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©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«á®Ñ¸ò«e®ÑªºÃö«Y«D±`±K¤Á¡A³o¨â¨÷®ÑªºµùÄÀ³q±`³£¥H¤@¥»¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e«á®ÑµùÄÀ¡vªº§Î¦¡±¥@¡C2µ§ªÌì¨Óªºp¹º¤]¬O³o¼Ë¡A¤£¹L³æ¬O«e®ÑµùÄÀªº¸ê®Æ¨Ï¤w¨¬°÷¦¨®Ñ¡AY¥[¤W«á®ÑªºµùÄÀ·|¨Ï¾ã¥»®ÑÅܱo¤Óªø¡A¨Ã¥Bn¦hµ¥¦Ü¤Ö¤@¦~¤~¥i¥H¥I±ê¡A¦]¦¹¤Ñ¹D®Ñ¼ÓªYµM¦P·N¥ý¥Xª©¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡A¤é«á¦A¥Xª©«á®ÑªºµùÄÀ¡C³o¸û¤£´M±`ªº¦w±Æ¹ïµ§ªÌ¬O«Ü¤jªº¹ªÀy¡A¬°¦¹n¯S§O¦V¤Ñ¹D®Ñ¼Ó¥Xª©³¡¸g²z
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1 Dr. E.F.
2 ¦b¼w¤åªºµùÄÀ®Ñ¤¤¡A¥u¬OÄÄÄÀ«e®Ñ©Î«á®Ñªº¬°¼Æ»á¤£¤Ö¡]°ÑBruce xxix©Ò¦C®Ñ¥Ø¡^¡A³o¸ò¤@¨Ç¾ÇªÌ»{¬°«á®Ñ¨Ã«D¥X¦Û«Où¤âµ§¦¹¬Ýªk¦³Ãö¡C
3 µ§ªÌ©ó¤C¤»¦~¥V©u¤Î¬K©u¡]¤@¦Ü¤»¤ë¡^©Ò±Ðªº¡u¤¤¯Å§Æþ¤å¡v¤@¬ì¡A¤]¬O¥u¦³¤T¦ì¦P¾Ç×Ū¡]¨ä¤¤¨â¦ì¤w«ö¥ß¬°ªª®v¡A²{¤µ¤À§O±q¨Æªª·|¤Î¯«¾Ç°|Á¿®v¤§¤u§@¡A¥t¤@¦ì¤w©ó¦~«e®§¤F¦a¤Wªº³ÒW¡^¡C¡uì¤åÄÀ¸g¡v¤@¬ì¤H¼Æ³Ì¦hªº¤@¦¸¡Anºâ¤K¥|¦~¬î©u¶}³]ªº¡u¥[©Ô¤Ó®Ñ¡v¡A¦³¤G¤Q¤G¤H×Ū¡C
4 ¤Ñ¹D®Ñ¼Ó¡u®Ñ°T¡v²Ä¤G¤Q¥|´Á¡]¤@¤E¤K¤K¦~¤E¦Ü¤Q¤ë¡^¡C
²¼gªí
¦êÄÀ ¡u¸t¸g¢w¢w¦ê¯]¡DµùÄÀ¥»¡v¡]»´ä¡A¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|½s¼¶¡AÃÒ¹D¥Xª©ªÀ¥Xª©¡F·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ1984¡A¬ù¥þ®Ñ1986¡A·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ1987¡^
©M¦X ¡u·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ¡v¡]»´ä¸t¸g¤½·|¡F²{¥N¼ÐÂI²Å¸¹·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ1978¡^
«ä°ª ¡u¸t¸g¡v¡]»´ä«ä°ª¸t¸g¾Ç·|1968¡^
²{¤¤ ¡u¸t¸g¢w¢w²{¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»¡v¡]»´ä¸t¸g¤½·|1980¡^
·í¸t ¡u·í¥N¸t¸g¡v¡]»´ä¤Ñ¹D1979¡^
·sĶ ¡u·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ·sĶ¥»¡v¡]»´ä¤¤¤å¸t¸g·sĶ©eû·|1976¡^
©P ©P§Ó¬êµÛ¡G¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e«á®ÑÁ¿¸q¡v¡]»´ä«Å¹D1967¡^
AB Anchor
Bible
AGJU Arbeiten
zur Geschichte des Antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums
art. cit. article
cited
AV Authorized
(King James) Version
BAGD W.
Bauer - W.F. Arndt - F.W. Gingrich - F.W. Danker, A Greek-English Lexicon of
the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago 1979)
Barclay William
Barclay, The Letters to the Philippians, Colossians, and Thessalonians
(rev. ed.;
BDF F.
Blass - A. Debrunner - R.W. Funk, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and
Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago 1961/1967)
Best Ernest
Best, The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians (BNTC; London
1972/1977)
BETL Bibliotheca
Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium
BFBS 'HKAINH DIAQKH, ed. G.D. Kilpatrick
(2nd ed.;
BibToday The
Bible Today
BibTrans The
Bible Translator
BJRL Bulletin
of the
BNTC Black's
New Testament Commentaries
BTB Biblical
Theology Bulletin
Bruce F.F,
Bruce, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, (WBC 45; Waco1982)
Bruce I F.F.
Bruce, Paul and His Converts (London/New York 1962)
Brace II F.F.
Bruce, '1 and 2 Thessalonians', in NBCR 1154-1165
c. circa,
about
Calvin John
Calvin, The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the Romans and to the
Thessalonians (E.T,; Edinburgh/London 1961)
CBC
CBQ Catholic
Biblical Quarterly
cf. confer,
compare
CGSTJ CGST
Journal (Journal of
Collins R.F.
Collins, Studies on the First Letter to the Thessalonians (BETL 66;
Leuven 1984)
Concordance Concordance
to the Novum Testamentum Graece (3rd ed.;
Dana-Mantey H.E.
Dana and J.R. Mantey, A Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament (
Denney James
Denney, The Epistles to the Thessalonians, in The Expositor's Bible, ed.
W.R. Nicoll (6 vols;
ed. edition/editor(s)
e.g. exempli
gratia, for example
EGT The
Expositor's Greek Testament, ed. W.R. Nicoll (5 vols;
Ellicott C.
J. Ellicott,
Ellingworth-Nida Paul
Ellingworth and E.A. Nida, A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letters to the
Thessalonians (HFT; Stuttgart 1976)
EQ Evangelical
Quarterly
Erdman C.
R. Erdman, The Epistles of Paul to the Thessalonians (
ERT Evangelical
Review of Theology
esp. especially
E.T. English
translation
et al. and
others
Frame J.E.
Frame, The Epistles of
FS Festschrift
GNB Good
News Bible (¡×Today's English
Version)
GNC Good
News Commentary
Grayston Kenneth
Grayston, The Letters of Paul to the Philippians and to the Thessalonians
(CBC; Cambridge 1967)
Hendriksen Wiiiiam
Hendriksen, I & II Thessalonians (London, 1972 repr.)
Henneken Bartholoma/us Henneken, Verku/ndigung und
Prophetie im 1. Thessalonicherbrief (Stuttgarter
Bibelstudien 29; Stuttgart 1969)
HFT Helps
for Translator
HNTC Harper's
New Testament Commentaries
IBD Illustrated
Bible Dictionary rev. ed. Norman Hillyer (3 parts;
IBS lrish
Biblical Studies,
ICC International
Critical Commentary
IDB/IDBS The
Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, ed. G.A. Buttrick et
al. (4 vols;
idem the
same
Idiom C.F.D.
Moule, An Idiom Book of New Testament Greek (2nd ed.;
i.e. id
est, that is
ISBER The
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, ed. G.W. Bromiley et
aL (fully revised, 4 vols; Grand Rapids 1979-1988)
JAAR Journal
of the
JBL Journal
of Biblical Literature
JETS Journal
of the Evangelical Theological Society
Lightfoot J.B.
Lightfoot, 'First Epistle to the Thessalonians' and 'Second Epistle to the
Thessalonians', Notes on Epistles of St Paul from Unpublished Commentaries
(London 1895), 1-92 and 93-126, respectively
Metzger B.M.
Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (London and New
York 1971)
MHT J.H.
Moulton - W.F. Howard - N. Turner, A Grammar of New Testament Greek (4
vols; Edinburgh 1906-1976)
Milligan George
Milligan, St Paul's Epistles to the Thessalonians (
MM J.H.
Moulton - G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (London
1930/1972)
MNTC Moffatt
New Testament Commentary
Moffatt James
Moffatt, 'The First and Second Epistles to the 'Thessalonians', in EGT
IV 1-54
Moods and Tenses E.D.
Burton, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek (1900:
Morris I Leon
Morris, The Epistles of Paul to the Thessalonians (TNTC; London
1956/1963)
Morris II Leon
Morris, The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians (NICNT; Grand
Rapids 1959/1964)
Morris III Leon
Morris, '1 Thessalonians' and '2 Thessalonians', in The NIV Study Bible,
ed. Kenneth Barker et al.
NASB New
American Standard Bible
NBCR The
New Bible Commentary Revised, ed. Donald Guthrie et al. (
NCB/NCBC New
Century Bible/New Century Bible Commentary
n.d. no
date
Neil William
Neil, The Epistle(s) of Paul to the Thessalonians (MNTC; London 1950)
Nestle-Aland Nestle-Aland,
Greek-English New Testament (26th rev. ed.;
NICNT New
International Commentary on the New Testament
NIDCC New
International Dictionary of the Christian Church, ed. J.D. Douglas (
NIDNTT New
International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, ed. Colin Brown
(E.T., 3 vols; Grand Rapids 1975-78)
NIGTC New
International Greek Testament Commentary
NIV New
International Version
NLCNT The
New London Commentary on the New Testament (= British edition of NICNT)
NovT Novum
Testamentum
NovTSupp Supplements
to Novum Testamentum
n.s. new
series
NTA New
Testament Abstracts
NTS New
Testament Studies
pace with
or by the leave (¡×permisson)
of
Palmer E.
F. Palmer, 1 and 2 Thessalonians, (GNC; San Francisco 1983)
PC Proclamation
Commentaries
repr. reprint/reprinted
rev. revised/revision
RSV Revised
Standard Version
RTR Reformed
Theological Review
RV Revised
Version
SBT Studies
in Biblical Theology
SNTSMS Society
for New Testament Studies Monograph Series
StudEv Studia
Evangelica
s.v. sub
voce, under the heading; sub verba, under the word
TDNT Theological
Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. G.W. Bromiley (E.T., 9 vols; Grand Rapid,
1964-74), with index (10th) volume by R.E. Pitkin (1976)
TDNTA Theological
Dictionary of the New Testament, abridged in one volume by G.W. Bromiley (Grand
Rapids, 1985)
TEV Today's
English Version (¡×Good News
Bible)
Thayer J.H.
Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, translated,
revised and enlarged from Grimm's Wilke's Clavis Novi Testamenti (
TNTC Tyndale
New Testament Commentary
TOTC Tyndale
Old Testament Commentary
Trench R.C.
Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament (9th ed., 1880;
UBS The
Greek New Testament, ed. K. Aland et al. (United Bible Societies
1966)
Veldkamp Herman
Veldkamp, Waiting for Christ's Return (E.T.; St. Catharines, Ont. 1978)
VE Vox
Evangelica
WBC Word
Biblical Commentary
Whiteley D.E.H.
Whiteley, Thessalonians (New Clarendon Bible; London 1969)
Wolff Richard
Wolff, The First and Second Epistles of Paul to the Thessalonians (
Zerwick Maximilian
Zerwick, Biblical Greek (E.T.; Rome 1963)
µù¡G
(1)¦b¤Þz¤Wªí¤§BDF, Dana-Mantey, Moods and Tenses, Zerwick¦U®Ñ®É¡A²¼g«áªº¼Æ¦r¬O¸Ó®Ñªº¬q¼Æ¦Ó«D¶¼Æ¡C
(2)°£«D¥t¥~µù©ú¡A¥»®Ñ©Ò¤Þ¥Îªº·s¬ù¸g¤å¬Ò¥X¦Û©M¦X¥»¡C
(3)§Æþ¦rµü¦b«Où®Ñ«H¤Î/©Î·s¬ù¥X²{ªº¦¸¼Æ¡A«Y®Ú¾ÚConcordanceªº¸ê®Æpºâ¡A¦³*²Å¸¹ªÌ¡]ªí¥Ü²§¤å¡^¤£ºâ¦b¤º¡C
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³ü¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®Ñªº§@ªÌ
¶L¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«°
úS¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§{ªº±Ð·|
¸v¡@¼g§@ªºì¦]©M¥Øªº
¥î¡@¼g§@ªº¦aÂI©M®É¶¡
³°¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®Ñªº§¹¾ã©Ê
³ü¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®Ñªº§@ªÌ
§@ªÌ¦b«H¤W¨â¦¸¦ÛºÙ¬°«Où¡]¤@1¡A¤G18¡^¡C¥u¦³¤Ö¼Æªº¾ÇªÌ´¿¹ï©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®Ñ¬O¥X¦Û«Où¤âµ§¦¹µ²½×´£¥X½èºÃ¡F³ÌÅãµÛ¡]¦ý¤£¬O³Ì¦¡^ªº¨Ò¤lnºâ¤Q¤E¥@¬öªº¥]Ò©M¥Lªº§ù¥®Ú¾Ç¬£¡C1¥LÌ´£¥Xªº¤Ï¹ï²z¥Ñ¥Dn¦³¤TÂI¡G©««e¦bµüĦ©MÅéµô¤W¦³§O©ó¥|«Ê¥Dnªº«Où®Ñ«H¡]ù°¨®Ñ¡BôªL¦h«e«á®Ñ¡B¥[©Ô¤Ó®Ñ¡^¡F©««e¨S¦³Â¬ùªº¤Þ¥y¡F«Où³ÌÅãµÛªº«ä·Q¨S¦³¦b«H¤W¥X²{¡C2¥]Ò»{¬°©««e¬O®Ú¾Ú¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¡]¥]Òµø¤§¬°¤G¥@¬öªº§@«~¡^ªº°O±Ô¼g¦¨ªº¡A«H¤º§t¦³¯u¥¿ªº«Où®Ñ«H¡]¤×¨ä¬OôªL¦h«e«á®Ñ¡^ªº¦^¾Ð¡F¥L¤S»{¬°¬JµM©««e¤G³¹¤Q¤»¸`¦³¯«ªº©Á«ã¡u²×©ó¡v¡]²{¤¤¡^Á{¨ì¤FµS¤Ó¤H³o¥y¸Ü¡A«ö²z¥²¥ý¦³¥D«á¤C¤Q¦~C¸ô¼»§N²_³´ªº¨Æ¹ê¡F¦]¦¹¥Lµ²½×»¡¡A©««e¬O«Oùªº¤@Óªù®{¦b¥D«á¤C¤Q¦~¤§«á¼gªº¡A¥Lªº¥Øªº¬On«ì´_±Ð·|¹ï¥D¤§¦A¨Óªº¿³½ì¡C¦ý³oºØ·¥ºÝªº¬Ýªk¥u¬O¡u§å§P¾Ç¾ú¥v¤¤ªº¤@¥ó©Çª«¡v¡A¦b¤µ¤Ñªº¾ÇªÌ¤¤§¹¥þ¤£Àò¤ä«ù¡C3
¸ûªñ´Áªº¤@¨Ç¾ÇªÌ±Ä¥Î¹q¸£²Îp¤ÀªRªk¬ã¨s«Où®Ñ«Hªº¦r·J©MÅéµô¡A¨ä¤¤¤@¦ì¹F¨ì¤U±ªºµ²½×¡G©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«á®Ñ¡B´£¦h®Ñ¤ÎµÌ§Qªù®Ñªº½g´T¤Óµu¡A¤£¯à²£¥Í¥ô¦óµ²ªG¡Fù°¨®Ñ¡BôªL¦h«e«á®Ñ¤Î¥[©Ô¤Ó®Ñ¬O«Où¼gªº¡F¥H¥±©Ò®Ñ¡BµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤Îºqù¦è®Ñ¸ò´£¼¯¤Ó«e«á®Ñ¤À§O¥X¦Û¥t¥~¨âÓ¤£¦Pªº¤Hªº¤âµ§¡F©««e«h¤¶¥G¦¹¤G²Õ¡]§Y¥±¡BµÌ¡B¦è¡A¤Î´£«e¡B´£«á¡^¤§¶¡¡A¥¦¥i¯àÄÝ©ó¨ä¤¤¤@²Õ¡A©Î¨â²Õ¤]¤£ÄÝ¡A¦ý¤£¯à¦P®ÉÄÝ©ó¨â²Õ¡C4´«¨¥¤§¡A©««e¨Ã¤£¬O«Où©Ò¼gªº¡]¸Ó§@ªÌ»{¬°©««á¤]¤£¬O¡^¡C¦ý©««eÁöµM¤ñ«á®Ñ¸ûªø¡A«o¤´µM¤£¬O¤@«Ê«Üªøªº«H¡A5±N¹q¸£¤ÀªRªkÀ³¥Î©ó³o»òµuªº¤@«Ê«H¡A¨ä¦³®Ä©Ê¬O»áȱoÃhºÃªº¡C6¦¹¥~¡AÕY¦è©Ô¬O«Oùªº¥Nµ§¤H¡]°Ñ¤27µùÄÀ¡^¡A¦Ó¥L¦bºc¦¨¦¹«Hªº¨Æ¤W§êºt¤F¬Û·í«nªº¨¤¦â¡A¨º«K¨¬¥H¸ÑÄÀ°Q½×¤¤ªº³o¦ì¾ÇªÌ©Ò´£¥XÃö©ó©««e¦bÅéµô¤è±¸ò¥|«Ê¥Dnªº«Où®Ñ«Hªº¤À§O¤F¡C7
Á`¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A¤µ¤Ñªº¾ÇªÌ¤¤ÂA¦³¤HÃhºÃ©««e¨Ã«D«Où©Ò¼gªº¡A¥HP¦³ÄÀ¸gªÌ°®¯Üªº°²©w¦¹«H¬O¥X¦Û«Où¤âµ§¡A¡u¦]¬°¡e§ÚÌ¡f¨S»Ýn¹ïµL¤H½èºÃªº¡e½×ÂI¡f¥[¥HÅGÅ@¡v¡C8
¤£¹L¡A¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó©ó¨÷º»P«OùÁp¦W¥X²{¡A¨Ã¥B°£¤F¤T³B¦a¤è¬ðµM¥Î³æ¼Æªº²Ä¤@¤HºÙ¡u§Ú¡v¦r¥~¡]¤G18¡A¤T5¡A¤27¡F°Ñ©««á¤G5¡A¤T17¡^¡A¥þ®Ñ³£¬O¥Î½Æ¼Æªº²Ä¤@¤HºÙ¡u§ÚÌ¡v¡A³o²{¶H¦³°Q½×ªº¥²n¡]¸Ô¨£¤@
2 Cf.
Guthrie, Introduction 567 n.2; Best 22-23.
3 ¨Ì¦¸¨£Bruce xxxiii; IBD 1555b('a curiosity in the
history of criticism'); Ku/mmel, Introduction 260.
4 Morton, 'Authorship', esp. 231-232(cf.233). Cf. A.Q.
Morton, The Integrity of the Pauline Epistles(
5 Grant(Introduction 176 n.1) «ü¥X¡A«e®Ñ¦@1472¦r¡A¦r·J¼Æ¥Ø¬°366¡F«á®Ñ¦@824¦r¡A¦r·J¼Æ¥Ø¬°250¡C
6 Cf. J.C. Hurd, IDBS
7 Cf. Bruce xxxiv.Ãö©ó¥j®É®Ñ«H¥Nµ§¤Hªº¥\¯à¡A°ÑLongenecker, 'Form Function, and Authority' 106-109.§@ªÌ«ü¥X¡A¥Nµ§¤Hªº³d¥ô¦]¤H¦Ó²§¡A¦Ü»´ªÌ¦p¤@¦¨¤£Åܦaµ§¿ý§@ªÌªº¤fz¡A¦Ü«ªÌ¦p§â§@ªÌ¤@¨Ç·§²¤ªº«ä·Q½ü¹ø¥H¤å¦r¥R¹ê°_¨Ó¡F«Oùªº°µªk¥i¯à¦]©Ò³BªºÀô¹Ò¤Î¥i¥Îªº¤H¤â¦Ó²§¡C
8
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1©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«°¦ì©ó°¨¨ä¹yªF¥_¡B·Rµ^®ü¦è¥_¤§©«³Â®üÆW2ªºººÝ¡A¥¦±q¶}©l«K¬O°¨¨ä¹yªº¥Dn®ü´ä¡C¦¹«°¤D°¨¨ä¹y¤ý{´²±o3¡]¥L´¿¦b¨È¾ú¤s¤j¤j«Ò¾£¤U¥ô±N»â¡^¬ù©ó¥D«e315¦~©Ò«Ø¡A¨Ã¥H¨ä¦Z©«¼»Ã¹¥§{ªº¦W¦r©R¦W¡]¦o¬OµÌ¤O¤G¥@¤§¤k¨à¡B¨È¾ú¤s¤j¤j«Òªº©n©f¡^¡C{´²±o´¿±N©««°ªþªñ즳ªº¬ù¤G¤Q¤»Ó¥«Âí©Î§ø¸¨·´·À¡A¨Ã±j¹G¨ä¤¤ªº©~¥Á¾E¨ì¨ºÓ·s«°¥«©~¦í¡F¨ä¤¤ªº¤@Ó«°Âí¬O¦b©««°ªF«n¬ù¤Cù¡]¬ù¤Q¤@¤½¨½¡^ªº©«³Â¡A4³o´N¸ÑÄÀ¤F¬°¬Æ»ò§Æþªº¦a²z¤Î¾ú¥v¾Ç®a´µ¯S©Ôªi5¥i¥H¸û¼Ò½k¦a»¡©«¼»Ã¹¥§{ªº«e¦W¬O©«³Â¡C
©««°Àþ§Y¦¨¬°°¨¨ä¹yªº¥Dn«°¥«¤§¤@¡C¥D«e168¦~¡A°¨¨ä¹y¬°Ã¹°¨©Ò±Ñ¡A¦¸¦~³Q¤À¬°¥|Ó¦@©M°ê¡A³Ì«á¤S©ó¥D«e148¦~³Qù°¨§]¨Ö¡A¦¨¬°Ã¹°¨ªº¤@¬Ù¡A¨º¥|Ó¦@©M°êÅܦ¨¬Ù¤º¥|Ó¦a°Ï¡F©«¼»Ã¹¥§{¦¨¬°¦¹·s¬Ù¥÷ªºº³£¤Îù°¨¬FÅv¦b¬Ù¤ºªº¦æ¬F¤¤¼Ï¡Cù°¨¤H©Ò«Øªº¦æx¡A¤j¹D¡A§Y¦³¦Wªº¨Ì®æ¨º¦N¨È¸ô¡]°Ñ¶¾¡G¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡v 27-28¡^¡A±qªF«n¦Ü¦è¥_³e¬ï©««°¡C
¦b³Í¼»¤j«Ò³Q¨ë¨¤`«áªºÃ¹°¨¤º¾Ô´Á¶¡¡A©««°®Ä©¾©ó¦wªF¥§»P¶ø¥Lºû¦w¡A¥LÌ©ó¥D«e42¦~¾Ô³Ó¤F¦æ¨ë³Í¼»ªº¥¬¾|¯S´µ»P¦p´µ¯Q¤h¡]°Ñ¶¾¡G¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡v 28¡^¡F©««°Àò±Â¡u¦Û¥Ñ«°¡vªº¦a¦ì©MÅv§Q¡A´N¬O¥¦ªº©~¥Á¥i¥H¥Ñ¥L̦ۤvªº¡u¦a¤è©x¡v¡]²{¤¤¦P¡F®{¤Q¤C6¡B8¡^©Î¡u¥»¦a©xªø¡v¡]«ä°ª¡^6ºÞªv¥LÌ¡C¦Ò¥j¾Ç®aµo²{¡A¦b©««°¦è±¤H¤fªºÃ¹°¨«ýªù7¤W¡A»Ê¨è¤F¤»Ó³o¨Ç¦a¤è©xªº¦W¦r¡A¦¹»Ê¨èÄÝ¥D«e30¦~¦Ü¥D«á143¦~¤§¶¡¡CÁÙ¦³¨ä¥L´X¥÷¦b©««°µo²{ªº»Ê¨è¤å¦r¡A¥ç´£¨ì¦a¤è©x¡C³o¨Çµo²{ÃÒ¹ê¤F¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¹ï·í®É©««°ªº¦æ¬F²Õ´ªº´yø¡C
¥Ñ©ó©««°¦û¤F®ü
1 ¥»¸`¥Dn¨ú§÷¦ÛJ.
Finegan, IDB IV 629; E.A. Judge, IBD 1556-1557; Bruce xx-xxii;
Marshall 2-3.
2 Thermaic Gulf, ¤µºÙ¼»Ã¹¥§{®üÆW(the Gulf of Salonika/Salonica). Salonika/Salonica¬O©«¼»Ã¹¥§{(Thessalonica)ªº²{¦W¡C
3 Cassander.
4 Therma/Therme¡A¤j©è¦]ªþªñ¦³·Å¬u¡A¬G¦W¡C
5 Strabo(c.63B.C.-A.D. 24).
6 ì¤å¬°politarchas,
accusative plural of politarches.
7 The
úS¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§{ªº±Ð·|
±q©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®Ñ¥i¨£¡A«Où¤Î¨ä¦P¤u¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó¨ì©««°¶ÇºÖµ¡]¤@5¡A¤G1¡^¬Oºò±µú¦¥L̦bµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡u³Q®`¨ü°d¡v¤§«á¡]¤G2¡C¡^¡F©«¤H¦]«H¥D¦Ó¾D¨ü¹G¢¡]¤@6¡A¤G14¡^¡A¨º¨Ç«Å±Ð¤h·íµM¥ç¤£¯àƧK¡]¤G2b¡A¤T4¡^¡C¤T¤HÂ÷¶}©««°«á¡A«K¤U¨ì¶®¨å¡]¤T1¡^¡FÁöµM«Où´¿¦h¦¸¹Á¸Õªð¦^©««°±´±æ±Ð·|¡A¦ýÁ`¬O¤£¯à¦¨¥\¡]¤G17-18¡^¡A¥L¥u¦n®t´£¼¯¤Ó´À¥L«e¥h¡]¤T2¡^¡A¦p¤µ¤S¦A¥H®Ñ«H¥N´À¥L¿Ë¨³X°Ý¡C³oÓ¤jºõ¸ò¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¡]¤Q¤»11¦Ü¤Q¤K5¡^¸û¸Ô²Óªº³ø¾É¤jÅé¤W«D±`§k¦X¡A¦]¦¹¡AÁöµM¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç©M©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®Ñªº¼g§@¤é´Á¬Û¹j¤@¬q»áªøªº®É¶¡¡A§Ṳ́´¥iÂǨϮ{¦æ¶Ç©Ò´£¨Ñªº¾ú¥v¬[ºc¨Ó¬Ý©««eªº¸ê®Æ¡A±q¦Ó¹ï«áªÌÀò±o§ó²M´·ªº¤F¸Ñ¡C1
«ö¨Ï®{¦æ¶Çªº°O¸ü¡A«Où¦b¥L©Ò¿×ªº²Ä¤G¦¸«Å±Ð®Èµ{¤¤º¦¸±q¤p¨È¦è¨È¡u¶V¬w¡v¹L¨ì°¨¨ä¹y¡C²Ä¤@¯¸¬OµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡A«Où©M¥Lªº¦P¤u¦b¨ºùثإߤF±Ð·|¡]¤Q¤»12-40¡F¸Ô°Ñ¶¾¡G¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡v30-33¡^¡AµM«á¸g¹L·t¦mªi¨½¤Î¨Èªiù¥§¨È¡A¨Ó¨ì©«¼»Ã¹¥§{¡]¤Q¤C1¡F¸ô¥[§âªø¹F¤@¦Êù¡e¬ù
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«Où¦b§Èù¨Èªº·|°ó¤¤¶ÇºÖµ¡A¤ÞP¤£¤Ö¤H«H¥D¡A¥]¬A¡]¦p¦b©««°¤@¼Ë¡^¤@¨Ç¡u°ª¶Qªº§Æþ°ü¤k¡v¡]¤Q¤C12¡A·sĶ¡^¡F¦ý©««°ªºµS¤Ó¤H¹ï«OùÁæ¦Ó¤£±Ëªº°l¨ì§Èù¨È¨Ó¡Aº´°ÊÂZ¶Ãú󲳡C«Où§â¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó¯d¦b§Èù¨È¡A¦Û¤v¤U¨ì¶®¨å¡Aµ¥Ô¥L̾¨§Ö»°¨ì¨ºùظò¥L·|¦X¡]¤Q¤C14-16¡^¡C±q©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®Ñ¤T³¹¤@¦Ü¤G¸`¥i¨£¡A«Où¦b¶®¨å®É¡A¼x±o¦è©Ô¦P·N¡A§â´£¼¯¤Ó¥´µo¦^©««°¥h±´±æ·í¦aªº±Ð·|¡]¸Ô°Ñ¤T1¹ï¡u¿W¦Û¡v¤@µüªºµùÄÀ¡^¡A³oªí¥Ü¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó½T¦³¿í·Ó«Oùªº§h©J¤U¨ì¶®¨å©M¥L·|¦X¡C¨ä«á¡u«OùÂ÷¤F¶®¨å¡A¨Ó¨ìôªL¦h¡v¡A¦b¨ºùØ¡u¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó±q°¨¨ä¹y¨Ó¡v¡A¦A¦¸»P«Où·|¦X¡]®{¤Q¤K1¡B5¡F°ÑªL«á¤@19¡^¡F³oªí¥Ü¥L̤T¤H¦b¶®¨å·|¦X®É¡A«Où¤£¦ý®t¤F´£¼¯¤Ó¦^©««°¡A¤]®t¤F¦è©Ô¦^°¨¨ä¹y¥t¤@Ó¦a¤è¢w¢w³Ì¦X²zªº±À´ú´N¬OµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡C18
©««°±Ð·|¤é«á¸ò«OùªºÃö«Y¡A³¡¥÷±q©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e«á®Ñ¡BµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡]¥|15-16¡^¡BôªL¦h«á®Ñ¡]¤K1-5¡A¤Q¤@9¡^¤Îù°¨®Ñ¡]¤Q¤26¡^¤Ï¬M¥X¨Ó¡G±Ð·|»P¨Ï®{¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¤Q¤À¨}¦n¡A«Où¯S§OºÙÆg¥L̦b¤j¹G¢¤¤¤´µM«ù¦u°í©w¤£²¾ªº«H¤ß©M¨£ÃÒ¡A¨Ã¥B¦b·¥³h§xªº¹Òªp¤¤¤´µMºB´n¸ÑÅn¡A®½§U¥LÓ¤H¤ÎC¸ô¼»§N±Ð·|ªº»Ýn¡C¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç§i¶D§ÚÌ¡A«Où©óôªL¦h¤Î¥H¥±©Òªº¶Ç¹D¤u§@§i¤@¬q¸¨«á¡]¶ZÂ÷¥L³Q¹GÂ÷¶}©««°®É¤w¬ù¦³¤¦~¡G°Ñ¤Q¤C11¡A¤G¤Q31¡^¡A«K©¹°¨¨ä¹y¥h¡]¤Q¤E
1 Cf. Bruce xxi.
2 ²Ä¤G¸`ªº¡uÅG½×¡vì¤å¬°dialegomai¡A¦b·s¬ù¦@¥Î¤F¤Q¤T¦¸¡C¦¹¦rªº¤@Ó·N«ä¬O¡uª§½×¡v¡]¥i¤E34¡^©Î¡uª§ÅG¡v¡]µS9¡F·sĶ¡uª§½×¡v¡^¡A¥t¤@Ó·N«ä¬O¡uÁ¿½×¡B«ÅÁ¿¡v¡]¦p¦b¨Ó¤Q¤G5¡A¤¤Ä¶¡uÄU¡]«j¡^¡v¡^¡C¦¹¦r¦b¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¥X²{ªº¤Q¦¸¡A¥i¯à³£¬O¡uÁ¿½×¡v¡]¤Q¤E8¡e«ä°ª¡f¡A¤Ü¥|25¡e«ä°ª¦P¡f¡^©Î¡uÁ¿¹D¡v¡]¤G¤Q7¡e·sĶ¡B²{¤¤¡B«ä°ª¡f¡A9¡e«ä°ª¡f¡^¤§·N¡]¥t¨£¤Q¤C2¡B17¡A¤Q¤K4¡B19¡A¤Q¤E9¡A¤Ü¥|12¡^¡CCf. G. Schrenk, TDNT II 94-95, TDNTA 155; Harrison,
Acts 261.
3 Neil xi.
4 E.g.
5 ¦³¥j¨÷©ósebomeno{n¤ÎHelle{no{n¤§¶¡¦³kai¦r¡A¡u°@·qªº§Æ§Q¥§¤H¡vÅܦ¨¡u°@·qªº¤H¤Î§Æ§Q¥§¤H¡v¡A¦ý¦¹¡u¤Î¡v¦r¥i¯à¬O«á¨Óªº§ÛªÌ¬°n´î¤Ö¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç»P©««e¤§¶¡ªº®t§O¦Ó¥[¤Wªº(cf. Best 5).
6 ¸ò³o°ÝÃD¦³Ãö¡B¦ý¤£¯à¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ù¦¹»¡ªº¨âÂI¬O¡G¡]¤@¡^«Où¦b©««°ªº®ÉÔ´¿¿Ë¤â§@¤u¡]©««e¤G9¡F©««á¤T8¡^¡A¦n¹³¥L´¿¦b¨ºùؤ@¬q»áªøªº®É¶¡¡C¦ý§Y¨Ï¥L¦b¨ºùØ¥u¬O¤@Ӥ몺®É¶¡¡A¥LYn¦Û¹¨ä¤Oªº¸Ü¡A«KÁÙ±o¿Ë¤â§@¤u¡C¡]¤G¡^µÌ¥|16»¡«Où¦b©««°ªº®ÉÔ¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤H´¿¡u¤@¦¸¨â¦¸ªº¡v¥´µo¤H¨Ñµ¹¥Lªº»Ýn¡F¥Ñ©óµÌ¥ß¤ñ»P©«¼»Ã¹¥§{¬Û¹j¤@¦Êù¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤H¤£¤î¤@¦¸ªº¨ÑÀ³ªí¥Ü«Où¦b©««°ªº®É¶¡¤£¤î¤T¡B¥|Ó¬P´Á¡C¥i¬OµÌ¥|16ì¤å¨º¥y¸Üªº·N«ä¡A·¥¥i¯à¤£¬O¡u¤@¦¸¨â¦¸¡v¡A¦Ó¬O¡u¤£¶È¡]·í§ä¦b©«¼»Ã¹¥§{ªº®ÉÔ¡^¡A¦Ó¥B¤£¤î¤@¦¸¡]·í§Ú¦b§Oªº¦a¤è¡^¡v¡]¸Ô°Ñ¶¾¡G¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡v 480-482¡^¡F³o¼Ë¡A«Où¦b©««°ªº®ÉÔ¡A¥u¦¬¨ìµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤Hªº¸ê§U¤@¦¸¡CCf. Morris II 17-18, over against Marxsen, Intorduction
33.
7 Cf. Neil xii;
8 As in Beare, ibid.
9 Cf. Bruce II 1154; Marshall, Acts 278; esp.
Malherbe, Paul 13-14.
10 Malherbe, Paul 12-18(esp. 17-18), cf. 33. ¦¹»¡ªº¤@Ó±À½×¡A´N¬OC®]¤]¬O¥H»s³y±b¹õ¬°·~ªº(cf. Hock, Social Context 33, 67).
11 ¡uÂô¶i¡v©Î¡u½Ä¶i¡v¡]·sĶ¡^¥u¬O¤@ºØ·NĶ¡Fì¤åephiste{mi¦b¦¹ªº·N«ä¬O¡u§ðÀ»¡v('attack': BAGD 330 s.v.).¡u¦Ê©m¡v©Î¡u¥Á²³¡v¡]«ä°ª¡B·sĶ¡^ì¤å¬° de{mos.©««°¬OӦۥѫ°¡A¦³¥¦¦Û¤vªº¬F©²¡A¦]¦¹³o¦r¥i¯à«ü¨É¦³¥ßªk¤Îµô§PÅvªº¥Á²³¶°·|(so, e.g., Bruce, Acts 326, Book of Acts 344;
Marshall, Acts 278;
®{¤Q¤C1¡B4¡B5¡B10³£¨S¦³´£¨ì´£¼¯¤Ó¡A¦ý§Ṳ́£¯à¦]¦¹»{¬°(cf. Schmithals, Paul 181)´£¼¯¤Ó¨S¦³¸ò«Où¤@¦P¨Ó¨ì©««°¡A¦]¬°:¡]¤@¡^®{¤Q¤C14·t¥Ü´£¼¯¤Ó»P¦è©Ô¡B«Où¤@¦P±q©««°¤U¨ì§Èù¨È; ¡]¤G¡^¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤]¨S¦³©ú»¡´£¼¯¤Ó¸ò«Où¡B¦è©Ô¦P¨ìµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡]°Ñ¤Q¤»19¡B25¡B29¡^¡A¦ý´£¼¯¤ÓÅãµM¬O¸ò«Où¤@°_¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñªº¡]°ÑµÌ¤G22¡^¡C¥ç°Ñ¤@
12 anastatoo{ : cf. Bruce, 'Thessalonian Correspondence'345. §@ªÌ(346; Bruce xxiii, Men an Movements 72-73)«ü¥X¡A¦b²¦Ñ¥á¥ôù°¨¬Ó«Ò´Á¶¡¡]41-54¦~¡^¡A¤£¦ý¦bµS¤Ó¡A¦Ó¥B¦b¾ãÓù°¨«Ò°ê³\¦h«°¥«ªºµS¤Ó¤HªÀ¸s¤¤¡A³£½¯©µú¦¤@ºØ¦n¾ÔªºÀ±ÁɨȥD¸q('militant messianism')¡A¦]¦¹Ãø©Ç«Où¦b©««°¥ç³Q±±¬°¤@¦Wº´°Ê«q¶ÃªÌ¡C±q®{¤Q¤C6-7¬Ý¨Ó¡A©««°³o¨ÇµS¤Ó¤H¦ÛµM¤£¦b¨º¨Ç¦n¾ÔªºÀ±ÁɨȥD¸qªÌ¤§¦C : ¥L̹³¨º¨Ç¦b©¼©Ô¦h±«e±±§iC¿qªºµS¤Ó¤H¤@¼Ë¡A©Ó»{¡u°£¤F¸Ó¼»¡A§Ų́S¦³¤ý¡v¡]¬ù¤Q¤E15¡^¡C
13 Sherwin-White, Roman Society 96(cf. 103).
14 E.A. Judge, 'The Decrees of Caesar at Thessalonica',
RTR 30(1970) 1-7, ascited in Bruce xxiii-xxiv and in Marshall, Acts 279.
15 Cf. Sherwin-White, Roman Society 96.
16 As in Bruce xxv; Marshall, Acts 280.
17 Cf. Sherwin-White, Roman Society 95-96.
18 Cf. Marshall 6, Acts 281.
19 Cf. Bruce xxvii; Romans 247.
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1 For the Gallio inscription at
2 Cf.; e.g.
3 Bruce xxxv; cf. B. Schwank, as reported in NTA¡±16(1971-72)-642.
4 Cf. Fung, Galatians 9-28; ¶¾¡G¡u¯u²z¡v 125-150¡C
5 Schmithals, Paul 183-186, With reference to
W. Michaelis.
6 Schmithals, Paul 186-189. Ãö©ó¤U±²Ä¡]¤C¡^ÂI¹ï¤T3-4¡u±wÃø¡v¤@µüªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A¸Ô¨£¦P®Ñ177-179¡C
7 ¦P¤W¡A190-191¡CJ.C. Hurd(IDBS 900b)¤]¬O»{¬°©««eªº¤ºÃÒªí¥Ü¡A«Où¼g«H®É»P«Ø¥ß±Ð·|®É¬Û¹j¤w¦³¼Æ¦~¡C
8 Cf. Marshall 21-22; Best 10-11; Ku/mmel, Introduction 257-260.
9 ¥t¤@»¡¿×©««e¼g©ó¥D«e46¦~¡A¦ý¦¹»¡¤]¬O¤£¯à¦¨¥ß¡F¸Ô°ÑBest 11-13.
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1 Cf. Marshall 12-13, in Criticism of G. Friedrich(on
whose theory, in greater detail, see also Collins 110-113); cf. esp. Plevnik,
'1 Thessa 5, 1-11'72-74; also Collins, 'Tradition'342; Kreitzer, Jesus and
God 182-183.
2 À³¸Ó¥Îeno{pion¡A¦Ó«D¸g¤å©Ò¥Îªºemprosthen.
3 Cf. Marshall 13-14, in criticism of C. Demke(for
whose theory, in greater detail, see also Collins 106-109).
4 Cf. K.-G. Eckart, as reported in NTA ¡±6(1961-62)-230 and cited(in greater detaiI)in Collins
101-102, 114-116.
5 ¥»¬q¸ê®Æ¥Dn¨ú¦ÛBest 29-30; Schmithals, Paul 127-129; Marshall 14-15; Ku/mmel, Introduction
260(cf. Collins 116-117). ¥ç°Ñ¥|9-12µùÄÀ¥½¬q ¡C
6 Schmithals, Paul 123-218, esp. 212-214(cf.
Collins 118-124).
7 Schmithals, Paul 129-135(cf. Best 31-32).
8 Schmithals, Paul 133-134.
9 ¥»¬q¸ê®Æ¥Dn¨ú¦ÛMarshall 16-17; Ku/mmel¡AIntroduction
261-262. Cf. Best 32-35(in
greater detail).
10 Cf. Collins 124-135(esp. 124-125¡A135); Marshall 16; Best 35.
11 ¹ï©ó©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®Ñ©ó1956-1983¦~¶¡¦b¾ÇªÌ¤¤©Ò¤Þ°_ªººØºØ°ÝÃD©M°Q½×¡ACollins 3-75´£¨Ñ¤F¤@¥þ±©Êªººî¦X³ø¾É¡C
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