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45-46¸`¬O¥»³¹¨â¤j³¡¥÷ªº³s±µ¸g¤å¡C¤W¤å¤ÀªR²Ä¤Q¤T¡B¤Q¥|³¹ªº¤å¾Çµ²ºc®É¤w¸g¤¶²Ð¡A¥»³¹½×¤H¨·÷ºÆ¯f¥u´£¯gª¬¡A¦ý½×¦çªA·÷ºÆ¯f«o³B²z»P¯gª¬¨ÖÃD¡C©Ò¥H¦b³o³s±µ¸g¤å¡A°£¤F¦çªA dn,B,beged ³o¦r¥X²{¡A§@¬°³s±µ¥y¦¡colophon¡A¤Þ¶i½×¦çªA·÷ºÆªº·s¬q¸¨¥~¡A¤º®e¤]Ãþ¦ü¡A¦b¥u½×¤H¨¥Ö½§¯f¯gª¬ªº¤W¤å¤¤¡A¤]¹³¤U¤å½×¦çªA·òºÆ¤@¼Ë¡A´£z³B²zªº¤èªk¡C
¥»³¹²Ä¤G³¡¥÷¬O½×¦çªA·òºÆ¯gª¬©M³B²z¡A´£¨ì¤TºØ¤£¦Pªº¦çªA¨ü¥Ö½§¯f·P¬Vªº±¡ªp¡A¤Î¤@¬q½×¤wÂ\²æ¥Ö½§¯f¬rªº¦çªA³B²z°ÝÃD¡G
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59 ¥»³¹Á`µ²
2 °Ñ¤@2µù
¤j·òºÆ¬O¬Æ»ò¯f¯g
³o¨â³¹¥Dnªº§Æ§B¨Ó¤å t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¶Ç²Î¤@ª½Â½Ä¶¬°¤j·÷ºÆ¡A^¤åleprosy¡C³o¦rªºÂ½Ä¶¹Lµ{¡Aº¥ýLXX±N³o¦r½Ķ¬° lepra ¡A«á¨Ó©Ô¤B¤åªu¥Î§Æþ¤åĶ¬°\cs
3 "The recent Law in the Hawaiian
Islands(1949)which make offical only the term 'Hansen's Disesae is motivated by
recognition of the paralysing effect of the biblical connotations of 'leprosy'
upon public health measures and also upon the application of effective
treatment", F.C. Lendrum, "The name 'Leprosy'", American journal of Tropical Medicine and Hyiene 1, (1952): 999.
4 S.G. Browne, '"Leprosy" In The
English Bible', The Bible Translator 22, (1970): 45-46; Leprosy In The Bible(Christian Medical Fellowship, 1970); R.G. Cochrane, Biblical Leprosy: A
Suggested Interpretation, 2nd ed., (Tydnale Press, 1963); E.V.
Hulse, "The Nature of Biblical 'Leprosy' And The Use of Alternative
Medical Terms In Modern Translations of the Bible", Palestine Exploration Quarterly 107,
(1975): 87-105; John F.A. Sawyer, "A Note on the Etymology of
S_RA'AT", VT 26(1976):
241-245; J. Wilkinson, "Leprosy and Leviticus, The Problem of Description
and Identification", Scottish Journal of Theology 30, (1977): 153-170; "Leprosy and Leviticus: A Problem of Semantics
and Translation" Scottish Journal of Theology 31, (1978): 153-166; Margaret L. Davies, "Levitical Leprosy:
Uncleanness and The Psyche", Exp. Times 99,
(1988): 136-139.
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3.Alopecia
areata
4.Kwashiorkor
©Î³J¥Õ½è¼ö¶qÀç¶q¤£¨¬
III º¯³z¥Ö½§ªº¯f¯g
1.Eczema
©Îdermatitis ªºÀã¯l©Î¥Ö½§²ªÄo
2.¯f¬r·P¬V¡A¨Ò¦ptuberculosis ªºµ²®Ö¯g
3.³J¥Õ½èµw¤Æ¯g(collagen)¡A¨Ò¦pscleroderma ¯u¥Öµw¤Æ
4.¬r©Ê¯e¯f(Malignant disease)¡A¨Ò¦pcarcinoma
IV ¥Ö½§½F¸~ªº¯e¯f
1.¯f¬r·P¬V¡A¨Ò¦psepsis ¦å¬r¯g¡Atuberculosis µ²®Ö¯g¡Asyphilis ±ö¬r
2.Keloid
formation
3.¬r©Ê¯e¯f¡A¨Ò¦pcarcinom¡C
°£¤F³o¨Ç¤H¨ªº¥Ö½§¥~¡A t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¤]¬O¦b¦çªA¥Ö²©Î©Ð«ÎÀð¾ÀªºÅðµß¡Bµo¾`µ¥¨a¯f¡A©Ò¥H§Q¥¼°O³o³¹©Ò´£¨ìªº¨a¯f¡A½d³ò¬Û·í¼sªx¡A¥i¥HªÖ©w¤£¬O²{¦bªº·÷ºÆ¯f¡C
5 Keil, Commentary on The Pentateuch,
p.378
6 BDB, p.683.
7 K.P.C. A Gramberg, Leprosy
and The Bible, (United Bible Society, 1961) p.2.
9 Browne, Leprosy in The
Bible, p.8; Cochrane, Biblical Leprosy, p.14; Hulse, "The Nature of
Biblical'Leprosy'", p.91; Gramberg, Leprosy and The Bible, p.4;
Wilkinson, "Leprosy and Leviticus: A problem of Semantics and
Translation", p.162. Margaret L. Davis, "Levitical Leprosy:
Uncleanness and the Psyche", Exp. Times 99, (1988): 136-139.
2.¼g§@°Ê¾÷
§Q¥¼°O¤£¬OÂå¾Ç®ÑÄy¡AÁ¿½×¨a¯f¥Øªº¡A¥Dn¬O±q©v±Ð§»öÆ[ÂI»¡©ú¬Æ»ò±¡ªpºâ¬O¤£¼ä²b¡A¤£¥i´Nªñ·|¹õ·q«ô¡A¨Ã«D±qÂå¾ÇÆ[ÂI¨Ó½×¯f±¡¡G
(1) t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¬O¥i¥H²¬·Uªº¯e¯f¡]¤Q¥|3¡^¡u©Ò¥H§Q¥¼°Oªº¤j³ÂºÆ¤£¬O¼¯µn®É¥Nªº·÷ºÆ¯f¡A¦]¬°ª½¦Üªñ´Á¤~¦³Âåªvªº¤èªk¡C¡v10ÁöµM¦p¦¹¡A³o¬q¸t¸g¥u«ü¥Ü«ç¼Ë§PÂ_¬O§_¦³¯f¡A«o§¹¥þ¨S¦³°Q½×«ç¼ËÂåªv¯f¤H¡C
(2)¡u¬Û·í©úÅã³o¨Ç¸g¤åªº´yz¡A¬O«D±`ªí±¤Æªº¤¶²Ð¥Ö½§©Î¨ü·P¬Vª«¥óªº±¡ªp¡AÅý«DÂåÀø¤Hû·¥®e©ö¤@²´«K¯à¿ë»{ªº´yø¡C¡v11©Ò¥H³o¨Ç®Ú¥»¤£¬OÂå¾Ç¶EÂ_¥Îªº³N»y¡A·íµM¤£¬O°O¿ý·÷ºÆ¯fªº¯f¨Ò¡C
(3)³o¬q¸t¸g«½Æªº»¡©ú²½¥qn¹î¬Ý¡AµM«á¨M©w¬O§_¼ä²b¡A©v±Ðªº»â³S²½¥q¦Ó«DÂå¾Ç±M®a¬°Â_¯gªÌ¡A¥i¨£³o¨Ç±ø¨Ò¬O©v±Ð§»öªº°Ê¾÷¡C
(4)³o¨â³¹ªºµ²»y¡A»¡©ú³o¨Ç¦³Ãö¨a¯fªº±ø¨Ò¡A¥Øªº¬O¥i¥H©w¬°¼ä²b¡A©Î¬O¤£¼ä²b¡]¤Q¤T59¡^«ü©ú¦ó®É¬°¼ä²b¡A¦ó®É¬°¤£¼ä²b¡]¤Q¥|57¡^¡A©Ò¥H©v±Ð§»öªº¼ä²b¬O³o¬q¸t¸g©ÒÃö¤ßªº¡A¤j·÷ºÆtsa{ra'ath ¦b¥»³¹ªº¤º®e¬O©v±Ð§»öªº¦rµü¡A¦Ü©ó³o¨Ç¬O§_Âå¾Ç©Ò»¡ªº·÷ºÆ¯f¡A§@ªÌ¨Ã¤£²z·|¡C
(5)²½¥qªºÂ_¯g¡A°ß¤@ªº¤èªk¬O¹î¬Ý¡A¦Óª`«ªº¬O¨a¯fªº²{¶H ha,r]mi mir~eh¡A·N«ä¬O¥~ªí®e»ª¡A¦Ó§¹¥þ¤£´£¯fµhªº·P¨ü¡A©Î±w¯fªºì¦]¡A¥i¨£©Ò¿×ªº¤j·÷ºÆ¤£¬O°Q½×¯f±¡¡A¦Ó¥u±q¼f¬ü¨¤«×¨Ó´yz¦]¯e¯f¥HP¥~ªí¦³ÃªÆ[¤¡A¤£¾A©y¥X®u·q«ô³õ¦X¡A©Ò¥HºÙ¬°¤£¼ä²b¡C¤U±ªº¨âӹϪí¥i¥H¸ÑÄÀ³o¬q¸t¸gªº°Ê¾÷¡C
¹Ï¤@¡A®Ú¾Ú¥»³¹ªº¸ê®Æ¡A¥i±N¨a¯f±¡ªp¤ÀªR¡G
¹Ï¤G¡A±N¹Ï¤@ªº±¡ªp»P·÷ºÆ¯f¤ñ¸û¡G
¤ñ¸û³o¨âӹϪí¡A§Q¥¼°O§P¬°¤£¼ä²bªº t['r'X; tsa{ra'ath ¤£¬O·÷ºÆ¯f¡A¬Û¤Ï¦a·÷ºÆ¯fªº±¡ªp«o²Å¦X¥»³¹±ø¥ó«Å§P¬°¼ä²b¡A³o»¡©ú³o¬q¨a¯f«ü¥Üªº°Ê¾÷¨Ã¤£¬OÁ¿½×·÷ºÆ¯f¡C
10 Snaith, Leviticus and Numbers,
p.99
11 Wilkinson, Ibid,
p.155.
3.¦r·½¬ã¨s
©M¦X¥»Â½Ä¶¬°¤j·÷ºÆªº§Æ§B¨Ó¤å t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ªº¦r®Ú [rX tsa{ra' ·N«ä¬OÀ»¥´¡C³o¦rªº°Êµü¦b¬ù¤T¦³³Q°Ê¦¡¥X²{¡A°ò¥»»yºA(Qal)³Q°Ê¤Àµü5¦¸¡A¦Ó±j½Õ»yºA³Q°Ê¦¡(Pual)15¦¸¡A³£¬O«ü¤H³Q¨a¯fÀ»¥´¡A©Ò¥H¦Wµü t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ´N¬OÀ»¥´¤Hªº¯e¯f¡C¬O¤@Ó«D±`§t½kªº¦Wµü¡A¨S¦³´£¨Ñ¬Æ»ò½u¯Á³o¦r¬O«ç¼ËÀ³¥Îªº¡C
³o§Æ§B¨Ó¦rì·N«Ü¦´N¬°¤H©Ò©¿²¤¡A¤j¬ù¥D«á¤G¦Ê¦~µS¤Ó¤HMishnah ¤¤½×¨a¯fªºNegaim¡A¥Dn¬OÁ¿½×§Q¥¼°O¤Q¤T©M¤Q¥|³¹©M·÷ºÆ¯f¡A¦ý¨ºùإΥ»³¹Â½Ä¶¬°¨a¯fªº [n'n, nega' ¤|´Àt['r'x; tsa{ra'ath¨£³o§Æ§B¨Ó¦r¨º®É¤£¬O¤@Ó·÷ºÆ¯fªº¯f¦W¡C
¼vÅT³Ì¤jªº¦r¡AÀ³¸Ó¬OLXX½Ķªº lepra¡A³o¦r¥Ñ©Ô¤B¤åªºµÄ¶lepra¡AÂàÅܦ¨^¤åªºleprosie ©Mleprosy¡A«á¨Ó§ó³Q¥Î¨ÓºÙ©I·÷ºÆ¯f¡C¦ý±q¦r·½¬ã¨s¡A«oµoı lepra ¨ä¹ê»P·÷ºÆ¯fµLÃö¡C lepra lepra ¬O±q°Êµü lepo lepo{¼¹éªº·N«ä¤Þ¦ù¥X¨Ó¡A¬O¤@¨Ç¥O¤H²ªÄoÃø·í¡AÄ̧ìP±w³Bªí¥Ö鸨ªº¯e¯f¡AÁöµM¥¼¯à»P t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath §¹¥þ¬Û¦P¡A¡u¦ý«öú¦©Ò¦³ªº¸ê®Æ¡A¥LÌ·í®É¨Ã°£¤F lepra ¥~¡A¨S¦³¨ä¥L¦r¥i¨Ñ¿ï¾Ü¡A§@¬°³o¨Ç¯fªpªºÂ½Ä¶¡C¡v12
lepra¦b¥j§Æþ¤å¤ÆùØ¡A¬O¤@ÓÃþÄݪº(generic)¦Wµü¡A¦¦bHippocrates(460-370 B.C.)¤w¸g¶}©l¦³®É¥Î²³¼ÆºÙ©I¡A¡u¤@¨Ç¥Ö½§ªº¯e¯f¡v¡A13¥]¬A¦³ leukh ¥Õ¦â¡B ajlfo" ¦Ç¥Õ©M mela" ¶Â¦âªº lepra ¡Cµy«áGalen(A.D. 131-201)31¦¸´£¤Î lepra ¡A¦ý³£¤£¬O·÷ºÆ¯f¡C14¬Ý¨Ó lepra lepra ¬O¤@¯ë©Êªº¥Ö½§¯f¡C
¥j§Æþ¨Ã«D¹ï·÷ºÆ¯f¤@µL©Òª¾¡A¤£¤Ö¤å¾ÇÃÒ¾ÚÅã¥Ü¦L«×¦b¥D«e¤C¥@¬ö¦³·÷ºÆ¯f¨Ò¡A15¤j¬ù¬O¨È¾ú¤s¤jªºx¶¤±N³o¯f±a¨ì§Æþ¡A«á¨Óù°¨¤j±NÃe°ö(Pompay)ªº¤h§L¡A§ó¥Ñ®J¤Î±N·÷ºÆ¯f¶Ç¦Üù°¨¤Î¾ãÓ¼Ú¬w¡C16¦bLXX ½Ķ«e§Æþ¤åºÙ·÷ºÆ¯f¬° ejlefa" ¡A ejlefantiasi" elephas, elephantiasis¡A¦Ó¤£¬O lepra ,
Celsus(25 B.C.-A.D.37)¦b¥L©Ô¤B¤åµÛ§@De
Medicina ùØ´£¨ì¡u§Æþ¤åºÙ©I¬°elephantiasis ªº¯e¯f(elephantiasis Graecorum)¡v17ªº¯gª¬»P²{¥NHansen's Disease¬Û¦ü¡C
¥j©Ô¤B¤åªºÂ¬ùĶ¥»¡AµÄ¶§Æþ¤ålepra ¨Ó½Ķ§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªº t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¤Î¦ÜC¬X¦Ì(Jerome)½ĶªZ¥[¤jĶ¥»®É(A.D.405)¡A¤´«O«ù³oӵĶ¡A¤£¥Î¨ºÓ®É¥N·÷ºÆ¯f¤w¦³½T©wªº¾Ç¦Welephantiasis Graecorum¡A¦Ó°í«ùÃþÄݪº¦Wµülepra¡A¥i¨£C¬X¦Ìµø t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath¬O·÷ºÆ¯f¡A¦Ó¥L±NÁɤ¤Q¤T4ªº³QÀ»¥´ ][Wgn; na{gu^`a½Ķ¬°leprosus §ó¶i¤@¨BÃÒ©ú½Ķ¬°lepra ªº t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¦bC¬X¦Ì®É¥Nªº¤F¸Ñ¡A¬O¤@¯ë©Êªº¯e¯f¡C18
Á`µ²¤Wz¦³Ãö·÷ºÆ¯fªº¥j¥N¥Î¦r¡AµL½×§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¡B§Æþ¤å©Î©Ô¤B¤åªº¸t¸g¡A¦b§Q¥¼°O¤Q¤T¡B¤Q¥|³¹©Ò¥Îªº¦r¡A§@ªÌ©MĶªÌ³£¤£¥H¬°¬O·÷ºÆ¯f¡A¥u§@´c©Ê¥Ö½§¯f¬Ý«Ý¡C
12 Ibid, p.162.
13 W.H.S. Jones½ĶHumours
xviiiªº leprai tine"¬°"certain skin disesaes", Hippocrated,
(Heinemann, 1931).
14 J.G. Andersen, "Studies in the
mediaeval diagnosis of leprosy in
15 Dharmendra, "Leprosy in Ancient
Hindu medicine", Leprosy in
16 Andersen, "Studies in the mediaeval
diagnosis of leprosy in
17 Celsus, De Medicina III, 25, 1,
(Loeb edition, Heninemann, 1948)vol. 1 p.342; Áú©Ó¨}¡A¦Ø¥¼¬öÄÀ¸q¡Ap.114.
18 W. MacArthur, "Mediaeval'Leprosy'
in
4.¦Ò¥j¸êªU
¤@¯ë¾ÇªÌ»{¬°·÷ºÆ¯fµo·½¦a¥i¯à¬O®J¤Î¡A¦ý¦Ò¥j¸ê®Æ«o§ä¤£¨ì¦b¬ù®É¥Nªº·÷ºÆ¯f¨Ò¡Aªñ¥N¦Ò¹î¤F¤d¦hÓ®J¤Îªºµo±¸©MÀˬdªºµ²ªG¡A³Ì¦ªº·÷ºÆ¯f²ª¸ñ¬O²Ä¤@¥@¬öªº¤ì¤D¥ì¦³·÷ºÆ¯f¦ÓÅܧΪº¤â¸}¡C¡u³o¬O«D±`¦³½ìªº¨Æ¹ê¡A¦b¤@Ó³Q¤½»{¬°·÷ºÆ¯f¬Û·í´¶¹Mªº¦a¤è¡A¥u§ä¨ì¤@Ó¯f¨Ò¡A¨Ã¥B¬O¦b¦´Á°ò·þ±Ðªº®É¥Nªº¡C¡v19
¦Ü©ó¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z¦a¡AMfller Christensen 1967¦~¦b©Ô¦Nµo±¸ªº¤»¦Ê¦h¨ã¿òÅé¡A§ä¤£¨ì·÷ºÆ¯fªº¨Ò¤l¡C20ÁöµM´¿¸g¦³¤H±À´ú{«n«°Beth-Shan ´M§äªº¤@Ó²~¤lªº¹Ï®×¡A¤H¸G¦Ó±ÁyÅܧβ{¶H¡A¬O·÷ºÆ¯fªºÃ¸¹Ï¡C21¥j¥N²~¤løµe¶É¦V¸Ø±i¡A¨Ã«D¼g¹ê¡A©Ò¥H·÷ºÆ¯f¾ÇªÌ³£¤£±µ¨ü¨º¬O·÷ºÆ¯fªºÃ¸¹Ï¡C22¨º¤H±¹Ï¥i¯à¬O¼É¶¼¼É¹ªº±¡ªp¡A¨§Î¸G¤pªº±«¬·¥¥i¯à¬O®J¤Î¸G¯«Bes©ÎPtah-Seker-Osirisªºµe¹³¡A©Ò¥H¦Ü¤µ¤´¥¼¦³¦Ò¥jªº¸ê®ÆÃÒ©ú¡A¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z¦a¦b¬ù®É¥N¤w¸g¨ü·÷ºÆ¯fªº«Â¯Ù¡A¥HP¼¯¦è»Ýn¥ß¨Ò³B²z³o¯f¯g¡C
19 Hulse¤Þ¥ÎG.E. Smith and W.R. Dawson, Egyptian
Mummies, (Allen and Unwin, 1924).¨ä¥Lµo±¸©M¬ã¨sªºµ²ªG¥]¬AElliot Smith and D.E. Derry,
"Anatornical Report", The Archaelogical Survey of Nubia Bulletin 6,
(1910): 29; J.T. Rowling, "Pathological changes in mummies", Proceedings
of Royal Society of Medicine 54, (1961): 409; V. Mfller-Christensen and D.R. Hughes,
"An Early Case of Leprosy from Nubia", Man 1, (New
Series)(1966): 242; P.H.K. Gray and D. Slow, "Egyptian mummies in the city
of Liverpool museums", Liverpool Bulletin, (1968)15, (Museums
Number).
22 R.G. Cochrane and T.F. Davey, Leprosy
in Theory and Practice, (John Wright and Sons, 1964) p.1; A. Rowe, The
Four Canaanite Temples of Beth-Shan, (University of Pennsylvania Press,
1940) p.57.
5.¸t¸g¯f¨Ò
¬ù°O¸ü¤»Ó t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¨a¯fªº¨Æ¨Ò¡A¼¯¦è»X¥l®É¡A¯«µ¹¥Lªº¤@ÓÃÒ¾Ú¡A¨Ï¥L¤âÅܦ¨¤j·÷ºÆ¤S´_ì¡]¥X¥|6¡^¡A¦Ì§Q·t¦]§ðÀ»¼¯¦è¦Óªø¤j·÷ºÆ¤C¤Ñ¡]¥Á¤Q¤G10-15¡^¡A¨ÈÄõ¤¸«Ó¤DÁg±o²¬Â¡¡]¤ý¤U¤1-14¡^¡A¥H§Q¨F¹²¤H°ò«¢¦è¦]³g¤ßªg¬V¤F¤DÁgªº¯f¡]¤ý¤W¤27¡^¡A¼»º¿§Q¨È«°ªùªº¥|Óªø¤j·÷ºÆªº¤H¡]¤ý¤U¤C3¡^©M¯Q¦è¶®¦]¾Õ¦Û¤W»¦Ó¾D¯«°»@¡]¤ý¤U¤Q¤5¡F¥N¤U¤Ü¤»19-23¡^¡C
¦b³o¨Ç¯f¨Ò¤¤¡A¥u¦³¤T¦¸´£¨ì¯fÄp¡G¦³³·¨º¼Ë¥Õ¡]¥X¥|6¡F¥Á¤Q¤G10¡F¤ý¤U¤27¡^¡A¦ý§Æ§B¨Óì¤å¡ALXX©MªZ¥[¤jĶ¥»³£¥u¬O¹³³·¡A¦]¬°t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath¥i¯à¦³¥Õ¦â±¡ªp¡A©Ò¥H©M¦X¥»¦b¨º¼Ë¥Õ®ÇÃä¥[ÂI¡A«ü©úì¨S¦³³o¨Ç¦r¡A¤DĶªÌ¥[¤W¥h§@¸ÑÄÀªº¡C¨Æ¹ê³o¤T³B¸g¤å¤ñ¸û³·ªº¦a¤è¤£¬OÃC¦âªº¥Õ¡A¦]¬°¦pªGnªí¹F³·ªº¥Õ¦â¡A¸t¸g´N²M·¡»¡¥X¥Õ¦p³·¡]Áɤ@18¡F¦ý¤C9¡^¡C³·¦b¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z¦a¬Oµu¼Èªº¡]§B¤»15¡B17¡^¡A23¥i¬O¡AÁöµM¼¯¦èªº¤â¯f±¡©M¦Ì§Q·t¤C¤Ñ´N®ø´²³£¬Oµu¼È¡A¦ý°ò«¢¦è©Ó¨ü¤DÁgªº¯f«o¬O¥Ã¤[©Êªº¡C©Ò¥H¹³³·¤£¬O¤ñ³ë¯f´Áµu¼È¡A¸û¥i¯à¬O´yz¯gª¬¥Ö½§¦p³·ªá¯ë¡A24¥þ¯àªÌ¦b¹Ò¤º»°´²¦C¤ýªº®ÉÔ¡A¶Õ¦pÄƳ·¡]§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¥u¬O¹³³·¡^¦b¼»Ì¡]¸Ö¤»¤Q¤K14¡^¡A«J´µ(Hulse)»{¬°´y¼g¦Ì§Q·t¹³¨º¥X¥À¸¡¡A¦×¤w¥b¤¯ªº¦ºL¡]¥Á¤Q¤G12¡^¡A¬O«ü¦ºÀ¦¥Ö½§²æ¸¨¡C25³oºØ¹³³·ªº¯e¯f²Å¦X¥»³¹ªº¯gª¬¡A´N¤£¬O·÷ºÆ¯f¡C
¹p»«¿Õ(L.I.Rabinovitz)µû½×³o´XÓ¬ùªº¯f¨Ò¡G¡u¦Ì§Q·tªº·÷ºÆ¬Oµu¼Èªº¡]¥Á¤Q¤G10-15¡^¡A¦Ó¤DÁg¨S¦³¨ü¨î¦a¦Û¥Ñ°Ñ»PªÀ·|¥Í¬¡¡]¤ý¤U¤³¹¡^¡A©Ò¥H¥i¯à¥u¦³³Q¦PM¹jÂ÷¿W©~ªº¤~¬O¯u¥¿·÷ºÆ¯f¡A¨Ò¦p¥|Ó¦í¦b¼»º¿§Q¨È«°¥~ªº·÷ºÆ¯f¤H¡]¤ý¤U¤C3-10¡^©Mªø¤[¹jÂ÷ªº¯Q¦è¶®¤ý¡]¥N¤U¤Ü¤»19-21¡^¡C¡v26³o¼Ë¥H©~¦í±¡ªp§PÂ_¬O§_·÷ºÆ¯f¨Ã¤£¥¿½T¡G(1)¦Ì§Q·t¤C¤Ñµu¼Èªº¯e¯f¡A¤£·|¬O·÷ºÆ¯f¡A¦ýµL½×¦p¦ó¡A¦b±w¯fªº®ÉÔ¡A¦o¬O¹jÂ÷ªº¡C©Ò¥H¹jÂ÷¨Ã¤£µ¥©ó±w·÷ºÆ¯f¡C(2)¤DÁg¨S¦³¹jÂ÷¨Ã¤£¯àÃÒ©ú¦a¤£¬O·÷ºÆ¯f±wªÌ¡A¥L¬Ox¶¤¤¸«Ó¡A¬O¨ÈÄõ°ê¤£¥i¤Öªº¤Hª«¡A©Ò¥H¥i¯à³o¬O¯S§Oªº±¡ªp¡A¦Ó¥B¥L¬O¥~¨¹¤H¡A¥¼¥²²z·|§Q¥¼°Oªº¹jÂ÷±¹©ì¡A©Ò¥Hµy«á´ÁªºµS¤Ó¶Ç²ÎMishnah »¡¡G¡u°£¤F¥~¨¹¤H©M±H©~ªº¡A¥ô¦ó¤H³£¥i¯à±q·÷ºÆ¯fÄp¬V¤W¤£¼ä²b¡C¡v¡]Negaim¡A3.1¡^·N«ä»¡§Q¥¼°Oªº±ø¨Ò¤£¾A¥Î©ó¥~¨¹¤H¡C(3)¤Z±w¤W¥ô¦ó¥»³¹¦CÁ|¨a¯fªº¤H¡A´Nn¿W©~Àç¥~¡]46¸`¡^¡A©Ò¥H³æ¾Ì¥|Ó¼»º¿§Q¨È¤H¦í¦b«°ªù¡A¤£¬OÂ_©w¥LÌ©Ò±wªº¥²µM¬O¯u¥¿·÷ºÆ¯f¡C(4)¡A¯Q¦è¶®¤ý±w¯f¥H«á¡A¤@ª½»P¤H¹jµ´ª½¨ì¥h¥@¡A¦ü¥G¬O©Ò±wªº¯f¤ñ¥Ö½§¯fÄY«±o¦h¡A¨¬¥HP©R¡C¦ý®Ú¾Ú¸t¸g´yzªº¯fÄp¡A¥i¯à¯Q¦è¶®±wªº¬O¥Õ»k¡A27¤]¥i¯à¬Olupus erythematosus28¤@ºØº¥ý±q«eÃBµo§@ªº¯f¡]¥N¤U¤Ü¤»19-20¡^¡C
Á`¬A¥»³¹¯f¦W½Ķªº°ÝÅV¡A²@µLºÃ°Ý t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¬O¥Ö½§¯f¡A¤¤¤å½Ķ¬°¤j·÷ºÆ¡A¹ê¦b¬O¦r·Nªº²V²c¡A¦Ó°í«ù¶Ç²ÎĶªk¡A®Ú¾Ú§Æþ¤å¡B©Ô¤B¤å¥H¤Î¥j¨å^¤å¤@³eªººÙ©ILeprosy¡A¤£²z·|»Pªñ¥N¦P¤@¦êªkªº¥t¤@Âå¾Ç¯f¦W©Ò¤Þ°_ªº²V¶Ã¡Aµ²ªG¥O¤H²£¥Í¿ùı¡A¥H¬°¶Ç²Îªº¥Îªk»P²{ªñªº©w¸q¬Û¦P¡A¥HP²@¤£¦Ò¼{¦a¨S¦³®Çµù©Î¤p¦r¸ÑÄÀ¡A´N¹B¥Îªñ¥N¯f¦W½Ķ t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¬°¤j·÷ºÆ¡A¨Ï²Ó¤ßÆp¬ãªºÅªªÌ¡Aµoı»P¥»³¹ªº¯gª¬¦W¤£²Å¹ê¡A¦¨¬°ÄÀ¸gªºÃøÃD¡Cª½¦ÜNew English Bible29²v¥ý¥Îmalignant skin-disease30¥N´À¥O¤H»~¸Ñ¶Ç²Îªº^¤å½Ķleprosy¡CÁöµM³o¦rªºÂå¾Ç¦WºÙ¦³°Óºe¾l¦a¡A¦ý¥H«áªº^¤åĶ¥»´N¥Î¸û´¶³q¥Ö½§¯fªº¦rµü¨Ó½Ķ¡A¨Ï¤H²M·¡ª¾¹D³o¬q¸t¸g«ü¥Üªº½d³ò¡C²{¤¤´c¦íªº¥Ö½§¯f¡]2¸`¡^¤ñ¸ûÄî¯f¡]«ä°ª¡^©M·÷ºÆÄݨa¯f¡]§f®¶¤¤¡^§ó±µªñì·N¡A¥i±¤²{¤¤¦b³o¨â³¹¤¤¥u³o¼Ë½Ķ¤@¦¸¡A¥¼¯à³e¹ý¦a½Ķ¥X¨Ó¡C
23 Denis Baly, The Geography of the
Bible, (Harper & Row, 1957) pp.50-51.
24 Browne, Leprosy in the
Bible, p.7.
25 Hulse, "The Nature of
Biblical'Leprosy'", p.93.
28 Snaith, Leviticus and Numbers,
p.92.
29 ³o¬ONEB³Ì¥DnªºÂ½¦rµü¡A§Q¤Q¤T¡B¤Q¥|³¹¦@¥Î¤F14¦¸¡A¨ä¥L¥Îµy¬°ÅܤÆÃþ¦üªº¦r¡Achronic
skin-disease, his disease¦U¤@¦¸¡Askin-disease 3¦¸¡Athe condition 2¦¸¡C¦Ü©ó¦çªA«hºÙ¬°stain of mould, ©Ð«Î¬Ofungus infection.
30 Malignant skin-disease¥i¥H¬O¥Ö½§Àùªº¤@ÓºÙ©I¡A¨Ã¤£¾A¦X³o¨â³¹ªº¥þ³¡¯gª¬¡CBrowne, "'Leprosy' In The New English Bible", p.46; Hulse,
"Leprosy and Ancient Egypt", Lancet II, (1972): 1024.
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3²½¥qn¹î¬Ý¦×¥Ö¤Wªº¨a¯f¡CY¨a¯f³Bªº¤ò¡A¤w¸gÅÜ¥Õ¡A¨a¯fªº²{¶H¡A²`©ó¦×¤Wªº¥Ö¡A³o«K¬O¤j·÷ºÆªº¨a¯f¡C²½¥qn¹î¬Ý¥L¡A©w¥L¬°¤£¼ä²b¡C
4Y¤õ´³¦b¥L¦×¥Ö¤W¬O¥Õªº¡A²{¶H¤£²`©ó¥Ö¡A¨ä¤Wªº¤ò¤]¨S¦³ÅÜ¥Õ¡A²½¥q´Nn±N¦³¨a¯fªº¤HÃöÂê¤C¤j¡C
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4.¦³¨a¯fªº¤H¡@ì¤å¥u¬O¨a¯f¡A¦ý¦b¥t¤@¦¸Á¿½×ÀˬdÃhºÃ¬V¦³¨a¯f²Óµßªº«ü¥Ü¤¤¡A²½¥q¦P¼Ën¹î¬Ý¨º¨a¯f¡]¤Q¥|37¡A¤ñ¸û¤Q¤T3¡^¡A¦pªG¦³¯fµß¬¡ÅDªº±¡ªp¡A²½¥q¤]¦³¥»¸`¦P¼Ë¦æ°ÊªùÂê ryNis]hi hisgi^r¡]¤Q¥|38¡A¤ñ¸û¤Q¤T4¡^¡A¦ý²M·¡»¡©ú¨üµü¬O¬V¨a¯fªºªF¦è¢w¢w©Ð¤l¡C¦Ó¤£¬O¨a¯f¡A¦b¤¬¬Û¤ñ¸û¤U¡A¥iª¾³o¸`ªº·N«ä¤]¬OÃöÂê±w¯fªº¤H¡A©Ò¥H¨a¯f ?? nega'¬O×Ãã¾Çªº´«³ëªk(metonymy)¡A¥H¤Hª«³¡¥÷¨Ó¥N´À¥þ¤H¡CÁöµMª½Ä¶À³¸Ó¬OLXX²½¥qnÃöÂ꨺¨a¯f¡A¦ý§f®¶¤¤¥Î¥[¤pÂIªº¤èªk¥¿½T¦a±Nì·Nªí¹F¥X¨Ó¡G²½¥qn±N±w¨a¯fªºÃö³¬¤C¤Ñ¡C
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6.µo·t¡@21¡B26¡B28¡B39¡B56¸`³£¥X²{³o¦r¡A©M¦X¥»ªºÂ½Ä¶¼Ò¸W¨â¥i¡A¥i¥H¬O·L¶Â¡]¤å²z¦ê¯]¡A¼sªF¸ÜĶ¥»¡^¡A¤S¥i¥H¬O·t²H¡]§f®¶¤¤¡^¡A¤w²H¡]«ä°ª¡^ªº·N«ä¡C hh;Ke ke{ha{h ·N«ä³vº¥¿Æ²H¡A¥Î¨Ó§Î®eµø¤O°I°h¡A¼Ò½k¤£²M¡]³Ð¤Ü¤C1¡^¡A©Îºë¯«°I±Ñ¡]µ²¤Ü¤C7¡^¡A©Ò¥H½Ķ¬°®ø°h¥i¯à§ó¦n¡C
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12¤j·÷ºÆY¦b¥Ö¤W¥|¥~µo´±¡Aªøº¡¤F±w¨a¯f¤Hªº¥Ö¡A¾Ú²½¥q¹î¬Ý¡A±qÀY¨ì¸}µL³B¤£¦³¡A
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11.¤j·÷ºÆ¡@§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¦³´XÓ¥Dn§Î®eªº¦r¡G hl;b; ba{la{h´Ý¡A @qez; za{qe{n ¦~¤éªø¤[¡A!d,q, qedem¤é¡A !lwO[ o^la{m¤W¥j¡C¥»¸`ªº tn,v,wOn no^shenethÁöµM¦³´X¦¸¬Oªº·N«ä¡]¥§¤T6¡A¤Q¤G39¡Fºq¤C13¡FÁɤܤG11¡^¡A¦ýµ´¤j¦h¼Æ¬O§Î®e¤HºÎı¡C¦pªG´yzª««~¡A´N¬Oîh¥ñ¡A¤ñ·Ó¥»®Ñ¥t¥~ªº¥|¦¸¡A½Ķ¬°³¯Â³¡]¤Ü¤22¡A¤Ü¤»10¡^¡A·÷ºÆ¯f¬O«ü¼ç¥ñ©Êªº¥Ö½§¯f¦Ó«D¯f´_µo¡Aªñ¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»ªº±J¥ñ¡]§f®¶¤¤¡^©MºC©Ê¡]«ä°ª¡B²{¤¤¡B·í¥N¸t¸g¡^¹ê¦b¤ñ¶Ç²Î½Ķ¬°Â²M·¡±o¦h¡C
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19.¥Õ¤¤±a¬õ¡@§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªº±a¬õ tm,D;m]da} ~@damda{meth¬O¤@ºØ¯S§Oµ²ºcªº¦Wµü¡A±N¬õ !dea; ~a{de{mªº²Ä¤G©M²Ä¤TÓ¦r«½Æªº«÷ªk¡A¬O±j½Õªº¥Î·N¡A33À³¸ÓĶ¬°«D±`¬õ¡A¦ý³o¼Ë«o»P¤W±¨â¦¸´£¨ì¥Õ¦â½Ä¬ð¡A©Ò¥H±a¬õ©Î«D±`¬õ¬O¥Hºµºµ¬õ¤õ¤ñ³ë°{²´¥Í½÷¡ALXX thlaugh"
leukainousa te{lauge{s leukainousa¥Õ±o°{Ä£¤j·§¬O§Î®e¦p³·¯ëªº¥Ö½§¯f±¡ªp¡]¥X¥|6¡F¥Á¤Q¤G10¡F¤ý¤U¤27¡^¡C
20.ºÚ©ó¥Ö¡@ lp;v; sha{pa{lªº·N¸q¡A©M»P²Ä3¸`²` qm[; 'a{mo{q ªº¤ñ¸û¡A°Ñ¦³Ãö·÷ºÆ¯fªº°Q½×¡C
21.ÃöÂê¤C¤Ñ¡@¥»³¹°£²Ä\cs164-6¸`±¡ªp¥~¡A¤C¤Ñ¹jÂ÷Æ[¹î´Á¤w¨¬°÷¡A¤j·§³o¨Ç¯f´_µoªº¶Ç¬V©Ê¸ûµu©Î§PÂ_¸û®e©ö¡C
23.²ª¸ñ¡@tb,r,x; ts{arebeth ì·N¿NµJ¡A¦¹³Bªº·N«ä¬OªZ¥[¤jĶ¥»cicatrix¡A§Y¥Ö½§¸g¹L¤õ¨`·Pı²£¥Íªºµ²¯m²{¶H¡C
31 BDB, p.863.
32 K-B, p.960.
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26¦ý¬O²½¥q¹î¬Ý¡A¦b¤õ´³¤¤Y¨S¦³¥Õ¤ò¡A¤]¨S¦³ºÚ©ó¥Ö¡A¤D¬Oµo·t¡A´Nn±N¥LÃöÂê¤C¤j¡C
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34²Ä¤C¤Ñ²½¥qn¹î¬ÝÀY¬Î¡AÀY¬ÎY¨S¦³¦b¥Ö¤Wµo´²¡A²{¶H¤]¤£²`©ó¥Ö¡A´Nn©w¥L¬°¼ä²b¡A¥Ln¬~¦çªA¡A¨Ï¦¨¬°¼ä²b¡C
35¦ý¥L±o¼ä²b¥H«á¡AÀY¬ÎY¦b¥Ö¤Wµo´²¶}¤F¡A
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37²½¥qY¬ÝÀY¬Î¤w¸g¤î¦í¡A¨ä¶¡¤]ªø¤F¶Â¤ò¡BÀY¬Î¤wµM²¬·U¡A¨º¤H¬O¼ä²b¤F¡A´Nn©w¥L¬°¼ä²b¡C
30.ÀY¬Î¡@³o§Æ§B¨Ó¦r qt';,,n, netheqªº·N¸q©M¤¤¤å½Ķ¡A°Ñ¤W¤å¤j·÷ºÆ¯gª¬ªº°Q½×¡AµL½×¦p¦ó¡A³o¬OÄY«¥Ö½§¯fªº¤@ºØ¡G(1)¥»¸`»¡©úÀY¬Î¬OÄY«¥Ö½§¯fªº¤j·÷ºÆ¡F(2)¥»¬qµ²»y¡]¤Q¥|54¡^¡A±NÀY¬Î©MðK¤l¡BÅ~¡B¤õ´³µ¥¤j·÷ºÆªº¯f¼x¨Ã¦C¡F(3)¥»¬qªº«ü¥Ü¡A»P²Ä¤@Ãþ¥Ö½§¯fªº´úÅç¬Û¦P¡A¦pªG¦³ºÃ°Ý¡An¹ê¦æ¨âÓ¤C¤Ñªº¹jÂ÷Æ[¹î´Á¡AÁöµM³oÃþ¯f²½¥q¤£¬O´M§ä¥Õ¤ò¡]3¡B4¡B21¸`µ¥¡^¡A¦Ó¬O²Ó¶À¤ò¡A³o¤j·§¬OÀY³¡ÅìÅ~(favus)¡A34¤]¬O¥Ö½§¯fªº¤@ºØ¡C
31.¨ä¶¡¤]¨S¦³¶Â¤ò¡@¦pªG¥H²Ó¶À¤ò¥N´À¥Õ¤ò¬O¯fÄp¡A¨º»ò«ö¨ä¥L¥Ö½§¯fªº´úÅ礽¦¡¡A¤ñ¹ï¤W¤@¸`²½¥qn¹î¬Ý¡A³o¨a¯f²{¶H¡AY²`©ó¥Ö¡A¨ä¶¡¦³²Ó¶À¤ò¡]°Ñ3¡B4¡B25¡B26¸`¤òYÅÜ¥Õ¡^¡A¥»¥y²½¥qY¹î¬ÝÀY¬Îªº¨a¯f¡A²{¶H¤£²`©ó¥Ö¡A±µú¦¤@¥y«Ü¦ÛµMÀ³¸Ó¬O¨ä¶¡¤]¨S¦³¡u²Ó¶À¤ò¡v¥¿¦p¤U¸`¤@¼Ë¤~¹ï¡A©Ò¥H¸ô¼w©M¬ö³Í¶øµ¥35±Ä¥ÎLXXªºÂ½Ä¶¡A¦b³o¥y¤]§ï¬°¨ä¶¡¤]¨S¦³²Ó¶À¤ò¡A¦ý³o¼Ë§ó§ï¸g¤å²@µL¥ô¦ó§Û¥»ªº¤ä«ù¡A¤]¹ê¦bµL¦¹¥²n¡A¦]¬°¶Â¤òÃÒ©úÀY¬Î²¬Â¡¡]37¸`¡^¡A©Ò¥H´M§ä¶Â¤ò¬O§PÂ_¼ä²b»P§_ªº¤@Ó«n±ø¥ó¡C
34 Hulse, "The Nature of
Biblical'Leprosy'", p.99.
35 Keil, Commentary on the
Pentateuch, p.381.
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38.¤õ´³¡B´N¬O¥Õ¤õ´³¡@§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªºµ²ºc trouh;B, jrih;B, tnO]b;l] beha{ro{th
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39.¥Õ¤¤±a¶Â¡@±a¶Â twhKeO ke{ho^th §Y²Ä6¸`ªºµo·t¡A©Ò¥H³oùؤ£¬O´yz¥Ö½§¤S¥Õ¤S¶Â¡A©Î¦Ç¥Õ¦â¡A¦Ó¬O²H¥Õ¦â©Î²L¥Õ¦â¡A¨Ã¤£¬O¹³³·¨º¼Ë¡C
¥ÕÅ~¡@ qh'BO ,,bo{haq³o§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¥u¦b³oùØ¥X²{¤@¦¸¡A©Ò¥H·N¸q¤£¯à½T©w¡ARV ©MRSV½Ķ¬°tetter¤ôúj¯l¡A²{¥N¨È©Ô§B¤å¤´¥Hbahaq ºÙ©I¤@¯ë©Êªº¥Ö½§¯f¡C36ÁöµM¾Ç¦W¤£¯à½T©w¡A¦ý¥»¬q¨S¦³´£¨ì²`©ó¥Ö¦×¡A©Ò¥H³oÅã¥Ü¨Ã«D¦³®`ªº¥Ö½§¯f¡A©Ò¥Hºâ¬O¼ä²b¡C
¨rÀY»P¥Ö½§¯f¡]40-44¸`¡^
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40.¤£¹L¬OÀY¨r¡AÁÙ¬O¼ä²b¡@¥H¦â¦C¤H¥HÀY¨r¬°²Û¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦³®É¥H¬°¬O¥X©ó¯«ªº¦D»@¡]¤ý¤U¤G23¡FÁɤT17¡FC¥|¤Q¤K37¡^¡C¦ý¥»¸`«o«ü¥X¤HÀY¤Wªº¾vY±¼¤U¡A¥¼¥²¬O¯e¯fªº«áªG¡C
ÀY¨r¡@ÁöµM§Æ§B¨Ó¤å j'reqe qe{re{ach¥i¥H¬O¤@¯ë¨rÀYªº·N«ä¡A¦ý»P¤U¸`³»«e©M³»ªù¤ñ¸û¡A¥»¸`ªºÀY¨r´N¬O«ü«á¸£³¡¥÷ÀY¨r¡A¤å²z¦ê¯]´N½Ķ¬°³»«á¡C
¥Ö½§¯f¤Hªº³B²z¡]45-46¸`¡^
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45.¼¹µõ¡@¼¹µõ¦çªA¬Oªí¥Ü¼~¶Ë¦Û¨õªº¤ß¡A¥»¸`ªº¼¹µõ !rP pa{ram³o¦r¡A¥u¦³¦b§Q¥¼°O¥X²{¡A¥t¥~ªº¨â¦¸¡]¤Q6¡A¤Ü¤@10¡^³£»P©ÜÀY´²¾v¡Aªí¥Ü¬°¦º¤H¤Ý³à¡C²Å¦X¬ù¤@¯ë´yz¼¹µõ¡] [r'q; qa{rae¡^¦çªA¡A¬O¬°¦º¤H¡]³Ð¤Ê¤C34¡F¼»¤U¤@11¡^©Î¬°¸o¡]¥Á¤Q¥|6¡F¤ý¤U¤Ü¤G11¡F©Ô¤E5¡^¡A©Îº×±w¡]¤ý¤U¤Q¤@14¡A¤Q¤E1¡^¼~¶Ëªº°O¸¹¡C
»Xú¦¤W®B¡@!p;c; sa{pha{m¦b¬ù¥u¥Î¤F¥|¦¸¡A¯u¥¿·N¸qÃø¥H½T©w¡A¼»¤U¤Q¤E24³o¦r¬OÄGŽ¡Aµ²¤Ü¥|17¡B22¡FÀ±¤T7«h«ü¾ãÓ±ªº¤U¥b³¡¡A¦ü¥G¤£¤î¬O¤W®B¡A©Ò¥H²{¤¤Â½Ä¶§@¡G¾B¦íÁyªº¤U³¡¡C³o¬O¤Ý³àªº°Ê§@¡]µ²¤Ü¥|17¡B22¡^©Î²Û·\ªºªí¥Ü¡]À±¤T7¡^¡C
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46.¿W©~Àç¥~¡@§Æ§B¨Ó¤å rr;B; ba{da{d©TµM¥i¥H½Ķ¬°¿W¡A¦ý¿W©~Àç¥~¨Ï¤H¿ùı±w¯fªº¤H¥²¶·¤À§O³æ¿WÓ¤H¥Í¬¡¡A³o¼Ë¦w±Æ¥¼§K¤Ó´Ý»Å¤F¡An¤@Ó¤H§¹¥þ²æÂ÷ªÀ·|©t¿W¥Í¬¡¡A¤×¨ä¦bÃm³¥ÄƬyªº±¡ªp¡A´N¬OºC©Êªº§é¿i¦Ü¦º¡C¨ä¹ê±w¯fªº¤H¡AÁö©~¦íÀç¥~¡A¦ý¤´µM¥i¥H»P¤£¼ä²bªº¤Húó©~¡A¦b«°¥~¦Û¹¨ä¤O¡A©Ò¥H°O¸ü¼»º¿§Q¨È«°¥~¦³¥|Óªø¤j·÷ºÆªº¤H¦b¤@°_¡]¤ý¤U¤C3¡^¡AC¿q¤]¨£¨ì¤QÓ¤j·÷ºÆ¯f¤H¤@°_¦æ°Ê¡]¸ô¤Q¤C12¡^¡A©Ò¥H³oùتº ?? À³¸Ó¬OÁɤQ¥|31¡A¤Ü¤C10¨ºùØÂ÷ú󪺷N«ä¡A²{¤¤ªºÂ½Ä¶¥L¥²¶·¦í¦bÀç¥~¡A¸ò¥~¤H¹jÂ÷ȱo¦Ò¼{¡C
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57Y¤´³W¦b¦çªA¤W¡A©Î¬O¸g¤W¡A½n¤W¡A¥Ö¤l§@ªº¬Æ»òª«¥ó¤W¡A³o´N¬O¨a¯f¤Sµo¤F¡A¥²¥Î¤õµI¿N¨º¬V¨a¯fªºª«¥ó¡C
58©Ò¬~ªº¦çªA¡A©Î¬O¸g¡A©Î¬O½n¡A©Î¬O¥Ö¤l§@ªº¬Æ»òª«¥ó¡AY¨a¯fÂ÷¶}¤F¡An¦A¬~¡A´N¼ä²b¤F¡C
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47.¬V¤F¤j·÷ºÆªº¦çªA¡@¦çªA¤£¥i¯à±w¤j·÷ºÆ¯fªº¡A«ö¥»¬q¯gª¬ªº´yz¡A¬Oµoºñ©Îµo¬õªº¡A³o¤j·§¬O«üµo¾`ªº²{¶H¡C©Ò¥H¤å²z©M²{¤¤³£±N³o¬qªº tb,r,x; tsa{ra'ath ½Ķ¬°µo¾`¡C
48.¦b¸g¤W¡B¦b½n¤W¡@¦b¬ù¤¤¥u¦³¥»³¹ªº¤K¦¸¡]48¡B49¡B51¡B52¡B53¡B56¡B57¡B58¸`¡^¡C³oӶDzΪºÂ½Ä¶»á¦³°ÝÃD¡A¦]¬°¦çªA¥²¶·¥Î½u¸g½n¾îª½¦a½s´¦Ó¦¨¡A¤£¥i¯à¥u¦b¸g¤W¡]ª½½u¡^©Î¥u¦b½n¤W¡]¾î½u¡^¬V¨ì¾`µßªº±¡ªp¡C¸g¤W§Æ§B¨Ó¤å ytiv] sh#thi^ °£¤F§@·í¬O¸g½u¥~¡A¤]¥i¥H¬O½sµ²ªº¡C37½n¤W br,[oe 'ereb¦r®Ú·N«ä¬O²VÂø¡A©Ò¥H¤j·§¬Oª½¾î½u¥æ¿ùªº¯¼Â´ªº¡A38«ä°ªÄ¶¥»§@¡G¤ò¯¼Â´©Î½s´ªº¡A§f®¶¤¤¬O½u±ø©Î´T¶ô¡C
49.©Î¬Oµoºñ¡A©Î¬Oµo¬õ\cs8¡@µo¬õ§Y19¸`¥Õ¤¤±a¬õªº§Æ§B¨Ó¤å tm,D;m]d'a} ~adamda{meth¡A©Ò¥H¤]¥i¸ÑÄÀ¬°°{Ä£¡A¥»¥yµoºñ qr'q]r'y] y#raqraq³o¦rªººc³y¤]¬O«½Æ²Ä¤G©M²Ä¤TÓ¦r¡A«ö¤åªk¤]¥i¸ÑÄÀ¬°°{Ä£¡A¦ý¨â¦r¦³©Î wOa ~o^¦r¤À¹j¡Aªí©ú¨â¦r¬O¦¨¹ï¤ñ¡A©Ò¥H¥»¥y³o¨â¦r¤£¥i¯à¦P¬°§Î®eÄ£²´¥Í½÷¡A¦Ó¬O«ü¨âºØ§¹¥þ¤£¦PªºÃC¦â¡C
51.Åú¹¡@³o¬O«D±`¨u¨£ªº¦r¡A tr,a,m]m' mam'ereth°£¥»¸`¥~¡A¥u¦³52¸`¡A¤Q¥|44©Mµ²¤Ü¤K24¡]¨º³B½Ķ¬°«f¤H¡^³o´X¦¸¡C¦r®ÚµLªk½T©w¡A¥i¯à¬OLXX ??ejmmono" emmonos ¹x´c¡AµLªkªv·Uªº·N«ä¡C
55.³z«¡@§Æ§B¨Ó¤å tt,j,P] p#chetheth¦b¬ù¥u¦¹¤@¦¸¡A©Ò¥H·N¸q¤£²M·¡¡ABDB ±N¥¦·í§@ tj'P;' pa{chath§|ªººtÅܦr¡A¨º»ò´N¬O»G»kªº·N«ä¡C
¥¿±¤Ï±¡@§Æ§B¨Ó¤åª½Ä¶¬O¥¦ªº³»«á©Î¥¦ªº«eÃB¡A´N¬O40¸`©M41¸`§Î®e¨rÀYªº¦r¥y¡A·íµM¦b¦çªA´N¬O¦V¥~©M¶K¨ªº¥¿¤Ï±¡C
¨ºª«¥ó´N¤£¼ä²b¤F¡A¬O³z«ªº¨a¯f¡AµL½×¥¿±¤Ï±¡A³£n¦b¤õ¤¤µI¿N¡@©M¦X¥»ªºÂ½Ä¶¬Û·í§t½k¡A¥O¤H¥H¬°µL½×¥¿±¤Ï±¬O§Î®e¤U¥y³£n¦b¤õ¤¤µI¿N¡A§Y¤ù¥Ò¤£¯d¦a§¹¥þ¿N±¼¡C¦ýì¤å¥y¤lµ²ºc¡AµL½×¥¿±¤Ï±¬O§Î®e¤W¥y¬O³z«ªº¨a¯f¡C·N«ä¬O¡GÀ³¥Î¤õ¿N±¼¡A¦]¬°ùØ¥~³£»G»k¤F¡]«ä°ª¡^©ÎµL½×¾`¬O¦b¥¿±©Î¤Ï±¡A¨ºªF¦è¥²¶·¥Î¤õ¿N±¼¡]²{¤¤¡^¡C
37
38 Snaith, Leviticus and
Numbers, p.99.
¢w¢w ¬x¦P«j¡m¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¢w¢w§Q¥¼°O¡n