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(1)¥»³¹¬Ocolophon¦¡ªº¬q¸¨¡A±N§Q¥¼°Oªº«ß¨Ò©M¥Á¼Æ°Oªº°O¸ü³s±µ°_¨Ó¡A¤Ú}¶ø(Bertheau)¥H§Q¤Ü¤C³¹¦Ü¥Á¼Æ°O¤Q10¬°¤@Ó¬q¸¨¡C³o¼Ë¤Àªk©TµM±j½Õ¤F¼¯¦è¤¸gªº³s³e©Ê¡A¦ý¯Ê¥F©úÅ㦳¤Oªº¤å¾ÇÅéµô©M¦rµü¹B¥Îªº¤ä«ù¡CÁöµM¥»³¹ªº¤@¨Ç¦rµü¦b¥Á¼Æ°O«e¤Q³¹¥X²{¡A¨Ò¦p¤G¤Q·³¡]3¡B5¸`¡A°Ñ¥Á¤@³¹[¦h¦¸]¡^¡B¯S³\ªºÄ@¡]1-8¸`¡A°Ñ¥Á¤»2¡^¡B¤¤À¤§¤@¡]13¡B19¡B27¡B31¸`¡F°Ñ¥Á¤7¡^¡A¥i±¤¥»³¹©M¥Á¼Æ°Oªº¤º®e¨Ã¤£¬Û²Å¡A©Ò¥H³oӬݪk¯Ê¥F¸g¤å¤ä«ù¡A¨Ã¤£¥i¾a¡C
(2)§Q¥¼°O¤À¬q«ö¤å¾Çµ²ºc±Æ¦C¡A¬Oº§À©IÀ³ªº®æ¦¡¡C®L²z¥Ó¦P·N¶P«ä(Hertz)ªº¬Ýªk¡G¡u§Q¥¼°Oªºµ²§ô¥¿¦p¶}©l¤@¼Ë¡A³£¬O¤@³¹¸t©Òªº³W«ß¢w¢w¥Ì¤ß©^Äm¨Ñµ¹¸t©Ò»Ýn¡A³oºØ©^Äm¬OÃöÃh¯«®aªº¯u¥¿ªí¹F¡C¡v7
(3)¥»³¹ºò±µ¤Ü¤»³¹¡A¬O¤Ü¤»³¹ªº¦^À³¡AÁú¬ü´°©M·Å«í³£¦³¦P¼Ëªº¸ÑÄÀ¡G¡u¯¬ºÖ©M©G¶A¡]²Ä¤Ü¤»³¹¡^¥i¥H»¡¬O¯«¹ïÍ¢¤l¥Áªº³\Ä@¡AÀ³³\Í¢¥¼¨Ó±N·|°µªº¨Æ±¡¡C©Ò¥Hºò±µªº´N¬OÃD¿ô¤HÀ³«ç¼Ë¦V¯«³\Ä@¡C«ö·Ó¿ï¾Ü©Ê¡A¤H¦b§xW®É±`³\Ä@¡A¦b¦ë³q®É«h¨u¦³¡C¤Ü¤»³¹¥ý²²¤´£¤Î¯¬ºÖªº®ÉÔ¡AµM«á¥Î¸û¤j½g´T½×©G¶Aªº®ÉÔ¡CÀH§Y¥Î¤@¬q¡]¤Ü¤C³¹¡^»¡©ú³\Ä@À³«ç¼Ë³B²z¡C¡v8
1 Gardiner, "Leviticus", Lange Commentary, p.202.
2 Noth,
Leviticus, p.203; Snaith, Leviticus
and Numbers, p.174; Rolf Rendtorff, The Old Testament : An Introduction,
(Fortress, 1986), p.146杭C
3 R.K. Harrison, Introduction to The
Old Testament, p.598.
4 Childs, Introduction to the Old
Testamet as Scripture, p.182; Harrison, Introduction to the Old
Testament, p.590.
5 Gardiner op. cit.; ¤B¨}¤~¡A§Q¥¼°OµùÄÀ¡AÁ`½×²Ä¥î¶¡CNoordtzij,
Leviticus, p.4; Keil, Pentateuch vol. 2, p.479; »C»²¥Á¡A§Q¥¼°OÁ¿¸q¡Ap. 3.
6 °¨¦³Ä¦¡A¬ù·§½×¡Ap.30
7 Hertz, Pentateuch and Haftorahs,
p.547; Harrison, Leviticus, p.235; Áú©Ó¨}»{¬°¡u¬O¦Ø¤»¡X¤C³¹ªºªþ¿ý¡v¡A¦Ø¥¼¬öÄÀ¸q¡Ap.225.
8 Wenham, Leviticus, p.336;
Hamilton, Handbook to the Pentateuch, p.308.
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10 Horsleyªº·N¨£¡A¤Þ¦ÛGardiner,
"Leviticus", p.200, n.1.
11
12 Ibid; ùÄõ¼w´I(de Vaux)¡A¥j¸g¤§·«U¤Î¨å³¹¨î«×¡App.94-95.
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©Ò³\ªº»P©Ò´«ªº³£n¦¨¸t¡@³o¥y»P¥»¸`²Ä¤@¥y¤H¤£¥i§ï´«¡A¤]¤£¥i§ó´«¨Ã¨S¦³½Ä¬ð¡A¦]¬°¨º¥y¬O¸T¤î©^ÄmªÌ±N§O¤@°¦¥N´À©Ò³\ªº¨º°¦¡A±N©Ò³\ªº¨º°¦¨ú¦^¬°¤v¥Î¡C¥»¥yã³\§ó´«¡A®e³\¤H±N¦nªº²½ª«´«Ãaªº²½ª«Äm¦b²½¤W¡A¦ý¬°¤FÁקK¤HÀݥΩΦ±¸Ñ§å§P¦nÃaªº¼Ð·Ç¡A»¡©ú©Ò³\ªº©M©Ò´«ªº³£¬OÂkÄݯ«¦¨¸t¡A³o¼Ë³\Ä@ªÌ¬JµM¥u¬O¦hÄm¤@°¦¦Ó¤£¯à¨ú¦^©Ò³\ªº¬¹¯b¡A´N¥i¥H«OÃҧ󴫬O¥X©ó¯Â¥¿·R¯«ªº°Ê¾÷¡C
11.Y¬¹¯b¤£¼ä²b¡A¬O¤£¥iÄmµ¹C©MµØ¬°¨Ñª«ªº¡@¥»¸`©ÒÁ¿ªº¤£¼ä²b¬¹¯b¡A¤]³\¬O«ö·Ó¤Q¤@³¹©Ò¤Àªº°Êª«Ãþ§O¡A¤£¼ä²bªº¬¹¯b¬OÀd¾m¡BÆj¤lµ¥¡C¦ý§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¥y¤lµ²ºcÃö«Y¥N¦Wµü(relative pronoun)rv,a} ~@sher «ü¥X¡A¬O¤£¥iÄmµ¹C©MµØ¬°¨Ñª«ªº¬O§Î®eªº¤l¥y(adjectival clause)¡A¬É©w¬Æ»ò¬O¤£¼ä²b¡A¥¿¦p²Ä9¸`´N¬O¤HÄmµ¹C©MµØ¬°¨Ñª«ªº»¡©ú¬Æ»ò¬O¬¹¯b¡C©Ò¥H¥»¸`©Ò«üªº¬¹¯b´N¬O¤@¤Á¤£¯àÄm¦b²½¾Âªº°Êª«¡A°£¤F²Ä¤Q¤@³¹¦C¬°¤£¼ä²bªº°Êª«¥~¡AÁÙ¥]¬A¤F¼ä²b¦ý¤£¯à§@²½ª«ªº°Êª«¡A¦p²Ü¦Ï©M³À¡]¥Ó¤Q¤G15¡^¡C
12.¥»¸`¨â¦¸´£¨ì²½¥qn¦ô©w»ùÈ¡A¦ý¨â¦¸ªº¦rµüµ²ºc¦³ÂI®t²§¡A²Ä¤@¥y²½¥q´Nn¦ô©w»ùÈ Ht;ao @heKoh' &yri[>h,w] ¬OÁn©ú(statement)¡A¦V³\Ä@ªÌ³¯z¬¹¯b±N¦p¦ó³B¸m¡C¦ý²Ä¤G¥y²½¥q«ç¼Ë¦ô©w@heKoh' d;K]d][,K] ªº¦ô©w d;K]r][, `erk#ka{ ¡A§Y²Ä13¸`ª½Ä¶§Aªº¦ô»ù¡]°Ñ²Ä2¸`µù¡^¡A¬O¹ï²½¥q»¡¸Ü¡AÅý²½¥q»{ÃÑ¥LªºÅv«Â¡G§A¢w¢w²½¥q«ç¼Ë¦ô»ù¡A´Nn¥H«ç¼Ë¬°¬O¡C
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16¤HY±N©Ó¨ü¬°·~ªº´X¤À¦a¤À§O¬°¸t¡AÂkµ¹C©MµØ¡A§An«ö³o¦a¼»ºØ¦h¤Ö¦ô©w»ùÈ¡AY¼»¤j³Á¤@¶P±öÒ¡An¦ô»ù¤¤QªÙ«È°Ç¡C
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18ÕY¥L¦bÁH¦~¥H«á±N¦a¤À§O¬°¸t¡A²½¥q´Nn«öú¦¥¼¨ìÁH¦~©Ò³Ñªº¦~¼Æ¡A±Àºâ»ùÈ¡C¤]n±q§A©Ò¦ôªº´î¥h»ùÈ¡C
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14.¤H±N©Ð«Î¤À§O¬°¸t¡@³o¬O½×«°ùتº©Ð«Î»¡ªº¡A«°ùتº©Ð«Î¨Ã¤£µø¬°¤£¥i¥Ã½æªº²£·~¡A¥i¥H¦Û¥Ñ¶R½æ¡]¤Ü¤29-30¡^¡A©Ò¥H¥i¥H¤À§O¬°¸t¡A¦Ü©ó¶m¶¡ªº©Ð«Î¡Aµø¬°¤£¥i¥Ã½æªº²£·~¡A¨ìÁH¦~¥²Âk·~¥D¡A©Ò¥H¤£¯à§¹¥þ¤À§O¬°¸t¡An«ö16-24¸`ªº«ü¥Ü³B²z¡C
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15.YnÅ«¦^©Ð«Î¡@¥u¦³¦b¤@¦~¤º¤~¥i¥HÅ«©Ð«Î¡]¤Ü¤29-30¡^¡A¹L¤F¤@¦~´Á¡A´N¥ÃÂk²½¥q©Ò¦³¡A¤£¥iÅ«¦^¡C
16.¤HY±N©Ó¨ü¬°·~ªº´X¤À¦a¤À§O¬°¸t¡@¯«ÂǼ¯¦è¤À¬£µ¹¥H¦â¦C¤Hªº¦a·~¡A¤£¥iÅܽæ¡]¤Ü¤23¡F¥Á¤Ê¤5-9¡^¡A©Ò¥H¤]¤£¯à¥þ³¡¤À§O¬°¸t¡C
§An«ö³o¦a¼»ºØ¦h¤Ö¦ô©w»ùÈ¡@³o¥y·N¸q¬Û·í§t½k¡Aª½Ä¶¬O§Aªº¦ô»ù¬O«ö¥¦¡]«ü¦a¡^ªººØ¬ó¡A°ÝÃD¬O§Æ§B¨Ó¤åºØ¬ó [r'z, zera` ¥i¥H¹³¤@¯ë¤¤¤åĶ¥»ªº·N¨£¡A¬O¥Î¦³¼»ºØ¥ÎªººØ¬ó¡A¦ý¤]¥i¥H¬O«ü¥Ý½[¦¬¦¨ªººØËE¡A1330¸`¦a¤WªººØ¤l¥¦æ¤U¥y¾ð¤WªºªG¤l¡AºØ¤l¬O¦¬¦¨ªº¤âB¬ó²É¡]¥Ó¤Q¥|22¡^¡C³oÀ³¸Ó¬O¥»¥yªº·N«ä¡]°Ñ¤Uµù¡^¡C
§An¡K¡K¦ô©w»ùÈ¡@Åã¥Ü¤HY±N¤g¦a¤À§O¬°¸t¡A²½¥q¨Ã¤£±µ¦¬¤g¦a¡A¤@¤è±¤g¦a¤£¥i¥Ã½æ¡A¨ìÁH¦~±N¤´Âk·~¥D¡A¥t¤@¤è±²½¥q©v±Ð¾³dÁc¦h¡]¤×¨ä¬O¦b¼¯¦è®É¥N²½¥q¼Æ¥Øµ}¤Ö¡^¡A¹ê¦b¨S¦³¦h¾l®É¶¡¯ÑºØ¥Ð¦a¡A©Ò¥H©^Ämªº¦a¥D¤´µM¦b¤À§O¬°¸tªº¤g¦a¯ÑºØ¡A¦Ó±N¦ôpÀ³¦³ªº¦¬Ã¬»ùÈÄmµ¹²½¥q¡C
Y¼»¤j³Á¤@¶P±öÒ¡An¦ô»ù¤¤QªÙ«È°Ç¡@ª½Ä¶¥u¬O¤@¶P±öÒ¤j³ÁºØ¬óȤ¤QªÙ«È°Ç»È¤l¡C¬O«ü¨C¦~¦¬¦¨¤@¶P±öÒ¤j³Á¡A´Nn¬°¤¤Q¦~¡]¥ÑÁH¦~¦Ü¥t¤@ÁH¦~ªº¦~´Á¡^ªº¦¬¦¨¡A§Y¤¤Q¶P±öÒ¥I¤¤QªÙ«È°Ç»È¤l¡C14¤@¶P±öÒ§Y¤Q¥ìªk¡A¬ù«
20.¥LY¤£Å«¦^¡@¥i¯à³o¤H¦a¤g«Ü¦h¤£¯à¥þ³¡¯ÑºØ¡A©Î¦]»X¤F¯S§O®¦¨å¡A§@¬°·P®¦¡A¦bÁH¦~®É¤£Å«¦^¡]¤Ü¤13-17¡^¤g¦a¡A´Nªí©ú¨M·N±N¨º³¡¥÷¦a·~§¹¥þÄmµ¹C©MµØ¡C
©Î¬O±N¦a½æµ¹§O¤H¡A´N¦A¤£¯àÅ«¤F¡@¥»¥y¦³¨âӸѪk¡G(1)·~¥D±N¦a¤À§O¬°¸t«á¡A¥¼´¿Å«¦^¡A¥Ln±N¥Ð¦aªº¦¬Ã¬ÂkC©MµØ¡A¦Û¤v¨S¦³¦¬¤J¡A¦ý¦pªG·~¥D±N³o¦a¥X½æ¡A¥L±q½æ¦a±o¨ì¦¬¤J¡A¦Ó¶R¥D·íµM¤£·|±N¥Ð¦a¦¬Ã¬Ämµ¹C©MµØ¡A¨º»ò½æ¦a©ÛP²½¥q·l¥¢¤F±N¦a¤À§O¬°¸tÀ³±oªº¹Aì¡A©Ò¥HÁH¦~¨Ó¨ì¡A¶R¥D¥æÁÙ¦aÅv®É¡AC©MµØ±µ¦¬¤g¦a¥DÅv¡A¨Ï¸Ó¦a¥H«áªº¦¬Ã¬Âk²½¥q©Ò¦³¡A§@¬°½ßÀv½æ¦a©ÛPªº·l¥¢¡C(2)·~¥D¦b±N¦a¤À§O¬°¸t¥H«e¡A´N¤w¸g±N¦a½æ¤Fµ¹§O¤H¡A©Ò¥H·í¥L³\Ä@©^Äm¸Ó¦a¤g®É¡A¥L¨Ã¨S¦³¯ÑºØ½æ¤Fªº¦a¡A¦]¦¹nµ¥¨ìÁH¦~¨Ó¨ì¡A¶R¥D§¹¦¨¤F¥Î¦aªº¦~´Á¡A·~¥D´Nn¼i¦æ¤À§O¬°¸tªº¿Õ¨¥¡A±N¦aÄmµ¹C©MµØ¡A³o¼Ë·íµMì·~¥D¤£¯àÅ«¦^¦Û¥Î¡C
21.¥ÃÄmªº¦a¡@½Ð°Ñ28¸`µù
22.¥LY±N©Ò¶Rªº¤@¶ô¦a¡A¤£¬O©Ó¨ü¬°·~ªº¡A¤À§OÂkµ¹C©MµØ¡@³o³W«h»P¤Wz±N©Ó¨ü¬°·~ªº¦a¤À§O¬°¸tªº«ü¥Ü¬Û¦P¡A¤À§Oªº¬O©Ó¨ü¬°·~ªº¦a¥u¥iÄm¤W³¡¥÷¡]16¸`¡^¡A¦Ó¶R¨Óªº¦a¡A¤£¬O©Ó¨ü¬°·~ªº¡A¥i±N¾ã¶ô¦a¤À§O¬°¸tÂkµ¹C©MµØ¡C
13 ¤B¨}¤~¡A§Q¥¼°OµùÄÀ¡Ap.208
14 de Vaux, Ancient Israel, p.168,
"According to Lv 27: 16 the value of a field is calculated at fifty
shekels for every h]omer of barley produced," ¥Ð¦a¨C¥X²£¤@¶P±öÒªº¤j³Á¦ô»ù»Ý¥I¤¤QªÙ«È°Ç¡A¦ý³o®Ñ¤¤¤åª©«o¿ù»~¦a½Ķ¬°»Ýn¤@¡u²üÀqº¸¡v³ÁºØ¼½ºØªº¥Ð¦a¡A¦ô»ù¬°¤¤Q»È¨ó¨è¦Õ¡]ùÄõ¼w´I¡A¥j¸g¤§·«U¤Î¨å³¹¨î«×¡Ap.223.¡^
15 R.P. Maloney, CBQ 36, (1974):
4-5.
Å«»ùªºpºâ¡]25¸`¡^
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¸t©Òªº¥¡@ vd,Qoh' lq,v, shekel
haqqo{ddesh ª½Ä¶¬O¸t©ÒªºªÙ«È°Ç¡A«ü¯S§O¬°Äm²½¥Îªº¤@ºØ«×¶q¿Å¡]¥X¤Ê13¡^¡A¦]¬°¥H¦â¦C¤H¦³¦h¹L¤@ºØªº¿Å¶q»È¤lªºªÙ«È°Ç¡A16¬°¤FÁקK¹ï²½¥q¦ô©wªº»ùȦ³¤£¦PªºÄÄÄÀ¡A©Ò¥H©ú¤å«ü¥Ü«ö·Ó¸t©ÒªºªÙ«È°Ç¶q¨î¡C¤@¸t©ÒªÙ«È°Ç¬ù«
©u©Ô¡@hr;Ge ge{ra{h ì·N¬O¨§¤l¡A«á¨Ó¦¨¬°¤@Óªk½Xªº¦W¦r¡C
16 ùÄõ¼w´I¡A¥j¸g¤§·«U¤Î¨å³¹¨î«×¡App.273-276.
17 ¾ÇªÌ¹ï¸t©ÒªºªÙ«È°Çªº¹ê»Ú«¶q¦³¤£¦P·N¨£¡ANoordtzij,
Leviticus, p.278, »{¬°¬O
ÀYL¬¹¯bªºÅ«»ù¡]26-27¸`¡^
26°ß¿W¬¹¯b¤¤ÀY¥Íªº¡AµL½×¬O¤û¡A¬O¦Ï¡A¬JÂkC©MµØ¡A½Ö¤]¤£¥i¦A¤À§O¬°¸t¡A¦]¬°³o¬OC©MµØªº¡C
27Y¬O¤£¼ä²bªº¬¹¯b¥Íªº¡A´Nn«ö§A©Ò¦ô©wªº»ùÈ¡A¥[¤W¤¤À¤§¤@Å«¦^¡AY¤£Å«¦^¡A´Nn«ö§A©Ò¦ô©wªº»ùȽæ¤F¡C
26.ÀY¥Íªº¡@§Æ§B¨Ó¤å hwh;yl' rK'buy] Arv,a} rwOkB] ³o¥y¤l¬Û·í¯S§O¡A¤×¨ä¬O³Q°Ê±j½Õ»yºA(Pual stem)ªº°Êµü rK'buy] y#bukka ³Q¥Í¬°ÀY¥Íªº¬O¬ù°ß¤@ªº¤@¦¸¡Cª½Ä¶¬O¡GÀY¥Íªº¡A´N¬O³Q¥Í¬°ÂkÄÝC©MµØªºÀY¥Íªº¡C§f®¶¤¤ÁöµM¨S¦³±N³Q°Ê»yºA½Ķ¥X¨Ó¡A¦ý¦Ü¤ÖÅã¥Ü¤FÃö«Y¤l¥y¡G°ß¿W¬¹¤f¤¤ÀYLªº¡K¡K¬J§@¬°Âk¥Ã«í¥DªºÀYLªÌ¡C
µL½×¬O¤û¡B¬O¦Ï¡@§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¨Ã¨S¦³Åã¥Ü©Ê§O¡AêO²½¥u¥iÄm¤½¤û©Î¤½¦Ï¡AµÛ«Åé½è±j§§¡A¦ýÀY¥ÍµÛ«¥X¥Í¦¸§Ç¡A»Û¶¯¨â©Ê¾÷·|¬Ûµ¥¡A©Ò¥H¤£©ë©Ê§O³£nÄm¤W¡C
27.Y¬O¤£¼ä²b¤§¬¹¯b¥Íªº¡A´Nn«ö§A©Ò¦ô©wªº»ùÈ¥[¤W¤¤À¤§¤@Å«¦^¡@¥X®J¤Î°O¨â¦¸´£¨ìÀY¥Íªº¤£¼ä²b¬¹¯b¡G¤ZÀY¥ÍªºÆj¡A§An¥Î¦Ï¯Ì¥NÅ«¡AY¤£¥NÅ«¡A´Nn¥´§é¥LªºÀV¶µ¡]¥X¤Q¤T13¡A¤Ê¥|20¡^¡A»P¥»¸`¤ñ¸û¡A¦ü¥G¬Û·í®t§O¡A¦ý¥i¯à³oùجOì«h©Ê«ü¥Ü¡A¦Ó¥X®J¤Î°O¬O¨ãÅé²Ó«h©M§t¦³§Û¥»ªº§xÃø¡G(1)Æj¬O¥H¦â¦C¤H³Ì¦h¹}¾iªº¤@ºØ¤£¼ä²b°Êª«¡A¦]¦¹¥HÆj§@¬°¤£¼ä²b°Êª«ªº¥Nªí¡F(2)¥H¦Ï¯Ì¥NÅ«´N¬O¥»¸`²½¥q©Ò¦ô©wªº»ùÈ¡F(3)Y¤£¥NÃ|¡A´Nn¥´§é¥LªºÀV¶µLXX¬O¡GY¤£±N¨e§ó´«¡]«ü¥H¦Ï¯Ì¥NÅ«¡^¡A´Nn±N¨eÅ«¦^¡A¨âªÌ¥u¬O§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¤@¦r¤§®t¡A¥i¯àì¨Ó wtkr[ `rktho^ ´Nn¥I¤W¦ô©w»ù»È¡A§Y¬O¥»¸`ªº±Ð°V¡A¦]§Û¥»°ÝÃD¡AÅܦ¨wtpr[ `rptho^ ´Nn±N¥L¥´§é¡]ÀV¶µ¡^¡C18
18 ¦ýGershon Brin, "The Firstling of
Unclean Animal", Jewish Quarterly Review 68(1977), 1-15 «o»{¬°¬OLXXקïì¤å¡A¦]¬°Ä¶ªÌn¦V®J¤Î¤H®ø°£·í®É¬y¦æµS¤Ó¤H¦VÆjÄm²½ªº¶Ç»¡¡C
¥ÃÄm¸tª«ªºÅ«»ù¡]28-29¸`¡^
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28.¥ÃÄm¤§ª«¡@³o¦r !r,je che{rem§Y29¸`ªº·í·À¤§ª«¦P¤@Ó¦r¡A·N«ä¬O¯S§O¹º¤ÀÂk¯«¡A¤£ã¤H¬V«üªºª««~¡A«ä°ªÄ¶¥»Â½Ä¶¬°¸Tª«¡C
29.¤Z±q¤H¤¤·í·Àªº¡A³£¤£¥iÅ«¡A¥²³Qªv¦º¡@³o¼Ë½Ķ¬Û·í§t½k¡A®e©ö¥O¤H¥H¬°«ü¦³¨Ç¤H¬O·í·Àªº¡A¥²³Q§M¦º¡C¦ýì¤åª½Ä¶¬O¡G¤@¤Á¥ÃÄm¤§ª«¡]«ü¬¹¯b¡^¡A´N¬O¤HÄm¤Wªº¡A³£¤£¥iÅ«¡A¥²³Q®_±þ¡C¤å²zĶ¥»ªºÂ½Ä¶¡G¤Z¤H©Ò¥ÃÄmªÌ¡A¤ðÅ«·í®_¤ñ¸û²M·¡¡C
¤Q¤@¤§¤ÀªºÅ«»ù¡]30-34¸`¡^
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19 °ÑJ.J. Davis, Paradise to Prison,
(Baker, 1975), p.217; C. Westermann, Genesis 12-36(Augsburg, 1985)
pp.357-358.
21 °Ñµù19¡B20.
22 J.J. Davis, Conquest and Crisis,
(Baker, 1969), pp.124-128; ¦ÓC.J. Goslinga, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, (Zondervan, 1986) pp.391-396¦³«D±`«ÈÆ[©M¸Ô²Óªº°Q½×¡C
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24 ùÄõ¼w´I¡A¥j¸g¤§·«U¤Î¨å³¹¨î«×¡Ap.183.
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°£¤F¨C¦~Äm¤W¤Q¤À¤§¤G¡A¨ä¤¤¤Q¤À¤§¤@¬°§Q¥¼¤H¡A¤Q¤À¤§¤@¬°¦u¸`¤§¥Î¥H¥~¡A§AÌn¦b²Ä¤T¦~nÄm¤W²Ä¤TÓ¤Q¤À¤§¤@µ¹³h½a¤H©M©t¨à¹è°ü¡CªG¤l¤]¬On¤@¼Ë¤À°t¡A§âªì¼ôªº®³¨ì¸t·µ¡AÆg¬ü¯«½ç¤U¤g¦a¬°·~¡AÄm¤F²½¡A¨D¯«½çºÖ³o¦a¤g¤§«á¡A«K±NªG¤lÄmµ¹²½¥q¡C¤HY¿ì§¹¤F³o¨Ç¨Æ¡A¤]Äm¤W¤F¤Q¤À¤§¤@¡A¥L¦^®a¤§«e¡An¯¸¦b¸t©Ò¦V¯«·P®¦¡A¦]¬°¯«±Ï§AÌ¥X®J¤Î©M½ç¦n¤g¦a¨Ï§AÌ¥i¥H¨É¨ü¨ä¤¤ªºªG¤l¡C§AÌn¤½¶}ªí¥Ü¥L¤wÄm¤W¤Q¤À¤§¤@©M¨ä¥L²½ª«¡A¨Ã¨D¯«¥Ã»·¥H·O·R®¦´f«Ý¥L©M¤@¤Á§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¡A¤£³æ¥u«O¦s¥L²{¦b¦³ªº¡A§ón¦h¦h¥[µ¹§AÌ¡C
ªñ¥N¾ÇªÌ¥]®æ¯Ç(Joseph M. Baumgarter)»{¬°¤Q¤À¤@ rc'[]m' ma`sar®Ú¥»¤£¬O¤@ӦʤÀ¤ñªº¼Æ¥Ø¡A¦Ó¬OÁ|²½ªº¤@Ó¦WºÙ¡A28¥Á¤Q¤K24»¡¤Q¤À¤@´N¬OÄmµ¹C©MµØ¬°Á|²½ªº¡A¥N¤U¤Ê¤@12¨Ñª«©M¤Q¤À¨ú¤@¤§ª«°Ñ·Ó¦P³¹²Ä5¡B6¸`¡A¥u´£¤Q¤À¤§¤@¡A¥i¨£§Æ§B¨Ó¤å©M w] w# ¬O¸ÑÄÀªººó¨t¦r(copulative explicativum)¡A29»¡©ú¥»¸`ªº¨Ñª«¤D«ü¤Q¤À¤@¡C¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¤]±N¤Q¤À¤@§@Äm²½ªººÙ©I¡A¼»¤W¤@21§Æþ¤åªºÄ¶¤å¦b¦VC©MµØÄm¦~²½¨ÃÁÙ©Ò³\ªºÄ@¤§«á¥[¤W§Y¡] kai ©Î§@©M30¡^¥L©Ò¦³¤g²£ªº¤Q¤À¤@¡C©Ò¥Hº¿©Ô°ò®Ñ¤T8±N¤Q¤À¤@©MÁ|²½¡]©M¦X¥»·íÄmªº¨Ñª«ªº§Æ§B¨Ó¤å hm;Wrt] t#ru^ma{h ¡A¤¤¤å³q±`½Ķ¬°Á|²½¡^¨Ã¦C¡A¦Ó©M w] ¤]¥i¯à¦P¼Ë¬O¸ÑÄÀªººó¦r¡A»¡©ú¤Q¤À¤@§YÁ|²½ªº¥t¤@¦WºÙ¡CPhilo31©M¬ù·æ¤Ò32¤Ï¬M³o¹ê¦b¬OµS¤Ó¶Ç²Îªº·N¨£¡C
¦Ü©ó¼Æ¥Ø¤è±¡A¾H©s®í(M.A. Dandamajew)¸Ô²Ó±N¤Q¤À¤@¤Ú¤ñÛ¤åÄm¬Ûµ¥ªºµ|®½ es%ru/es%re{tu ¤ñ¸û¡A«ü¥X³o¦Wµü¬O¤@Óµ|¶µªº¦WºÙ¡A¼x¦¬¶W¹L¦Ê¤À¤§¤Qªº¼Æ¥Ø¡A33¨F³Ò®³(E. Salonen)¶i¤@¨B¸É¥RĬÀq(Sumerian)ªº¸ê®Æ¡A±j½Õ©Ò¿×¤Q¤À¤@ªº¼Æ¥Ø¤D«ö¶¥¯Å°ª§C¦Óú¥I¤£¦Pªº¼Æ¥Ø¡A34©Ò¥H»Cp¸U(H. Jagersma)»{¬°Â¬ùªº¤Q¤À¤@¤]¬O¬Û¦Pªº±¡ªp¡A¼»¤W¤K11-17ªº¤Q¤À¤@¬O¼x«µ|ªº·N«ä¡A¼Æ¥Ø¥²©w¶W¹L¦Ê¤À¤§¤Q¡C35
25 J. Ridderbos, Deuteronomy, (Zondervan, 1984), p.180; P.C. Craigie,
The Book of Deuteronomy, p.232.
26 ð¦ö¤§¡A¿¬µ¾¡]¥Ó©R°O¬ãŪ¡^¡]ÃÒ¹D¡A1983¡^, p.69.
27 ½Ð°Ñ¦Òð¦ö¤§¡A·R»P³d¡]°ò¹D¡A1982¡^, pp.79-80.
28 Joseph M. Baumgarter, "On The
Non-Literal Use of ?? MA'AS*ER/DE- ?? KATE", JBL 103(1984):
245-261.
29 GK ¡±
30 §Æþ¤å ?? kai ¥i¥H¦³ú¦§Æ§B¨Ó¤åw] waw¸ÑÄÀªººó¨t¦rexplanatoryªº¬Û¦P¥\¥Î¡F°Ñ·s¬ù§Æþ¤å¤¤¤åµü¨å¡Ap.311¡]¤E¡^.
31 De Virtutibus 95; De Specialibus 1. 156;
^¤å½Ķ¥i°ÑF.H. Colson, Philo, (Harvard University Press, 1960).
32 µS¤Ó¥j¥v¡A¨÷¥|4.3; 8.8, 22.
34 E. Salonen, "Ueber den Zehnten in
alten Mesopotamien", Studia Orientalia XLIII: 4(Helsinki, 1972):
43.
35 H. Jagersma, "The Tithes in the Old
Testament", OTS 21(1981): 116-128.
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¦Ü©ó¬ù¾l¤Uªº¤G³B¸g¤å¡A¥§¤Q37°ò¥»«½Æ¥N¤U¤Ê5-19ªº¨Æ±¡¡A¥u¬OºØÃþ¤W¥[¤Wªì¼ô³Á¤l©Ò¿iªºÄÑ¡Cº¿¤T8-12¥i»¡¬O¬ù¤Q¤À¤@±Ð¾ÉªºÁ`µ²¡A³o¬q¨S¦³¦C¥X¥ô¦óª««~¦WºÙ¡A¦ý»¡©ú¬O·íÄmªº¨Ñª«©M·í¯Çªº¡A¦Ü©ó¼Æ¶q¤è±¡A¤]¨S¦³²M·¡¸Ñ©ú¡A«o±j½Õ¥²¶·¥þµM¡A¡u§Yn¨D¥LÌ·Ó¯«ªº¦®·N¦Ó¯Ç¡C¡v38
36 ·s¬ù§Æþ¤å¤¤¤åÃã¨å¡Ap. 24; Liddell and Scott, A
Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed.(Oxford University Press, 1940) p.56;A.
Barnes, Barne's Note, vol. 9, (Baker, 1949) p.155; Anchor Bible½®Ñ§@a tenth of
his choice.
37 «ä°ªÄ¶¥»§@ª««~¡C
38 ³¯²×¹D¡A¤p¥ýª¾®ÑÁ¿¸q¡]¤U¡^¡]¤Ñ¹D1984¡^, p.247.
4.·s¬ù±Ð°V
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C¿q´¿¸gÁ¿½×¤Q¤À¤@¡G§A̱NÁ¡²ü¡B¯õ»¡BªàµæÄm¤W¤Q¤À¤§¤@¡A¨º«ßªk¤W§ó«nªº¨Æ¡A´N¬O¤½¸q¡B¼¦¼§¡B«H¹ê¤Ïˤ£¦æ¤F¡A³o§ó«ªº¬O§AÌ·í¦æªº¡A¨º¤]¬O¤£¥i¤£¦æªº¡]¤Ó¤Ü¤T23¡^¡C¦ã°ò·s(Archer)«ü¥X¡A¥»¸`³Ì«á¤@¥y¨º¦rªº§Æþ¤å¬O²³¼Æ¡A«ü¥ý«e¦C¥Xªº¨º¨Ç¤Q¤À¤§¤@ªº©^Äm¬O¥²¶·¦æªº¡C39©Ò¥H·sĶ¥»³o¨â¥yªºÂ½Ä¶¬O¡G³o¨Ç§ó«nªº¬O§AÌÀ³·í§@ªº¡A¦ý¨ä¥Lªº¤]¤£¥i©¿²¤¡C¦ã°ò·s»{¬°¡A¬JµMC¿q¦b¨üÃø«eªº´X¤Ñ¡A¤´»¡¥²¶·¿í¦æ¡A©Ò¥H¤Q¤À¤@¬O«H®{ªº³d¥ô¡C¦ý³o¤£¥i¤Ó±j½Õ¡A¦]¬°C¿q°Q½×¤Q¤À¤@ªº¥Øªº¬O§å§PµS¤Ó±Ðªºªk§QÁɤH¡A¨Ã¤£¹³µn¤sÄ_°Vªº±Ð°V¨º¼Ë²M·¡»¡©ú¬O¹ï«H®{ªºì«h±Ð°V¡C©Ò¥HC¿q¦P·Nªk§QÁɤH¦æ¤Q¤À¤@¡A¤£µ¥©ón¨D«H®{¦P¼Ë¿í¦æ¡C¨Ï®{¦æ¶ÇC¸ô¼»§N·|ijªº¨Mij¡]®{¤Q¤28¡^¡A¤£±NµS¤Ó¤H¬ùªº«ß¨Ò¦¨¬°¥~¨¹¤Hªº«¾á¡A²M·¡»¡©ú¬ù¤Q¤À¤@ªº±ø¨Ò¦b·s¬ùªº±Ð·|¤¤¨Ã¤£¾A¥Î¡C
¦ã°ò·s»{¬°«H®{¥²¶·¦æ¤Q¤À¤@©^Ämªº¥t¤@Ó½×ÂI¡A´N¬O¨È§B©Ô¨u¦V³Á°ò¬~¼wÄm¤Q¤À¤@¡C¬JµM¨È§B©Ô¨u¬O¦b¼¯¦èªº«ßªk¥H«e¡A¨È§B©Ô¨uªºÄm¤Q¤À¤@´N¤£¬O¦æ¬ù«ßªkªº«ü¥Ü¡A´N¬O¶W¶V®É¥Nªºì«h©Êº]¼Ë¡C¦n¤ñ¯«¦b®¿¨È®É¥N§h©J¤HÃþ¤£¥i¦Y±a¦åªº¦×¨º©R¥O¡CµM¦Ó±N³o¨â¥ó¨Æ±¡¥µ¥¬Û¤ñ¨Ã¤£¦X²z¡G²Ä¤@¡B¦Ò¼{°O¸üªº©Ê½è¡A¯«¹ï®¿¨ÈªºÀ³³\¡A¬O¥]¬A©RÃD¦¡ªº±Ò¥Ü¡A¹ï¶H¤£¬O®¿¨ÈÓ¤H¡A¦Ó¬OÃö©ó¦a¤W¤@¤Á¦³¦å¦×¤§ª«¡]³Ð¤E17¡^¡A¸g¤å²M·¡»¡©ú¬O¹ï¦a¤Wªº¨«Ã~¡B©øÂΡBªÅ¤¤ªº¸³¾¡B®üùؤ@¤Áªº³½¡B©M¦a¤Wªº¦U¤H¡]³Ð¤E1-6¡^¡A¥Hi¬°°O¸¹ªº¬ù¤£¦ýÃö¥G¥þ¦a¡A§ó¬O¶W¶V®É¥Nªº¥Ã¬ù¡]³Ð¤E12-16¡^¡A©Ò¥H³oÀ³³\¤¤¤£¥i¦Y¦åªºªþµù¦ÛµM¤]À³µø¬°©RÃD¦¡ªº©R¥O¡C¤ÏÆ[¨È§B©Ô¨uÄm¤Q¤À¤@ªº°O¸ü¡A¯Âºé¬O¬ùªº±Ôz¤å¾Ç¡CÁöµM¸t¸gªº±Ôz¤å¾Ç¨Ã«D¥u§@³ø¾É©Êªº°O¸ü¡A¦ý¤]¤£¯à²@¤£¹LÂo¦a±N²Ó¸`¦p¤Q¤À¤@ª½±µÂà¶ù¡A§@¬°«H®{«H¥õªº©R¥O¡C40³Ð¥@°O¤Q¥|³¹¨S¦³¥ô¦ó·t¥Ü¡AÅýŪªÌ¤F¸Ñ¨È§B©Ô¨uÄm¤Q¤À¤@¬O¯«´¶¥@©Ê©R¥Oªº«ü¤Þ¡A¨S¦³¯«ª½±µªº©R¥O¡A¤]¨S¦³§@ªÌªºµù¸Ñ¡C¦Ó§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¤C³¹¤Þz³o¨Æ®É¡A¥u¥Î¨Ó¤ÞÃÒ³Á°ò¬~¼w²½¥qªºµ¥¨t©M¦a¦ì¡A¹ïÄm¤Q¤À¤@«o¯Ê¤í«H¥õ»ùȪºµû¦ô¡A©Ò¥H¨È§B©Ô¨uÄm¤Q¤À¤@³o¨Æ¤£¿ù¬O¦b¼¯¦è«ßªk¤§«e¡A¦ý«o¤£¯àµø¬°¹ï«H®{ªº±Ð¾Éº]¼Ë¡A´N¦p¶®¦U¥HÄm¤Q¤À¤@³\Ä@ªº°O¸ü¡A¨Ã¤£n¨D«H®{·Ó¼Ë³\Ä@¡C
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·s¬ù°£¤FC¿q§å§Pªk§QÁɤHªº¨º¬q¸g¤å¥~¡]¤Ó¤Ü¤T23¡F¸ô¤Q¤@42¡^¡A¥u¦³ªk§QÁɤH©Mµ|¦Oªº¬è뤤¡A´£¤Î³o¬OµS¤Ó¤Hªº²ßºD¡]¸ô¤Q¤K12¡^¡A©M§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¤C³¹¥Î¨È§B©Ô¨uÄm¤Q¤À¤@µ¹³Á°ò¬~¼w§@¬°°ò·þ»P¬ù²½¥q¨î«×ªº¤ñ¸û¡C·s¬ù¤£´£¤Q¤À¤@41·t¥Ü¨âÓ«n±Ð°V¡G
1.¤Q¤À¤@¥O¤H²£¥Í»~·|¡A¥H¬°©^ÄmµÛ«¼Æ¶q¡A«D±`®e©ö«ÁеS¤Ó±ÐÂÐÂá¡A²_¬°«ßªk¥D¸q¡A¥H¼Æ¶q©M¦æ°Êµû¦ô©^Ämªº»ùÈ¡C2.¬ù¤Q¤À¤@¬O§@¬°¸t¤u¸g¶Oªº¤@Ӳκ١A³o¬O§@¬°Â¬ù¥H¦â¦C¤Hªí¥ÜºÉ³dªº¤@Ó´£Ä³¡A¦Ó¤£¬Oú¥I¤§¹ê¦b¦Ê¤À¤ñªº¼Æ¥Ø¡C¬JµM¯«¦b·s¬ù²M·¡ªí©úÍ¢ªº¤ß·N¡A¬On«H®{±N¨ÅéÄm¤W·í§@¬¡²½¡]ù¤Q¤G1¡^¡A«Où«ü¥X§A¦³¬Æ»ò¤£¬O»â¨üªº©O¡]ªL«e¥|7¡^¡A¬JµM¥þ³¡³£¤£¬O¦Û¤v¾Ö¦³ªº¡A´N¤£¯à³æ¥H¤Q¤À¤@¬°Äݯ«¤§ª«¡A¨ä¥L³£¬O¦Û¤vªº¡C
©Ò¥H½×¨ì¬°¸t¤uªº©^Äm¡A«Où»¡¡G¬O«öú¦¤O¶q¡A¦Ó¥B¤]¹L¤F¤O¶q¡A¦Û¤v¥Ì¤ß¼Ö·Nªº®½§U¡K¡K·Óú¦¯«ªº¦®·N¡A¥ý§â¦Û¤vÄmµ¹¥D¡]ªL«á¤K3-5¡^¡C¤£¿ù¡A©^Ämªº¼Æ¥Ø¤£¬O³Ì«nªº¦]¯À¡A¦U¤HnÀH¥»¤ß©Ò°u©wªº¡A¤£n§@Ãø¡A¤£n«j±j¡A¦]¬°®½±o¼Ö·Nªº¤H¡A¬O¯«©Ò³ß·Rªº¡]ªL«á¤E7¡^¡CµM¦Ó¡u¤°¤@©^ÄmÁö¬O«ßªkªº¼Ð·Ç¡A«H®{¤£¦b«ßªk¤§¤U¡A¦Ó¦b®¦¨å¤§¤U¡A®¦¨å¤§¤U¡A¥²¦b«ßªk¤§¤W¡C®¦¨åªº¼Ð·ÇÀ³¸Ó¶W¹L«ßªkªº¡A¦³§ó°ªªº¼Ð·Ç¤~¦X¥G¯«ªº¤ß·N¡C¡v42
40 Ãö©ó¬ù±Ôz¤å¾ÇªºÄÀ¸gnÂI¥i°ÑGordon D. Fee and Douglas Stuart, How
To Read The Bible For All Its Worth, (Zondervan, 1981) pp.73-86; R. de
Vaux, "Method in the Study of Early Hebrew History", in J.P. Hyatt
ed., The Bible in Modern Scholarship, (Abingdon, 1965) pp.15-36; S.
Greidanus, Sola Scriptura : Problems & Principles in Preaching
Historical Texts, (J.H. Kok, 1970); J. Bright, The Authority of The Old
Testament(Abingdon, 1967)esp. pp.182-212.
41 Ãö©ó¦´Á±Ð·|¹ï¤Q¤À¤@ªº·N¨£½Ð°ÑLukas Vischer, Tithing In The Early
Church, (Fortress, 1966).
42 ð¦ö¤§¡A·R»P³d¡Ap.85.
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III¡@^¤å®Ñ¥Z
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