡A©Ò¥H¦³¤Q¨¬ªº¦w¥þ·P¡C
¦ý¬O¥LªºÅº¶Æ¬O¤Q¤ÀªÅ¬}ªº¡A¥H«áÁÙ¬O¸g¤£°_¤Ú¤ñÛªº§ðÀ»¡C
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ªô¾Â¦b¥»®Ñ¤C³¹¤Ê¤@¸`¡A¥Lªº¯«¤j·§¬O«ü²Ä¤C¸`©Ò´£ªº°ò©Ù¡C
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¿½¦b¤¤ªF쬰Ī¸«³y¦¨ªº²Ã¤l¡C³oºØĪ²Ã§j°_¨Ó¡A¥i¯à¦³Åw¼Öªº¦±½Õ¡A¤]¥i¦¨«s»ïªºÁnµ¡C¥HÁɨȮѤQ¤»³¹¤Q¤@¸`§@¡uµ^¡v¡C¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¦b¤GªÌªºÄ¶ªk³£¥i¥H¡A¦Ó©Ô¤B¤åĶ¥»§@¡u¿½ºÞ¡v¡C¦Ü©ó±Ô§Q¨ÈĶ¥»»P¨ÈÄõ¤åĶ¥»§¡Ä¶¬°¡uµ^¡v¡C¦¹³B¥u¬O§Î®e«s»ïªºÁnµ¡C¦b¦r®Ú¤è±¬ã¨s¡A¡]h]-l-l¡^ì·N¬°¡u¬ï¥X¡v¡A¥iªí©ú³o´d«s¬Oµh¹ý¤ß¸zªº¡C¡u²Ã¡vªº¦r·½¥X©ó³o¦r¡A¦b¼»¥À¦Õ°O¤W¤Q³¹¤¸`¡F¦C¤ý¬ö¤W¤@³¹¥|¤Q¸`¡F¥HÁɨȮѤ³¹¤Q¤G¸`¡A¤T¤Q³¹¤Ü¤E¸`¡C
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²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Ê¤K¸`¡@¡u¦b¼¯©ãªº¦U©Ð³»¤W©Mµó¥«¤W¡A³B³B¦³¤H«sú¡C¦]§Ú¥´¸H¼¯©ã¡A¦n¹³¥´¸HµL¤H³ß®®ªº¾¹¥×¡A³o¬OC©MµØ»¡ªº¡C¡v
¼¯©ã¤½¶}¦³Á|«sªº¦æ°Ê¡A¦]¬°°êÃø·í«e¡Aº×¤Î¥þ°ê¤H¥Á¡A¬O´¶¹Mªº´d«s¡C
©Ð³»¬O¥L̽¤«ô¯«©úªº¦a¤è¡A¥¿¦p¤Q¤E³¹¤Q¤T¸`©Ò´£ªº¡C²{¦b¥L̬ݨ£°g«Hªºµê¦k¡AÅܱo´dµh¡C
µó¥«¬O«ü¼s³õ¡A¬O¤@¤Á¤½²³¥Í¬¡ªº¤¤¤ß¡A¦AµL²»©M»P¦w©w¡A¥u¦³«súªºÁnµ¡C
¥L̦¨¬°µL¤H³ß®®ªº¾¹¥×¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¤Ü¤G³¹¤Ü¤K¸`¡Aì¬O´yz¬ù¶®¤ç¤ýªº¡C³o¾¹¥×¤£¦A¦³¥Î¡A¥´¸H¥á±ó¦Ó¤w¡A³o¨Ç´yzµS¤jªº±¡ªp¡A²{¦b³£À³¥Î©ó¼¯©ã¡C¤½¸qªº¯«¤§¦D»@¤£¦ýÁ{¨ì¿ï¥Á¡A¤]°¦b¸U¥Á¡C½Ö¤]¤£¯à°k²æÍ¢ªº¼f§P¡A³£¦b¨aº×¤§¤¤¡C
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¤Ê¤E¸`¡@¡u¼¯©ã¦óµ¥·´Ãa¡A¦óµ¥«s¸¹¡A¦óµ¥²Û·\ÂàI¡C³o¼Ë¡A¼¯©ã¥²¥O¥|³òªº¤H¶á¯ºÅåÀb¡C¡v
·´Ãa¬O¥²¦³ªº¡A±µú¦´N¦³«s¸¹¡A¤º¦³´d¶Ëªº±¡Ãh¡A¥~¦³²Û·\ªº·Pı¡A¦]¬°¥|³ò¾F¨¹¬Ý¤F¥u¦h¦³«üºK¡A¤SÅåÀb¤S»´µø¡A¤Þ¬°¯º½Í¡A¨Ï¼¯©ãªº¶Æ®ð¤j¨ü¥´À»¡C
¶á¯º¦b¤Ü¤»¡B¤Ü¤C¸`¡FÅåÀb¦b¤Q¤C³¹¤Q¤C¸`¡C¥|³òªº¤H¤]¦b¥»³¹¤Q¤C¸`¡C
401 Edward D. Grohman,
"Kir-hareseth", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 3,
36; Wilhelm Rudolph, Jeremia, 287; Hans Wildberger, Jesdja, 1972,
611, 626.
403 Simon Cohen,
"Jazer", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 2, 806,
Rolf Rendorff, "Zur Lage von Jazer", Zeitschrift des deutschen Pala/stina Vereins 76 (1960) 124-135.
404 Edward D. Grohman,
"Elealeh", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 2, 75;
Wilhelm Rudolph, Jeremia, 284.
405 Yipael Yadin, "More
on the Letters of Bar Kochba", The Biblical Archaeologist 24 (1961)
94.
406 Edward D. Grohman,
"Nimrim, The Water of", The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible,
3, 551; Rudolph, op. cit., 287; Wilderger, Jesaja, 615-16.
5.¼¯©ã§T«á±oÂk¦^¡]¥|¤Q¤K40-47¡^
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²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¥|¤Q¤¦Ü¥|¤Q¤»¸`¡@¡u¸úÁתº¤HµL¤O¯¸¦b§Æ¹ê¥»ªº¼v¤U¡A¦]¬°¦³¤õ±q§Æ¹ê¥»µo¥X¡A¦³¤õ¿V¥X©ó¦è§»ªº«°¡A¿NºÉ¼¯©ãªº¨¤¡A©MÀiÄW¤HªºÀY³»¡C¼¯©ãªü¡A§A¦³º×¤F¡AÄÝ°ò©Ùªº¥Á·À¤`¤F¡A¦]§Aªº²³¤l³£³Q¾Û¥h¡A§Aªº²³¤k¤]³Q¾Û¥h¡C¡v
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¦è§»¬O¨È¼¯§Qªº¤ý¡]¥Á¤Ü¤@21¡^¡Aì¦b§Æ¹ê¥»²Îªv¡A¾µ¤ý¬O¤Ú¬Àªº¤ý¡]¥Á¤Ü¤@33¡^¡C¥L̦bªeªF¡Aªý¤î¥H¦â¦C¹L¹Ò¡Aµ²ªG¥L̳Q¥H¦â¦C¤H¥´±Ñ¡A°O¸ü¦b¥Ó©R°O¤@³¹¥|¸`¤Î¸Ö½g¤@¤T¤½g¤Q¤@¸`¡C407§Æ¹ê¥»¬O¦è§»¤ýªº¨Ê«°¡C
¤õ¡B¤õ¿V³£¨¬¥H¿NÃaÀY³»©M¤O¶q¡]¨¤¡^¡CÀY³»¬O«ü¤H¥Áªºº»â¢w¢w§g¤ý¡C©Ò¥H§g¤ý¦º¶Ë¡A°ê¤O®ø¥¢¡C°ò©Ùªº¥Á¼¯©ã¡AµL½×¨k¤k§¡³Q¾Û¥h¡AµL¤H¥i¥H°kÁ׳o¯E§T¡C
²Ä¥|¤Q¤K³¹¥|¤Q¤C¸`¡@¡uC©MµØ»¡¡A¨ì¥½«á¡A§ÚÁÙn¨Ï³Q¾Ûªº¼¯©ã¤HÂk¦^¡C¼¯©ã¨ü¼f§Pªº¸Ü¨ì¦¹¬°¤î¡C¡v
¼¯©ã¸g¹L¯E§T¤§«á¡A±o¥HÂk¦^¡CµS¤j¥H¦â¦C¤]¦³¬Û¦PªºÀ³³\¡A¤é«á¥²±o´_¿³¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¤Ü¤E³¹¤Q¥|¸`¡C
¦bC§Q¦Ì½×¥~¨¹ªº¹w¨¥¤¤¡A°£¤F½×¤Ú¤ñÛ¥H¨â¤j³¹ªº½g´T¥H¥~¡A½×¼¯©ã¬°³Ìªøªº«H®§¡A¤ñ½×®J¤ÎÁٸԺɡC¨È±¿¬O¼¯©ãªº¾F¨¹¡A¦ý½×¨È±¿¥u¦³¤»¸`¡C¬°¤°»ò¼¯©ã³o»ò³Q«µø¡H¥i¯à¥L»P¥HªF¤@¼Ë¡A¶X¤õ¥´§T¡A¦bµS¤j¦MÃøªº®ÉÔ¥[®`¦o¡C¦ý¦b¬ùªº¤º®e¤¤¡A¨ÃµL³o¼Ëªº¸ê®Æ¡C¥HªF³´®`µS¤j¡A°O¸ü¦bC§Q¦Ì«sºq¥|³¹¤Ü¤@¡B¤Ü¤G¸`¥H¤Î«X¤Ú©³¨È®Ñ¡C
±qµS¤j¤s¦a¥i¥H±æ¨£¼¯©ãªº°ªì¡AC§Qô±æ¹L¥h¡A¥i¬Ý¨£¨È¹à¤s®l¤Î«n¤èªº°ª¦a¡C¥HªF¤ñ¸û»·¡A´N¨S¦³¨º»ò²M·¡¤F¡C¼¯©ã¤@ª½¦Û¤j¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦VC©MµØ¸Ø¤j¡C¦ý¬O²×©ó¨ü¨î©ó¤Ú¤ñÛ¡C
¤½¸qªº¯«¤´¬I¼¦¼§¡A¨Ï¼¯©ã¦b¯E§T¤§«á±o¥HÂk¦^¡C¯«¨Ã¤£¥u°¾¤ß¦a®¦«ÝÍ¢ªº¿ï¥Á¡C
407 Robert F. Johnson, "Sihon",
The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 4, 351.
¢w¢w ð¦ö¤§¡m¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¢w¢wC§Q¦Ì®Ñ¡n