ªð¦^­º­¶ | ªð¦^¥»®Ñ¥Ø¿ý |

 

©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¾É½×

 

§Ç

²Ä¤@¦¸¸û»{¯uªº¬ãŪ©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¡A¬O¦b¤@¤E¤»¤»¦~¡F·í®Éµ§ªÌ±q­^°ê­Û´°¸t¸g¾Ç°|²¦·~«á­è¦n¤@¦~¡AÀ³Áܦb­»´ä°ò·þ®{¾Ç¥ÍºÖ­µ¹Î«´ÄݤUªº¤¤¾Ç¥Í°ò·þ®{¹Î«´©ÒÁ|¿ìªº»â³S°V½mÀç¡]¤C¤ë¤Ü¤»¦Ü¤T¤Q¤é©ó«n¤X®qÁ|¦æ¡^­t³d¬ã¸gÁ¿¹D¡A©ÒÁ¿ªº´N¬O©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¡C¥|¦~«á¡A¦b¬ü°êºÖ¼Ö¯«¾Ç°|¶i­×´Á¶¡¡A¿ïŪ¤F¥Ñ·s¬ù±Ð±Â®L²z»¹³Õ¤h1Á¿±Âªº¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e«á®Ñ¡v¤@¬ì¡C¦b¡u¤¤¯«¡v±M¾¥ô±Ð´Á¶¡¡A´¿©ó¤C¤E¦~¥V©u¾Ç´Á¡]¤@¦Ü¤T¤ë¡^±Ð±Â¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e«á®Ñ­ì¤åÄÀ¸g¡v¤@¬ì¡A¦P®É¦b©µ¦ù½Òµ{Á¿¸Ñ³o¨â¨÷®Ñ¡C¹L¥h¨â¦~¡A¦b¼¶¼g¦¹µùÄÀªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¹ï©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ§@¤F¤ñ¥H«e¥ô¦ó®É´Á³£¸û¸Ô²Óªº¬ã¨s¡A¥ç¹ï³o¨÷®Ñ¦³¤F¶i¤@¨Bªº»{ÃÑ¡C

©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«á®Ñ¸ò«e®ÑªºÃö«Y«D±`±K¤Á¡A³o¨â¨÷®ÑªºµùÄÀ³q±`³£¥H¤@¥»¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e«á®ÑµùÄÀ¡vªº§Î¦¡­±¥@¡C2µ§ªÌ­ì¨Óªº­p¹º¤]¬O³o¼Ë¡A¤£¹L³æ¬O«e®ÑµùÄÀªº¸ê®Æ¨Ï¤w¨¬°÷¦¨®Ñ¡A­Y¥[¤W«á®ÑªºµùÄÀ·|¨Ï¾ã¥»®ÑÅܱo¤Óªø¡A¨Ã¥B­n¦hµ¥¦Ü¤Ö¤@¦~¤~¥i¥H¥I±ê¡A¦]¦¹¤Ñ¹D®Ñ¼ÓªYµM¦P·N¥ý¥Xª©¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡A¤é«á¦A¥Xª©«á®ÑªºµùÄÀ¡C³o¸û¤£´M±`ªº¦w±Æ¹ïµ§ªÌ¬O«Ü¤jªº¹ªÀy¡A¬°¦¹­n¯S§O¦V¤Ñ¹D®Ñ¼Ó¥Xª©³¡¸g²z°ª©úµo¥ý¥Í­PÁ¡A¤]¶¶«KÁÂÁ°ª¥ý¥Í¥H½sªÌ¨­¥÷¦b¤å¦r¼í¦â¤W©Òµ¹¤©µ§ªÌªºÀ°§U¡C

µ§ªÌ¦b¡u¤¤¯«¡v®Õ¥»³¡±Ð±Â¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e«á®Ñ­ì¤åÄÀ¸g¡v¤@¬ì®É¡A­×Ūªº¦P¾Ç¥u¦³¤T¦W¡I³o¤T¦ì®Õ¤Í¤w¤À§O¦¨¬°¥»°|©µ¦ù³¡ªºÁ¿®v¡B±Ð·|ªª®v©M¤j¾ÇÁ¿®v¡A3µM¦Óµ§ªÌ¥¼¯à¥H¡u­«½è¤£­«¶q¡v¤@»y¦Û¼¢¡A°£«Dµ§ªÌ¦³²z¥Ñ¬Û«H¡A¥L­Ì¤µ¤Ñªº¦¨´N¸ò¥L­Ì´¿­×Ū¸Ó¬ìªº¨Æ¹ê¢w¢w¬¡²{©ó©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e«á®Ñªº«Où¡A½T¬O¤@¦ì·¥Àu¨qªºªªªÌ©M±Ð®v¢w¢w¦h¤Ö¦³ÂIÃö«Y¡C³o¥i¥H³¡¥÷¸ÑÄÀ¡A¬°¬Æ»òµ§ªÌ³Ìªñ±µ¨ü¤Ñ¹D®Ñ¼Ó¤@¦ì½s¿è¦P¤uªº³X°Ý®É¡A´¿´N¦Û¤vªñ¦~¶¡¼¶¼gµùÄÀ®Ñªº¤u§@ªí¹F¥H¤Uªº¤ßÄ@¡G¡u§Æ±æ³z¹L¤å¦r¦b¬Yµ{«×¤WÄ~Äò¡£§Ú¡¤ªº¡y±Ð¾Ç¡z¡A¨Ã¥B§â¹ï¶H±q¤@©Ò¯«¾Ç°|ªº¾Ç¥ÍÂXÁï¦Ü¸û¤jªº½d³ò¡C¡v»P¦¹¦P®É¡Aµ§ªÌ¤]¡u§Æ±æ³z¹L¤å¦r¨Ï¨º¨ÇÁc¦£ªº±Ðªª¦P¤u¡B¯«¾Ç¥Í©Î¦³¤ß°l¨D¯u²zªº«H®{¯à±oú¦À°§U¡C¡v4

¬è¬ß¦¹®Ñ»X¯«®¦«Ý¡A¥H­P¯à¹F¨ì¤W­zªºÂù­«¥Øªº¡C

¶¾½®©[ÂÔ»x

¤@¤E¤K¤K¦~¤Q¤G¤ë¤Q¤G¤é

­»´ä¡@¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|

 

1 Dr. E.F. Harrison

2 ¦b¼w¤åªºµùÄÀ®Ñ¤¤¡A¥u¬OÄÄÄÀ«e®Ñ©Î«á®Ñªº¬°¼Æ»á¤£¤Ö¡]°ÑBruce xxix©Ò¦C®Ñ¥Ø¡^¡A³o¸ò¤@¨Ç¾ÇªÌ»{¬°«á®Ñ¨Ã«D¥X¦Û«Où¤âµ§¦¹¬Ýªk¦³Ãö¡C

3 µ§ªÌ©ó¤C¤»¦~¥V©u¤Î¬K©u¡]¤@¦Ü¤»¤ë¡^©Ò±Ðªº¡u¤¤¯Å§Æþ¤å¡v¤@¬ì¡A¤]¬O¥u¦³¤T¦ì¦P¾Ç­×Ū¡]¨ä¤¤¨â¦ì¤w«ö¥ß¬°ªª®v¡A²{¤µ¤À§O±q¨Æªª·|¤Î¯«¾Ç°|Á¿®v¤§¤u§@¡A¥t¤@¦ì¤w©ó¦~«e®§¤F¦a¤Wªº³Ò­W¡^¡C¡u­ì¤åÄÀ¸g¡v¤@¬ì¤H¼Æ³Ì¦hªº¤@¦¸¡A­nºâ¤K¥|¦~¬î©u¶}³]ªº¡u¥[©Ô¤Ó®Ñ¡v¡A¦³¤G¤Q¤G¤H­×Ū¡C

4 ¤Ñ¹D®Ñ¼Ó¡u®Ñ°T¡v²Ä¤G¤Q¥|´Á¡]¤@¤E¤K¤K¦~¤E¦Ü¤Q¤ë¡^¡C

 

²¼gªí

¦êÄÀ              ¡u¸t¸g¢w¢w¦ê¯]¡DµùÄÀ¥»¡v¡]­»´ä¡A¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|½s¼¶¡AÃÒ¹D¥Xª©ªÀ¥Xª©¡F·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ1984¡A¬ù¥þ®Ñ1986¡A·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ1987¡^

©M¦X              ¡u·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ¡v¡]­»´ä¸t¸g¤½·|¡F²{¥N¼ÐÂI²Å¸¹·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ1978¡^

«ä°ª              ¡u¸t¸g¡v¡]­»´ä«ä°ª¸t¸g¾Ç·|1968¡^

²{¤¤              ¡u¸t¸g¢w¢w²{¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»¡v¡]­»´ä¸t¸g¤½·|1980¡^

·í¸t              ¡u·í¥N¸t¸g¡v¡]­»´ä¤Ñ¹D1979¡^

·sĶ              ¡u·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ·sĶ¥»¡v¡]­»´ä¤¤¤å¸t¸g·sĶ©e­û·|1976¡^

©P                ©P§Ó¬êµÛ¡G¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e«á®ÑÁ¿¸q¡v¡]­»´ä«Å¹D1967¡^

AB                               Anchor Bible

AGJU                          Arbeiten zur Geschichte des Antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums

art. cit.                        article cited

AV                               Authorized (King James) Version

BAGD                         W. Bauer - W.F. Arndt - F.W. Gingrich - F.W. Danker, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago 1979)

Barclay                         William Barclay, The Letters to the Philippians, Colossians, and Thessalonians (rev. ed.; Philadelphia 1975)

BDF                             F. Blass - A. Debrunner - R.W. Funk, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago 1961/1967)

Best                             Ernest Best, The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians (BNTC; London 1972/1977)

BETL                           Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium

BFBS                           'HKAINH DIAQKH, ed. G.D. Kilpatrick (2nd ed.; London: British & Foreign Bible Society 1958)

BibToday                     The Bible Today

BibTrans                      The Bible Translator

BJRL                            Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester

BNTC                          Black's New Testament Commentaries

BTB                             Biblical Theology Bulletin

Bruce                           F.F, Bruce, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, (WBC 45; Waco1982)

Bruce I                         F.F. Bruce, Paul and His Converts (London/New York 1962)

Brace II                        F.F. Bruce, '1 and 2 Thessalonians', in NBCR 1154-1165

c.                                 circa, about

Calvin                           John Calvin, The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the Romans and to the Thessalonians (E.T,; Edinburgh/London 1961)

CBC                            Cambridge Bible Commentary

CBQ                            Catholic Biblical Quarterly

cf.                                confer, compare

CGSTJ                        CGST Journal (Journal of China Graduate School of Theology)

Collins                          R.F. Collins, Studies on the First Letter to the Thessalonians (BETL 66; Leuven 1984)

Concordance               Concordance to the Novum Testamentum Graece (3rd ed.; Berlin and New York 1987)

Dana-Mantey               H.E. Dana and J.R. Mantey, A Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament (New York 1957)

Denney                         James Denney, The Epistles to the Thessalonians, in The Expositor's Bible, ed. W.R. Nicoll (6 vols; New York n.d.), VI 311-383

ed.                               edition/editor(s)

e.g.                               exempli gratia, for example

EGT                            The Expositor's Greek Testament, ed. W.R. Nicoll (5 vols; Grand Rapids, 1961 reprint)

Ellicott                          C. J. Ellicott, St Paul's Epistles to the Thessalonians (London 1880)

Ellingworth-Nida          Paul Ellingworth and E.A. Nida, A Translator's Handbook on Paul's Letters to the Thessalonians (HFT; Stuttgart 1976)

EQ                               Evangelical Quarterly

Erdman                        C. R. Erdman, The Epistles of Paul to the Thessalonians (Philadelphia 1965)

ERT                             Evangelical Review of Theology

esp.                              especially

E.T.                              English translation

et al.                             and others

Findlay                         G.G. Findlay, The Epistles of Paul the Apostle, to the Thessalonians (Grand Rapids, 1982 reprint)

Frame                          J.E. Frame, The Epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians (ICC; Edinburgh 1912/1966)

FS                                Festschrift

GNB                            Good News Bible (¡×Today's English Version)

GNC                            Good News Commentary

Grayston                      Kenneth Grayston, The Letters of Paul to the Philippians and to the Thessalonians (CBC; Cambridge 1967)

Hendriksen                   Wiiiiam Hendriksen, I & II Thessalonians (London, 1972 repr.)

Henneken                     Bartholoma/us Henneken, Verku/ndigung und Prophetie im 1. Thessalonicherbrief (Stuttgarter Bibelstudien 29; Stuttgart 1969)

HFT                             Helps for Translator

HNTC                         Harper's New Testament Commentaries

IBD                              Illustrated Bible Dictionary rev. ed. Norman Hillyer (3 parts; Leicester 1980)

IBS                               lrish Biblical Studies,

ICC                             International Critical Commentary

IDB/IDBS                     The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, ed. G.A. Buttrick et al. (4 vols; New York 1962; supplementary volume 1976)

idem                             the same

Idiom                           C.F.D. Moule, An Idiom Book of New Testament Greek (2nd ed.; Cambridge 1959/1968)

i.e.                                id est, that is

ISBER                          The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, ed. G.W. Bromiley et aL (fully revised, 4 vols; Grand Rapids 1979-1988)

JAAR                           Journal of the American Academy of Religion

JBL                              Journal of Biblical Literature

JETS                            Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society

Lightfoot                       J.B. Lightfoot, 'First Epistle to the Thessalonians' and 'Second Epistle to the Thessalonians', Notes on Epistles of St Paul from Unpublished Commentaries (London 1895), 1-92 and 93-126, respectively

Marshall                       I.H. Marshall, 1 and 2 Thessalonians (NCBC; (Grand Rapids/London 1983)

Metzger                        B.M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (London and New York 1971)

MHT                            J.H. Moulton - W.F. Howard - N. Turner, A Grammar of New Testament Greek (4 vols; Edinburgh 1906-1976)

Milligan                        George Milligan, St Paul's Epistles to the Thessalonians (Minneapolis 1980 reprint)

MM                             J.H. Moulton - G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (London 1930/1972)

MNTC                         Moffatt New Testament Commentary

Moffatt                         James Moffatt, 'The First and Second Epistles to the 'Thessalonians', in EGT IV 1-54

Moods and Tenses       E.D. Burton, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek (1900: Grand Rapids 1976)

Moore                          A.L. Moore, 1 and 2 Thessalonians (NCB; London 1969)

Morris I                        Leon Morris, The Epistles of Paul to the Thessalonians (TNTC; London 1956/1963)

Morris II                      Leon Morris, The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians (NICNT; Grand Rapids 1959/1964)

Morris III                     Leon Morris, '1 Thessalonians' and '2 Thessalonians', in The NIV Study Bible, ed. Kenneth Barker et al. Grand Rapids 1985), 1819-1826 and 1827-1831, respectively

NASB                          New American Standard Bible

NBCR                          The New Bible Commentary Revised, ed. Donald Guthrie et al. (London 1970)

NCB/NCBC                New Century Bible/New Century Bible Commentary

n.d.                              no date

NEB                            New English Bible

Neil                              William Neil, The Epistle(s) of Paul to the Thessalonians (MNTC; London 1950)

Nestle-Aland                Nestle-Aland, Greek-English New Testament (26th rev. ed.; Stuttgart n.d.)

NICNT                        New International Commentary on the New Testament

NIDCC                        New International Dictionary of the Christian Church, ed. J.D. Douglas (Exeter 1974)

NIDNTT                      New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, ed. Colin Brown (E.T., 3 vols; Grand Rapids 1975-78)

NIGTC                        New International Greek Testament Commentary

NIV                             New International Version

NLCNT                       The New London Commentary on the New Testament (= British edition of NICNT)

NovT                           Novum Testamentum

NovTSupp                   Supplements to Novum Testamentum

n.s.                               new series

NTA                             New Testament Abstracts

NTS                             New Testament Studies

pace                             with or by the leave (¡×permisson) of

Palmer                          E. F. Palmer, 1 and 2 Thessalonians, (GNC; San Francisco 1983)

PC                               Proclamation Commentaries

repr.                             reprint/reprinted

rev.                              revised/revision

RSV                             Revised Standard Version

RTR                             Reformed Theological Review

RV                               Revised Version

SBT                             Studies in Biblical Theology

SNTSMS                     Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series

StudEv                        Studia Evangelica

s.v.                               sub voce, under the heading; sub verba, under the word

TDNT                          Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. G.W. Bromiley (E.T., 9 vols; Grand Rapid, 1964-74), with index (10th) volume by R.E. Pitkin (1976)

TDNTA                        Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, abridged in one volume by G.W. Bromiley (Grand Rapids, 1985)

TEV                             Today's English Version (¡×Good News Bible)

Thayer                          J.H. Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, translated, revised and enlarged from Grimm's Wilke's Clavis Novi Testamenti (New York n.d.)

TNTC                          Tyndale New Testament Commentary

TOTC                          Tyndale Old Testament Commentary

Trench                          R.C. Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament (9th ed., 1880; Grand Rapids 1966 repr.)

UBS                             The Greek New Testament, ed. K. Aland et al. (United Bible Societies 1966)

Veldkamp                    Herman Veldkamp, Waiting for Christ's Return (E.T.; St. Catharines, Ont. 1978)

VE                               Vox Evangelica

WBC                           Word Biblical Commentary

Whiteley                       D.E.H. Whiteley, Thessalonians (New Clarendon Bible; London 1969)

Wolff                            Richard Wolff, The First and Second Epistles of Paul to the Thessalonians (Wheaton 1970)

Zerwick                        Maximilian Zerwick, Biblical Greek (E.T.; Rome 1963)

µù¡G

(1)¦b¤Þ­z¤Wªí¤§BDF, Dana-Mantey, Moods and Tenses, Zerwick¦U®Ñ®É¡A²¼g«áªº¼Æ¦r¬O¸Ó®Ñªº¬q¼Æ¦Ó«D­¶¼Æ¡C

(2)°£«D¥t¥~µù©ú¡A¥»®Ñ©Ò¤Þ¥Îªº·s¬ù¸g¤å¬Ò¥X¦Û©M¦X¥»¡C

(3)§Æþ¦rµü¦b«Où®Ñ«H¤Î/©Î·s¬ù¥X²{ªº¦¸¼Æ¡A«Y®Ú¾ÚConcordanceªº¸ê®Æ­pºâ¡A¦³*²Å¸¹ªÌ¡]ªí¥Ü²§¤å¡^¤£ºâ¦b¤º¡C

 

¾É½×

    ³ü¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñªº§@ªÌ{\LinkToBook:TopicID=103,Name=³ü¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñªº§@ªÌ}

    ¶L¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«°{\LinkToBook:TopicID=104,Name=¶L¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«°}

    úS¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{ªº±Ð·|{\LinkToBook:TopicID=105,Name=úS¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{ªº±Ð·|}

    ¸v¡@¼g§@ªº­ì¦]©M¥Øªº{\LinkToBook:TopicID=106,Name=¸v¡@¼g§@ªº­ì¦]©M¥Øªº}

    ¥î¡@¼g§@ªº¦aÂI©M®É¶¡{\LinkToBook:TopicID=107,Name=¥î¡@¼g§@ªº¦aÂI©M®É¶¡}

    ³°¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñªº§¹¾ã©Ê{\LinkToBook:TopicID=108,Name=³°¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñªº§¹¾ã©Ê}

³ü¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñªº§@ªÌ

§@ªÌ¦b«H¤W¨â¦¸¦ÛºÙ¬°«Où¡]¤@1¡A¤G18¡^¡C¥u¦³¤Ö¼Æªº¾ÇªÌ´¿¹ï©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¬O¥X¦Û«Où¤âµ§¦¹µ²½×´£¥X½èºÃ¡F³ÌÅãµÛ¡]¦ý¤£¬O³Ì¦­¡^ªº¨Ò¤l­nºâ¤Q¤E¥@¬öªº¥]Ò­©M¥Lªº§ù¥­®Ú¾Ç¬£¡C1¥L­Ì´£¥Xªº¤Ï¹ï²z¥Ñ¥D­n¦³¤TÂI¡G©««e¦bµüĦ©MÅéµô¤W¦³§O©ó¥|«Ê¥D­nªº«Où®Ñ«H¡]ù°¨®Ñ¡B­ôªL¦h«e«á®Ñ¡B¥[©Ô¤Ó®Ñ¡^¡F©««e¨S¦³Â¬ùªº¤Þ¥y¡F«Où³ÌÅãµÛªº«ä·Q¨S¦³¦b«H¤W¥X²{¡C2¥]Ò­»{¬°©««e¬O®Ú¾Ú¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¡]¥]Ò­µø¤§¬°¤G¥@¬öªº§@«~¡^ªº°O±Ô¼g¦¨ªº¡A«H¤º§t¦³¯u¥¿ªº«Où®Ñ«H¡]¤×¨ä¬O­ôªL¦h«e«á®Ñ¡^ªº¦^¾Ð¡F¥L¤S»{¬°¬JµM©««e¤G³¹¤Q¤»¸`¦³¯«ªº©Á«ã¡u²×©ó¡v¡]²{¤¤¡^Á{¨ì¤FµS¤Ó¤H³o¥y¸Ü¡A«ö²z¥²¥ý¦³¥D«á¤C¤Q¦~­C¸ô¼»§N²_³´ªº¨Æ¹ê¡F¦]¦¹¥Lµ²½×»¡¡A©««e¬O«Oùªº¤@­Óªù®{¦b¥D«á¤C¤Q¦~¤§«á¼gªº¡A¥Lªº¥Øªº¬O­n«ì´_±Ð·|¹ï¥D¤§¦A¨Óªº¿³½ì¡C¦ý³oºØ·¥ºÝªº¬Ýªk¥u¬O¡u§å§P¾Ç¾ú¥v¤¤ªº¤@¥ó©Çª«¡v¡A¦b¤µ¤Ñªº¾ÇªÌ¤¤§¹¥þ¤£Àò¤ä«ù¡C3

¸ûªñ´Áªº¤@¨Ç¾ÇªÌ±Ä¥Î¹q¸£²Î­p¤ÀªRªk¬ã¨s«Où®Ñ«Hªº¦r·J©MÅéµô¡A¨ä¤¤¤@¦ì¹F¨ì¤U­±ªºµ²½×¡G©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«á®Ñ¡B´£¦h®Ñ¤ÎµÌ§Qªù®Ñªº½g´T¤Óµu¡A¤£¯à²£¥Í¥ô¦óµ²ªG¡Fù°¨®Ñ¡B­ôªL¦h«e«á®Ñ¤Î¥[©Ô¤Ó®Ñ¬O«Où¼gªº¡F¥H¥±©Ò®Ñ¡BµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤Îºqù¦è®Ñ¸ò´£¼¯¤Ó«e«á®Ñ¤À§O¥X¦Û¥t¥~¨â­Ó¤£¦Pªº¤Hªº¤âµ§¡F©««e«h¤¶¥G¦¹¤G²Õ¡]§Y¥±¡BµÌ¡B¦è¡A¤Î´£«e¡B´£«á¡^¤§¶¡¡A¥¦¥i¯àÄÝ©ó¨ä¤¤¤@²Õ¡A©Î¨â²Õ¤]¤£ÄÝ¡A¦ý¤£¯à¦P®ÉÄÝ©ó¨â²Õ¡C4´«¨¥¤§¡A©««e¨Ã¤£¬O«Où©Ò¼gªº¡]¸Ó§@ªÌ»{¬°©««á¤]¤£¬O¡^¡C¦ý©««eÁöµM¤ñ«á®Ñ¸ûªø¡A«o¤´µM¤£¬O¤@«Ê«Üªøªº«H¡A5±N¹q¸£¤ÀªRªkÀ³¥Î©ó³o»òµuªº¤@«Ê«H¡A¨ä¦³®Ä©Ê¬O»á­È±oÃhºÃªº¡C6¦¹¥~¡A­Õ­Y¦è©Ô¬O«Oùªº¥Nµ§¤H¡]°Ñ¤­27µùÄÀ¡^¡A¦Ó¥L¦bºc¦¨¦¹«Hªº¨Æ¤W§êºt¤F¬Û·í­«­nªº¨¤¦â¡A¨º«K¨¬¥H¸ÑÄÀ°Q½×¤¤ªº³o¦ì¾ÇªÌ©Ò´£¥XÃö©ó©««e¦bÅéµô¤è­±¸ò¥|«Ê¥D­nªº«Où®Ñ«Hªº¤À§O¤F¡C7

Á`¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A¤µ¤Ñªº¾ÇªÌ¤¤ÂA¦³¤HÃhºÃ©««e¨Ã«D«Où©Ò¼gªº¡A¥H­P¦³ÄÀ¸gªÌ°®¯Üªº°²©w¦¹«H¬O¥X¦Û«Où¤âµ§¡A¡u¦]¬°¡e§Ú­Ì¡f¨S»Ý­n¹ïµL¤H½èºÃªº¡e½×ÂI¡f¥[¥HÅGÅ@¡v¡C8

¤£¹L¡A¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó©ó¨÷­º»P«OùÁp¦W¥X²{¡A¨Ã¥B°£¤F¤T³B¦a¤è¬ðµM¥Î³æ¼Æªº²Ä¤@¤HºÙ¡u§Ú¡v¦r¥~¡]¤G18¡A¤T5¡A¤­27¡F°Ñ©««á¤G5¡A¤T17¡^¡A¥þ®Ñ³£¬O¥Î½Æ¼Æªº²Ä¤@¤HºÙ¡u§Ú­Ì¡v¡A³o²{¶H¦³°Q½×ªº¥²­n¡]¸Ô¨£¤@1aµùÄÀ¡^¡Cµ§ªÌ»{¬°¡A¦¹«H¡]¤Î«á®Ñ¡^ªº¯u¥¿§@ªÌ¥u¬O«Où¤@¤H¡A¡u§Ú­Ì¡v¤@µü«h«ö¤£¦Pªº¤å²z¦³²¤¬°¤£¦Pªº¤º²[¡A¦ý¨Ã¤£ªí¥Ü¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó¦³¥÷¼g³o«Ê«H¡]¤Î«á®Ñ¡^¡C

 

1 F.C. Baur(1762-1860) and the 'Tu/bingen School'(cf. C. Brown, NIDCC 987-988)

2 Cf. Guthrie, Introduction 567 n.2; Best 22-23.

3 ¨Ì¦¸¨£Bruce xxxiii; IBD 1555b('a curiosity in the history of criticism'); Ku/mmel, Introduction 260.

4 Morton, 'Authorship', esp. 231-232(cf.233). Cf. A.Q. Morton, The Integrity of the Pauline Epistles(Manchester 1965); µ§ªÌ¨S¦³¬Ý¹L¦¹®Ñ¡C

5 Grant(Introduction 176 n.1) «ü¥X¡A«e®Ñ¦@1472¦r¡A¦r·J¼Æ¥Ø¬°366¡F«á®Ñ¦@824¦r¡A¦r·J¼Æ¥Ø¬°250¡C

6 Cf. J.C. Hurd, IDBS 649a. ¥ç°Ñ¶¾¡G¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡v 19-20¡C

7 Cf. Bruce xxxiv.Ãö©ó¥j®É®Ñ«H¥Nµ§¤Hªº¥\¯à¡A°ÑLongenecker, 'Form Function, and Authority' 106-109.§@ªÌ«ü¥X¡A¥Nµ§¤Hªº³d¥ô¦]¤H¦Ó²§¡A¦Ü»´ªÌ¦p¤@¦¨¤£Åܦaµ§¿ý§@ªÌªº¤f­z¡A¦Ü­«ªÌ¦p§â§@ªÌ¤@¨Ç·§²¤ªº«ä·Q½ü¹ø¥H¤å¦r¥R¹ê°_¨Ó¡F«Oùªº°µªk¥i¯à¦]©Ò³BªºÀô¹Ò¤Î¥i¥Îªº¤H¤â¦Ó²§¡C

8 Marshall 6

 

¶L¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«°

1©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«°¦ì©ó°¨¨ä¹yªF¥_¡B·Rµ^®ü¦è¥_¤§©«³Â®üÆW2ªº­ººÝ¡A¥¦±q¶}©l«K¬O°¨¨ä¹yªº¥D­n®ü´ä¡C¦¹«°¤D°¨¨ä¹y¤ý­{´²±o3¡]¥L´¿¦b¨È¾ú¤s¤j¤j«Ò¾£¤U¥ô±N»â¡^¬ù©ó¥D«e315¦~©Ò«Ø¡A¨Ã¥H¨ä¦Z©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{ªº¦W¦r©R¦W¡]¦o¬OµÌ¤O¤G¥@¤§¤k¨à¡B¨È¾ú¤s¤j¤j«Òªº©n©f¡^¡C­{´²±o´¿±N©««°ªþªñ­ì¦³ªº¬ù¤G¤Q¤»­Ó¥«Âí©Î§ø¸¨·´·À¡A¨Ã±j¹G¨ä¤¤ªº©~¥Á¾E¨ì¨º­Ó·s«°¥«©~¦í¡F¨ä¤¤ªº¤@­Ó«°Âí¬O¦b©««°ªF«n¬ù¤C­ù¡]¬ù¤Q¤@¤½¨½¡^ªº©«³Â¡A4³o´N¸ÑÄÀ¤F¬°¬Æ»ò§Æþªº¦a²z¤Î¾ú¥v¾Ç®a´µ¯S©Ôªi5¥i¥H¸û¼Ò½k¦a»¡©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{ªº«e¦W¬O©«³Â¡C

©««°Àþ§Y¦¨¬°°¨¨ä¹yªº¥D­n«°¥«¤§¤@¡C¥D«e168¦~¡A°¨¨ä¹y¬°Ã¹°¨©Ò±Ñ¡A¦¸¦~³Q¤À¬°¥|­Ó¦@©M°ê¡A³Ì«á¤S©ó¥D«e148¦~³Qù°¨§]¨Ö¡A¦¨¬°Ã¹°¨ªº¤@¬Ù¡A¨º¥|­Ó¦@©M°êÅܦ¨¬Ù¤º¥|­Ó¦a°Ï¡F©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{¦¨¬°¦¹·s¬Ù¥÷ªº­º³£¤Îù°¨¬FÅv¦b¬Ù¤ºªº¦æ¬F¤¤¼Ï¡Cù°¨¤H©Ò«Øªº¦æ­x¡A¤j¹D¡A§Y¦³¦Wªº¨Ì®æ¨º¦N¨È¸ô¡]°Ñ¶¾¡G¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡v 27-28¡^¡A±qªF«n¦Ü¦è¥_³e¬ï©««°¡C

¦b³Í¼»¤j«Ò³Q¨ë¨­¤`«áªºÃ¹°¨¤º¾Ô´Á¶¡¡A©««°®Ä©¾©ó¦wªF¥§»P¶ø¥Lºû¦w¡A¥L­Ì©ó¥D«e42¦~¾Ô³Ó¤F¦æ¨ë³Í¼»ªº¥¬¾|¯S´µ»P¦p´µ¯Q¤h¡]°Ñ¶¾¡G¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡v 28¡^¡F©««°Àò±Â¡u¦Û¥Ñ«°¡vªº¦a¦ì©MÅv§Q¡A´N¬O¥¦ªº©~¥Á¥i¥H¥Ñ¥L­Ì¦Û¤vªº¡u¦a¤è©x¡v¡]²{¤¤¦P¡F®{¤Q¤C6¡B8¡^©Î¡u¥»¦a©xªø¡v¡]«ä°ª¡^6ºÞªv¥L­Ì¡C¦Ò¥j¾Ç®aµo²{¡A¦b©««°¦è­±¤H¤fªºÃ¹°¨«ýªù7¤W¡A»Ê¨è¤F¤»­Ó³o¨Ç¦a¤è©xªº¦W¦r¡A¦¹»Ê¨èÄÝ¥D«e30¦~¦Ü¥D«á143¦~¤§¶¡¡CÁÙ¦³¨ä¥L´X¥÷¦b©««°µo²{ªº»Ê¨è¤å¦r¡A¥ç´£¨ì¦a¤è©x¡C³o¨Çµo²{ÃÒ¹ê¤F¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¹ï·í®É©««°ªº¦æ¬F²Õ´ªº´yø¡C

¥Ñ©ó©««°¦û¤F®ü³°¨â¸ôªºÀu¶V¦ì¸m¡A¥¦¤£¶È¬O¦æ¬Fªº¤¤¼Ï¡A¤]¬O­Ó¥æ³q­n¶ë©M­«­nªº°Ó·~¤¤¤ß¡C¹³¨ä¥Lªº¶T©ö¤¤¤ß¤Î®ü´ä¤@¼Ë¡A©««°¦³¤@­Ó¤H¼Æ¤£¤ÖªºµS¤Ó¤HªÀúó¤ÎµS¤Ó¤Hªº·|°ó¡]®{¤Q¤C1¡^¡A8³o·|°ó´N¬O°ò·þªººÖ­µ¦b©««°ú¦³°ªº¦a¤è¡C

 

1 ¥»¸`¥D­n¨ú§÷¦ÛJ. Finegan, IDB IV 629; E.A. Judge, IBD 1556-1557; Bruce xx-xxii; Marshall 2-3.

2 Thermaic Gulf, ¤µºÙ¼»Ã¹¥§­{®üÆW(the Gulf of Salonika/Salonica). Salonika/Salonica¬O©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{(Thessalonica)ªº²{¦W¡C

3 Cassander.

4 Therma/Therme¡A¤j©è¦]ªþªñ¦³·Å¬u¡A¬G¦W¡C

5 Strabo(c.63B.C.-A.D. 24).

6 ­ì¤å¬°politarchas, accusative plural of politarches.

7 The Vardar Gate.

8 C.L. Thompson(IDBS 902a) ´£¤Î¤@¥÷·sªñ³Q¬ã¨sªº»Ê¨è¤å¦r¡A¨ä¤W¦³¥Á¤»22-27ªº§Æþ¤å½Ķ©M¤@¨Ç§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªº¤ù»y¡A¦³¤H»{¬°³oªí¥Ü©««°¥ç¦³¤@¼»º¿§Q¨È¤Hªº¹ÎÅé¡C

 

úS¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{ªº±Ð·|

±q©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¥i¨£¡A«Où¤Î¨ä¦P¤u¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó¨ì©««°¶ÇºÖ­µ¡]¤@5¡A¤G1¡^¬Oºò±µú¦¥L­Ì¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡u³Q®`¨ü°d¡v¤§«á¡]¤G2¡C¡^¡F©«¤H¦]«H¥D¦Ó¾D¨ü¹G­¢¡]¤@6¡A¤G14¡^¡A¨º¨Ç«Å±Ð¤h·íµM¥ç¤£¯à­Æ§K¡]¤G2b¡A¤T4¡^¡C¤T¤HÂ÷¶}©««°«á¡A«K¤U¨ì¶®¨å¡]¤T1¡^¡FÁöµM«Où´¿¦h¦¸¹Á¸Õªð¦^©««°±´±æ±Ð·|¡A¦ýÁ`¬O¤£¯à¦¨¥\¡]¤G17-18¡^¡A¥L¥u¦n®t´£¼¯¤Ó´À¥L«e¥h¡]¤T2¡^¡A¦p¤µ¤S¦A¥H®Ñ«H¥N´À¥L¿Ë¨­³X°Ý¡C³o­Ó¤jºõ¸ò¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¡]¤Q¤»11¦Ü¤Q¤K5¡^¸û¸Ô²Óªº³ø¾É¤jÅé¤W«D±`§k¦X¡A¦]¦¹¡AÁöµM¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç©M©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñªº¼g§@¤é´Á¬Û¹j¤@¬q»áªøªº®É¶¡¡A§Ú­Ì¤´¥iÂǨϮ{¦æ¶Ç©Ò´£¨Ñªº¾ú¥v¬[ºc¨Ó¬Ý©««eªº¸ê®Æ¡A±q¦Ó¹ï«áªÌÀò±o§ó²M´·ªº¤F¸Ñ¡C1

«ö¨Ï®{¦æ¶Çªº°O¸ü¡A«Où¦b¥L©Ò¿×ªº²Ä¤G¦¸«Å±Ð®Èµ{¤¤­º¦¸±q¤p¨È¦è¨È¡u¶V¬w¡v¹L¨ì°¨¨ä¹y¡C²Ä¤@¯¸¬OµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡A«Où©M¥Lªº¦P¤u¦b¨ºùثإߤF±Ð·|¡]¤Q¤»12-40¡F¸Ô°Ñ¶¾¡G¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡v30-33¡^¡AµM«á¸g¹L·t¦mªi¨½¤Î¨Èªiù¥§¨È¡A¨Ó¨ì©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{¡]¤Q¤C1¡F¸ô¥[§âªø¹F¤@¦Ê­ù¡e¬ù160¤½¨½¡fªº®Èµ{´N³o¼Ë»´»´±°¹L¤F¡^¡C¤@³s¤T­Ó¦w®§¤é¡A«Où¦bµS¤Ó¤Hªº·|°ó«ÅÁ¿­C¿q´N¬O¬ù©Ò¹w¨¥¤§À±ÁɨȪº«H®§¡]¤Q¤C2-3¡^¡A2¤@¨ÇµS¤Ó¤H«H¤F¥D¡A¨ä¤¤¦³±µ«Ý«Où©M¦P¤uªº­C®]¡A¤Î¨ä«á¦¨¬°«Oùªº®È¦ñ¨Ã»P¥L¤@¦P§¤¨cªº¨È¨½¹F¥j¡]¤Q¤E29¡A¤G¤Q4¡A¤Ü¤C2¡F¦è¥|10¡Fªù24¡^¡F«H¦ÓÂk¥DªÌÁÙ¥]¬A¦n¨Ç°Ñ¥[·|°ó±R«ôªº°@·qªº§Æþ¤H¡A¨ä¤¤¦³¨Ç¬O¡uÅã­nªº°ü¤k¡v¡]¤Q¤C4¡A·sĶ¡^¡A¦¹»y¥i¯à«ü¦o­Ì¬O«°¤¤ªºÅã­n¤Hª«ªº©d¤l¡C°ü¤k¦b°¨¨ä¹y¤ñ°_¥ô¦ó¨ä¥L¦a¤è³£¨É¦³¸û°ªªº¦a¦ì©M¸û¤jªº¦Û¥Ñ¡]°Ñ¤Q¤»14-15¡FµÌ¥|2¡eµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡f¡F¤Q¤C12¡e§È­ù¨È¡f¡^¡F¦b³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¡A¨º«Å§i¦b¯«²´¤¤¨k¤k°ò¥»¤W¥­µ¥ªººÖ­µ¦ÛµM±q°ü¤kÀò±o«Ü¦nªº¦^À³¡C¹ï°@·qªº¥~±Ú¤H¨Ó»¡¡A°ò·þ±Ð¤ñµS¤Ó±Ð§ó³Ó¤@Äw¡A¦]¬°¦b©v±Ð¤Î¹D¼wªº¥­­±¤W§l¤Þ¥L­Ì¨ìµS¤Ó¤H·|°óªº¨º¨Ç¯À½è¡]¦p¤@¯««H¥õ¡BÄY®æªº¹D¼w³W«ß¡^¡A°ò·þ±Ð³£¨ã³Æ¤F¡A¦ý°ò·þ±Ð¨Ã¨S¦³µS¤Ó±Ðªº¥Á±Ú¥D¸q©Ò§Î¦¨ªº°¾®t¡B«ßªk¥D¸q©Ò³y¦¨ªº­­¨î¡A¥H¤ÎºØºØ§»ö¤è­±ªº­n¨D¡]¤×¨ä¬O³Î§¡^¡C3

¤@¨ÇÄÀ¸gªÌ»{¬°¡A¡u¤@³s¤T­Ó¦w®§¤é¡v¡]¤Q¤C2¡^³o¥y¸Üªí¥Ü«O¯d¦b©««°¥u°±¯d¤F¤T­Ó¬P´Á©Î¤j¬ù¤@­Ó¤ë¤§¤[¡C4¦ý³o­Ó¸ÑÄÀ¸ò©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñªº¤ºÃÒ¤£²Å¡A¦]¬°¡]¤@¡^©««°ªº«H®{¤j³¡¥÷¬Oª½±µ±q²§±Ðªº­I´ºÂk¦V°ò·þ±Ðªº¡A³o¨Ç¡uÂ÷±ó°¸¹³¡AÂk¦V¯«¡v¡]¤@9¡^ªº¥~±Ú«H²³¡]°Ñ¤G14¡A¥|1-5¡^¤£¯à»{¦P¬°¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¨º¨Ç¡u°@·qªº§Æ§Q¥§¤H¡v¡]¤Q¤C4¡^¡F5¦Ó¥B¡]¤G¡^«Où©M¦P¤u©Òµ¹¤©©«¤Hªº±Ð¾É¡]¤G9-12¡^¡A¥H¤Î«Å±Ð¤h»P«H®{¤§¶¡©Ò«Ø¥ß°_¨Óªº¿Ë¤ÁÃö«Y¡]¤G8¡B11¡B17-20¡A¤T6-10¡^¡A³£´£¥Ü§Ú­Ì¡A«Où¦b©««°³r¯dªº®É¶¡·¥¥i¯à¤£¶È¬O¤T¡B¥|­Ó¬P´Á¡C6¥Ñ¦¹¬Ý¨Ó¡A¡u³sÄò¤T­Ó¦w®§¤é¡v¡]²{¤¤¡^«Ü¥i¯à¥u¬O«Où³Ìªì¦bµS¤Ó¤H·|°ó¤¤¶Ç¹Dªº®É´Á¡A¨ä«á¥LÁÙª½±µªº¦V·|°ó¥H¥~ªº¥~±Ú¤H¡]¥]¬A§Æþ¤H¡Bù°¨¤H¤Î¨ä¥L¡^¶Ç¹D¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦³¼Æ¬P´Á¤§¤[¡C7

¤£¹L¡A§Ú­Ì¤£­n»~¥H¬°«OùÂ÷¶}µS¤Ó¤Hªº·|°ó«á¡A«K¥H²{¥N¡uµó¹D§G¹D¡vªº¤è¦¡¦V¥~±Ú¤H¶ÇºÖ­µ¡F8¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤Q¤C³¹¤­¸`´£¥Ü§Ú­Ì¡A«Où¬O¥H­C®]ªº®a§@¬°¥L¦V¥~±Ú¤H¶ÇºÖ­µªº°ò¦a¡C9®Ú¾Ú¤@¦ì¾ÇªÌ·sªñªº¬ã¨s¡A«Où¦b©««°¦V¥~±Ú¤H¶ÇºÖ­µªº¥D­nµ¦²¤¡A´N¬O§Q¥Î¤@­Ó¡u®a¡v©Ò´£¨Ñªº¥b»÷ÀRªºÀô¹Ò¡A¤@­±»P¨ä¥Lªº¤âÃÀªÌ¤@¦P±q¨Æ¥LªºÂ¾·~¡A¤@­±°µ¶ÇºÖ­µªº¤u§@¡C­C®]ªº¡u®a¡v¡A«Ü¥i¯à¤£¬O¥u¦³·¥´I¦³ªº¤H¤~¦í±o°_ªº¨ººØ©Ð¤l¡A¦Ó¬Où°¨«Ò°êªº¤j«°¥«¤¤µ´¤j¦h¼Æªº¤H©Ò¦íªº¤½´J¦¡¦í¦v¼Ó¦t¤ºªº¤@­Ó³æ¦ì¡C¤@­Ó¨å«¬ªº¦í¦v¼Ó¦t¬O³o¼Ëªº¡G¼Ó¤U¬O¤@±Æ¦Vú¦µóªº©±¾Q¡A«á­±©Î¼Ó¤W¦³©±¥D©M®a¤H©~¦íªº¦a¤è¡F¼Ó¦t¤ºÁÙ¦³»s³y©±¤º¥X°â¤§ª««~ªº¦a¤è¡A¥H¤Î¨Ñ³X«È¡B¹µ­û¡B¹²¤H©Î¥£¹²©~¦íªº¦a¤è¡C¦]¦¹¡A³o¨Ç¡u®a¡v¸ò²{¥Nªº¡u®Ö¤l®a®x¡v¬O§¹¥þ¤£¦Pªº¡F¥¦­Ì¬O¥Ñ¾Þ¤âÃÀªº³Ò°ÊªÌºc¦¨ªº¡BªÀ·|¤@¥D­n³¡¥÷ªº¾î¤Á­±¡A¥¦­Ì»P¨ä¥Lªº¡u®a¡v¦]¿Ë±­Ãö«Y¡B¤Í½Ë¡B¾·~¤Wªº§Q«Kµ¥¦]¯À¦ÓÁp¦¨¤@­Ó½ÆÂøªºªÀ¥æºô¡C«Où¦b³oºØ¡u®a¡vªº±¡ªp¤U¶i¦æ¶ÇºÖ­µªº¤u§@¬O­Ó¥¿½Tªºµ¦²¤¡A¦]¬°³o¨Ç¡u®a¡v¬°¥L´£¨Ñ¤F¤@­Ó¤ñ¸ûÁô»÷ªºÀô¹Ò¡A¤]µ¹¤F¥L¤@¨Ç²{¦¨ªºÅ¥²³¡A¥H¤Î¤@­ÓÁpµ¸ºô¡A¥Lªº¼vÅT¤O¥iªuú¦¦¹ºô½¯©µ¶}¥h¡C10

«Où¦b©««°¦V¥~±Ú¤H¶ÇºÖ­µªº¤u§@«D±`¦³®Ä¡A¥H­P¥~±Ú«H®{ªº¤H¼Æ¶W¹L¤F­ì¥ýºc¦¨±Ð·|®Ö¤ßªºµS¤Ó¤H¤Î°@·qªº§Æþ¤H¡A«áªÌÅܦ¨©««°±Ð·|ªº¡u¤Ö¼Æ¥Á±Ú¡v¡C«Oùªº¦¨¥\·S°_¤£«HªºµS¤Ó¤Hªº¶ú§ª©M¼Ä·N¡]°Ñ¤Q¤T45¡^¡A¥L­Ì¡u©Û»E¤F¤@¨Ç¥«¤«ªº¬yª]¡AªÈ¦X¦¨úó¡AÄÌ°Ê¥þ«°¡v¡]¤Q¤C5a¡A·sĶ¡^¢w¢w¥L­Ì·QÀç³y¤@ºØ°²¶H¡A¥s¤H¥H¬°³o¬O­Ó¥Á²³ªº¹B°Ê¢w¢wµM«á¥L­Ì¶i§ð­C®]ªº®a¡A­n§ä«Où¡B¦è©Ô¡A§â¥L­Ì©Ô¨ì¥Á²³¨ºùØ¡]¤Q¤C5b¡^¡C11¬J§ä¤£ú¦¥L­Ì¡AµS¤Ó¤H´N±Ä¨ú¥t¤@­Ó°µªk¡G¥L­Ì§â­C®]©M´X­Ó¡u§Ì¥S¡v¡]±q§@ªÌ¸ô¥[ªº¨¤«×¦Ó¨¥¡^©Ô¨ì¦a¤è©x¨ºùØ¡A±±¥H¦¬¯dº´°Ê«q¶ÃªÌªº¸o¦W¡]¤Q¤C6-7¡^¡C

¡u¨ºÅͶäѤU¡v©Î¡uÂZ¶Ã¤Ñ¤U¡v¡]«ä°ª¡B·sĶ¡B²{¤¤¡F·N§Y¡u¨ì³B¤Þ°_³Â·Ð¡v¡^ªº¤HÅãµM«ü«Où©M¦è©Ô¡F¡u¤]¨ì³oùبӤF¡v³o¸Ü´£¥Ü§Ú­Ì¡A¥L­Ì¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñ¶Ç¹D¤Þ°_³Â·Ðªº­·Án¦­¤w¶Ç¨ìµS¤Ó¤Hªº¦Õ¤¤¡A¤]³\³o¨ÇµS¤Ó¤HÁٹ墨¨Ç«Å±Ð¤h¸û¦­®É¦b¤p¨È²Ó¨Èªº¶Ç¹D¤u§@²¤¦³©Ò»D¡CµL½×¦p¦ó¡A¡uÂZ¶Ã¡v¤@¦r¦³±q¨Æº´°Ê«q¶Ã©Î¶ÉÂЬF©²¤§¬¡°Êªº§t·N¡C12­C®]³ºµM¦¬¯d¤F¥L­Ì¡A¦]¦¹«K²o³s¦b«Où©M¦è©Ô©Ò¥Çªº¸oùØ­±¡A¨â§å¤H¦@¦Pªº¸oª¬´N¬O¡G¡u­I«q³Í¼»¿Ù¥O¦æ¨Æ¡A»¡¥t¦³¤@­Ó°ê¤ý¡A´N¬O­C¿q¡v¡]«ä°ª¡^¡C³o±±¸oÅã¥Ü¡A¦­´Á±Ð·|¤w«Ü¦ÛµM¦a§â­C¿q¶Ç¹DªºµJÂI¡]¡u¤Ñ°ê¡v¡^§ï¬°«ÅÁ¿³o¤Ñ°êªº¡u¤ý¡v¡]¡u­C¿q¬O¥D¡v¡G°Ñ¤Q¤»31¡^¡F³o­Ó«H®§«Ü®e©ö³Q»~¸Ñ¬°«ÅÁ¿»P³Í¼»¬°¼Äªº¥t¤@­Ó¡]¦a¤Wªº¡^¤ý¡A³oºØº´°Ê©Êªº¦æ¬°ÅãµM¬O¹Hªkªº¡A¥Î¤£ú¦¥X°Ê¡u¸Ó¼»ªº©R¥O¡v¨Ó¥[¥H¨î¤î¡C¤@¦ìªñ¥NªºÃ¹°¨¥v¾ÇªÌ´£¥X¡A­²¦Ñ¥áªº¿Ù¥O¬O­n¨¾¤îµS¤Ó¤H¦b¥þ¦a¤Wº´°ÊÄ̶èƥó¡A³o¸òº´°Ê¤H­I«q³Í¼»¬O¨â¦^¨Æ¡A¦]¦¹¥L»{¬°¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¦b³oùعï©óµS¤Ó¤H¹ï«Oùµ¥¤Hªº±±¸o¥i¯à§@¤F¬n¦±ªº³ø¾É¡C13³oµ²½×¬O¤£¥²­nªº¡C¦]¬°«Où¦b©««°©Ò¶Çªº«H®§¡A¤£¦ý´£¥X­C¿q¬O¥H¦â¦C²³¥ýª¾©Ò¹w¨¥ªºÀ±Áɨȡ]¤Q¤C2-3¡^¡A¦Ó¥BÁ٫ŧi³o¦ì¦º¦Ó´_¬¡ªº­C¿q­n¥H´¶¥@¼f§PªÌªº¨­¥÷¦AÁ{¦a¤W¡]°Ñ©««á¤@7-10¡^¡F³o­Ó¥½¥@©Êªº«H®§«Ü®e©ö³Q¸Ñ¬°¹w§i²ÎªvªÌªº§ó´«¡A¦Ó¨È¥j¤h·þ¤Î´£¤ñ¯d³£´¿¥ý«áµo¥X¿Ù¥O¡]¥D«á11¤Î16¦~¡^¡A¸T¤î¤H¹w´ú¥ô¦ó¤Hªº¦º¤`¡C¡u¸Ó¼»ªº©R¥O¡v©Ò«üªº¡A¤£¬O­²¦Ñ¥áªº¿Ù¥O¡A¦Ó¬O³o¨Ç¸û¦­ªº¿Ù¥O¡C¤£¦ý¦p¦¹¡Aù°¨¦U¬Ù¤º¦U«°ªº©xªø¦³³d¥ô°õ¦æ¸Ó¼»ªº©R¥O¡]¥L­Ì¥i¯à´¿«Å»}·|³o¼Ë°µ¡^¡A¨Ã¦b¸Ó¼»­Ó¤H©Î¬FÅv¨ü¨ì¥ô¦ó«Â¯Ù®É±Ä¨ú¦X©yªº¦æ°Ê¡C14

¸s²³©M¦a¤è©xÅ¥¤FµS¤Ó¤Hªº±±µü¡A´N¡u´q´q¤£¦w¡v¡]¤Q¤C8¡A«ä°ª¡^©Î¡uÅå·W°_¨Ó¡v¡]·sĶ¡^¡F¤£¹L¡A¤]³\¥Ñ©ó©««°²¦³º¬O­Ó¦Û¥Ñ«°¡A¦bù°¨¥qªk½d³ò¤§¥~¡Aªp¥B¥D­nªº¡u¶ûºÃ¥Ç¡v«Où©M¦è©Ô¤S¤£¦b³õ¡A¦]¦¹¨º¨Ç¦a¤è©x¤£Ä±±o»Ý­n±Ä¨ú«ÜÄY¼Fªº±¹¬I¡G15¥L­Ì¥u¬O¡u¨ú¤F­C®]©M¨ä¾l¤§¤Hªº«Oª¬¡A´NÄÀ©ñ¤F¥L­Ì¡v¡]¤Q¤C9¡^¡C¡u¨ú¤F«Oª¬¡v¡]«ä°ª¡^¬O·í®É¥Á¨Æ©M¦D¨Æªk«ßµ{§Ç¤Wªº¤@­Ó±M¥Î»y¡A¦b³oùؤj©è«ü­C®]©M¨ä¥Lªº§Ì¥S¾á«O¨º¨Ç«Å±Ð¤g·|©^¤½¦uªk¡A¤£·|¤Þ°_ÄÌ°Ê¡A¦Ó¤£¬O16¾á«O¥L­Ì·|¥ß§YÂ÷¶}©««°¤Î/©Î¥Ã¤£¦A¦^¨ì©««°¡]¸Ô°Ñ¤G18µùÄÀ¡^¡F¤£¹L¡A¦b·í®Éªº±¡ªp¤U¡A¬°§K²£¥Í§ó¦hªº³Â·Ð¡A³Ì¦w¥þªº°µªkÁÙ¬O§â«Où©M¦è©Ô°e©¹§È­ù¨È¡AÂ÷¶}©««°¦a¤è©xªº¥qªk½d³ò¡A©ó¬O­C®]µ¥¤H´N³o¼Ë§@¤F¡]¤Q¤C10¡^¡C17

«Où¦b§È­ù¨Èªº·|°ó¤¤¶ÇºÖ­µ¡A¤Þ­P¤£¤Ö¤H«H¥D¡A¥]¬A¡]¦p¦b©««°¤@¼Ë¡^¤@¨Ç¡u°ª¶Qªº§Æþ°ü¤k¡v¡]¤Q¤C12¡A·sĶ¡^¡F¦ý©««°ªºµS¤Ó¤H¹ï«OùÁæ¦Ó¤£±Ëªº°l¨ì§È­ù¨È¨Ó¡Aº´°ÊÂZ¶Ãú󲳡C«Où§â¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó¯d¦b§È­ù¨È¡A¦Û¤v¤U¨ì¶®¨å¡Aµ¥­Ô¥L­Ì¾¨§Ö»°¨ì¨ºùظò¥L·|¦X¡]¤Q¤C14-16¡^¡C±q©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¤T³¹¤@¦Ü¤G¸`¥i¨£¡A«Où¦b¶®¨å®É¡A¼x±o¦è©Ô¦P·N¡A§â´£¼¯¤Ó¥´µo¦^©««°¥h±´±æ·í¦aªº±Ð·|¡]¸Ô°Ñ¤T1¹ï¡u¿W¦Û¡v¤@µüªºµùÄÀ¡^¡A³oªí¥Ü¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó½T¦³¿í·Ó«Oùªº§h©J¤U¨ì¶®¨å©M¥L·|¦X¡C¨ä«á¡u«OùÂ÷¤F¶®¨å¡A¨Ó¨ì­ôªL¦h¡v¡A¦b¨ºùØ¡u¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó±q°¨¨ä¹y¨Ó¡v¡A¦A¦¸»P«Où·|¦X¡]®{¤Q¤K1¡B5¡F°ÑªL«á¤@19¡^¡F³oªí¥Ü¥L­Ì¤T¤H¦b¶®¨å·|¦X®É¡A«Où¤£¦ý®t¤F´£¼¯¤Ó¦^©««°¡A¤]®t¤F¦è©Ô¦^°¨¨ä¹y¥t¤@­Ó¦a¤è¢w¢w³Ì¦X²zªº±À´ú´N¬OµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡C18

©««°±Ð·|¤é«á¸ò«OùªºÃö«Y¡A³¡¥÷±q©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e«á®Ñ¡BµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡]¥|15-16¡^¡B­ôªL¦h«á®Ñ¡]¤K1-5¡A¤Q¤@9¡^¤Îù°¨®Ñ¡]¤Q¤­26¡^¤Ï¬M¥X¨Ó¡G±Ð·|»P¨Ï®{¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¤Q¤À¨}¦n¡A«Où¯S§OºÙÆg¥L­Ì¦b¤j¹G­¢¤¤¤´µM«ù¦u°í©w¤£²¾ªº«H¤ß©M¨£ÃÒ¡A¨Ã¥B¦b·¥³h§xªº¹Òªp¤¤¤´µMºB´n¸ÑÅn¡A®½§U¥L­Ó¤H¤Î­C¸ô¼»§N±Ð·|ªº»Ý­n¡C¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç§i¶D§Ú­Ì¡A«Où©ó­ôªL¦h¤Î¥H¥±©Òªº¶Ç¹D¤u§@§i¤@¬q¸¨«á¡]¶ZÂ÷¥L³Q¹GÂ÷¶}©««°®É¤w¬ù¦³¤­¦~¡G°Ñ¤Q¤C11¡A¤G¤Q31¡^¡A«K©¹°¨¨ä¹y¥h¡]¤Q¤E21a¡A¤G¤Q1-2¡F°ÑªL«e¤Q¤»5¡FªL«á¤@15¦Ü¤G13¡^¡A¡u¨«¹M¨º¤@±a¦a¤è¡A¥Î³\¦h¸ÜÄU«j²³¤H¡v¡]¤G¤Q2a¡A·sĶ¡^¡C¦b¦¹´Á¶¡¡A«Où¥i¯à´¿ªuú¦¥ì®æ¨º¦N¨È¸ô¦è¦æ¡A¾î¹L°¨¨ä¹y¡Aª½¦Ü¸Ó¸ôªº¦è¤è²×ÂI¦a©Ô©~·t¡AµM«á¥_¤W¡A¶V¹L°¨¨ä¹yªºÃä¬É¡A¶i¨ì¥H§Q­ù¥j¡]ù¤Q¤­19¡^¡A¦b¨ºùؽm²ß¥H©Ô¤B»y¶ÇºÖ­µ¡A§@¬°¥L­p¹º¤é«á¸gù°¨©¹¤h¯Z¶®¥h¶ÇºÖ­µªº·Ç³Æ¡]°Ñ®{¤Q¤E21b¡Fù¤@13¡A¤Q¤­22-23¡B28¡^¡C19¦^¨ì°¨¨ä¹yªF³¡«á¡A«K«n¤U©¹§Æþ¡A¦b¨ºùØ¡]¤j·§¬O¦b­ôªL¦h¡^¦í¤F¤T­Ó¤ë«á¡A¤S¦A¥_¤W¦^°¨¨ä¹y¥h¡A±qµÌ¥ß¤ñ§¤²î¨ì¯Sù¨È¡A¦A±q¨ºùبú¹D©¹­C¸ô¼»§N¡]®{¤G¤Q2b-6¡^¡C¦b»P«Où¦P©¹¨È¦è¨Èªº®È¦ñ¤¤¡A¦³¨â­Ó©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{¤H¡]4¸`¡^¡A³o´NÃÒ¹ê¤F¤@¥ó¥»¨­¤w¬O¤Q¤À¥i¯àªº¨Æ¡A´N¬O¦b«Où¨â¦¸­«³X°¨¨ä¹yªº´Á¶¡¡A¥L³£´¿¦^¨ì©««°±´±æ·í¦aªº±Ð·|¡C

 

1 Cf. Bruce xxi.

2 ²Ä¤G¸`ªº¡uÅG½×¡v­ì¤å¬°dialegomai¡A¦b·s¬ù¦@¥Î¤F¤Q¤T¦¸¡C¦¹¦rªº¤@­Ó·N«ä¬O¡uª§½×¡v¡]¥i¤E34¡^©Î¡uª§ÅG¡v¡]µS9¡F·sĶ¡uª§½×¡v¡^¡A¥t¤@­Ó·N«ä¬O¡uÁ¿½×¡B«ÅÁ¿¡v¡]¦p¦b¨Ó¤Q¤G5¡A¤¤Ä¶¡uÄU¡]«j¡^¡v¡^¡C¦¹¦r¦b¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¥X²{ªº¤Q¦¸¡A¥i¯à³£¬O¡uÁ¿½×¡v¡]¤Q¤E8¡e«ä°ª¡f¡A¤Ü¥|25¡e«ä°ª¦P¡f¡^©Î¡uÁ¿¹D¡v¡]¤G¤Q7¡e·sĶ¡B²{¤¤¡B«ä°ª¡f¡A9¡e«ä°ª¡f¡^¤§·N¡]¥t¨£¤Q¤C2¡B17¡A¤Q¤K4¡B19¡A¤Q¤E9¡A¤Ü¥|12¡^¡CCf. G. Schrenk, TDNT II 94-95, TDNTA 155; Harrison, Acts 261.

3 Neil xi.

4 E.g. Lake, Earlier Epistle 64-66; Gundry, Survey 267-268.

5 ¦³¥j¨÷©ósebomeno{n¤ÎHelle{no{n¤§¶¡¦³kai¦r¡A¡u°@·qªº§Æ§Q¥§¤H¡vÅܦ¨¡u°@·qªº¤H¤Î§Æ§Q¥§¤H¡v¡A¦ý¦¹¡u¤Î¡v¦r¥i¯à¬O«á¨Óªº§ÛªÌ¬°­n´î¤Ö¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç»P©««e¤§¶¡ªº®t§O¦Ó¥[¤Wªº(cf. Best 5).

6 ¸ò³o°ÝÃD¦³Ãö¡B¦ý¤£¯à¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ù¦¹»¡ªº¨âÂI¬O¡G¡]¤@¡^«Où¦b©««°ªº®É­Ô´¿¿Ë¤â§@¤u¡]©««e¤G9¡F©««á¤T8¡^¡A¦n¹³¥L´¿¦b¨ºùؤ@¬q»áªøªº®É¶¡¡C¦ý§Y¨Ï¥L¦b¨ºùØ¥u¬O¤@­Ó¤ëªº®É¶¡¡A¥L­Y­n¦Û­¹¨ä¤Oªº¸Ü¡A«KÁÙ±o¿Ë¤â§@¤u¡C¡]¤G¡^µÌ¥|16»¡«Où¦b©««°ªº®É­Ô¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤H´¿¡u¤@¦¸¨â¦¸ªº¡v¥´µo¤H¨Ñµ¹¥Lªº»Ý­n¡F¥Ñ©óµÌ¥ß¤ñ»P©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{¬Û¹j¤@¦Ê­ù¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤H¤£¤î¤@¦¸ªº¨ÑÀ³ªí¥Ü«Où¦b©««°ªº®É¶¡¤£¤î¤T¡B¥|­Ó¬P´Á¡C¥i¬OµÌ¥|16­ì¤å¨º¥y¸Üªº·N«ä¡A·¥¥i¯à¤£¬O¡u¤@¦¸¨â¦¸¡v¡A¦Ó¬O¡u¤£¶È¡]·í§ä¦b©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{ªº®É­Ô¡^¡A¦Ó¥B¤£¤î¤@¦¸¡]·í§Ú¦b§Oªº¦a¤è¡^¡v¡]¸Ô°Ñ¶¾¡G¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡v 480-482¡^¡F³o¼Ë¡A«Où¦b©««°ªº®É­Ô¡A¥u¦¬¨ìµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤Hªº¸ê§U¤@¦¸¡CCf. Morris II 17-18, over against Marxsen, Intorduction 33.

7 Cf. Neil xii; Marshall 5; F.W. Beare, IDB IV 622b-623a.

8 As in Beare, ibid. 623a.

9 Cf. Bruce II 1154; Marshall, Acts 278; esp. Malherbe, Paul 13-14.

10 Malherbe, Paul 12-18(esp. 17-18), cf. 33. ¦¹»¡ªº¤@­Ó±À½×¡A´N¬O­C®]¤]¬O¥H»s³y±b¹õ¬°·~ªº(cf. Hock, Social Context 33, 67).

11 ¡uÂô¶i¡v©Î¡u½Ä¶i¡v¡]·sĶ¡^¥u¬O¤@ºØ·NĶ¡F­ì¤åephiste{mi¦b¦¹ªº·N«ä¬O¡u§ðÀ»¡v('attack': BAGD 330 s.v.).¡u¦Ê©m¡v©Î¡u¥Á²³¡v¡]«ä°ª¡B·sĶ¡^­ì¤å¬° de{mos.©««°¬O­Ó¦Û¥Ñ«°¡A¦³¥¦¦Û¤vªº¬F©²¡A¦]¦¹³o¦r¥i¯à«ü¨É¦³¥ßªk¤Îµô§PÅvªº¥Á²³¶°·|(so, e.g., Bruce, Acts 326, Book of Acts 344; Marshall, Acts 278; NEB). Sherwin-White(Roman Society 96)»{¬°¡AµS¤Ó¤H¦p¦¹¼ö¯P¦a¹ï«Où©M¦è©Ô±Ä¨ú¦æ°Ê¡A¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°¥L­Ì¾å±o©««°ªº¦a¤è©x¤£¬Oª½±µ¨üù°¨¤ä°tªº¡C¥t¤@¨ÇÄÀ¸gªÌ«h»{¬°­ì¤å¨º­Ó¦r¥i¯à«ü¥Ñ¨º¨Ç¥«¤«±ÑÃþ©Û»E°_¨Óªº¡u¼É¥Á¡v¡]«ä°ª¡Fe.g. Lake, Earlier Epistle 69-70 n.1; Haenchen, Acts 507; NIV¡^.Harrison(Acts 262)¹ï¦¹°ÝÃD¤£§@¨M©w¡C

®{¤Q¤C1¡B4¡B5¡B10³£¨S¦³´£¨ì´£¼¯¤Ó¡A¦ý§Ú­Ì¤£¯à¦]¦¹»{¬°(cf. Schmithals, Paul 181)´£¼¯¤Ó¨S¦³¸ò«Où¤@¦P¨Ó¨ì©««°¡A¦]¬°:¡]¤@¡^®{¤Q¤C14·t¥Ü´£¼¯¤Ó»P¦è©Ô¡B«Où¤@¦P±q©««°¤U¨ì§È­ù¨È; ¡]¤G¡^¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤]¨S¦³©ú»¡´£¼¯¤Ó¸ò«Où¡B¦è©Ô¦P¨ìµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡]°Ñ¤Q¤»19¡B25¡B29¡^¡A¦ý´£¼¯¤ÓÅãµM¬O¸ò«Où¤@°_¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñªº¡]°ÑµÌ¤G22¡^¡C¥ç°Ñ¤@1aµùÄÀ²Ä¤­¬q¡C

12 anastatoo{ : cf. Bruce, 'Thessalonian Correspondence'345. §@ªÌ(346; Bruce xxiii, Men an Movements 72-73)«ü¥X¡A¦b­²¦Ñ¥á¥ôù°¨¬Ó«Ò´Á¶¡¡]41-54¦~¡^¡A¤£¦ý¦bµS¤Ó¡A¦Ó¥B¦b¾ã­Óù°¨«Ò°ê³\¦h«°¥«ªºµS¤Ó¤HªÀ¸s¤¤¡A³£½¯©µú¦¤@ºØ¦n¾ÔªºÀ±ÁɨȥD¸q('militant messianism')¡A¦]¦¹Ãø©Ç«Où¦b©««°¥ç³Q±±¬°¤@¦Wº´°Ê«q¶ÃªÌ¡C±q®{¤Q¤C6-7¬Ý¨Ó¡A©««°³o¨ÇµS¤Ó¤H¦ÛµM¤£¦b¨º¨Ç¦n¾ÔªºÀ±ÁɨȥD¸qªÌ¤§¦C : ¥L­Ì¹³¨º¨Ç¦b©¼©Ô¦h­±«e±±§i­C¿qªºµS¤Ó¤H¤@¼Ë¡A©Ó»{¡u°£¤F¸Ó¼»¡A§Ú­Ì¨S¦³¤ý¡v¡]¬ù¤Q¤E15¡^¡C

13 Sherwin-White, Roman Society 96(cf. 103).

14 E.A. Judge, 'The Decrees of Caesar at Thessalonica', RTR 30(1970) 1-7, ascited in Bruce xxiii-xxiv and in Marshall, Acts 279.

15 Cf. Sherwin-White, Roman Society 96.

16 As in Bruce xxv; Marshall, Acts 280.

17 Cf. Sherwin-White, Roman Society 95-96.

18 Cf. Marshall 6, Acts 281.

19 Cf. Bruce xxvii; Romans 247.

 

¸v¡@¼g§@ªº­ì¦]©M¥Øªº

«Où³Q¹GÂ÷¶}©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{©M§È­ù¨È¤§«á¡A«K¤U¨ì¶®¨å¡Aµ¥­Ô¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó¨ì¨ºùظò¥L·|¦X¡]®{¤Q¤C6-10¡^¡C¤T¤H¦b¶®¨å·|¦X«á¡A«Où¼x±o¦è©Ô¦P·N¡A¥´µo´£¼¯¤Ó¦^©««°¥h±´±æ©«¤H¡A­nª¾¹D¥L­Ìªº´ºªp¡A¨Ã¥B¾d©T¥L­Ìªº«H¤ß¡]©««e¤T1-5¡^¡C´£¼¯¤Ó±NÃö©ó©«¤Hªº¡u«H¤ß©M·R¤ßªº¦n®ø®§¡v±a¤F¦^¨Ó¡A³o¨Ï«Où¤j±o¦w¼¢©M¹ª»R¡A¦]¦¹¥L¥ß§Y¼g«H¡A¦V©«¤Hªí¹F¥L¤ß¤¤ªº³ß¼Ö©M¹ï¯«ªº·PÁ¡]¤T6-10¡^¡A³o¬O«Où¼g©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñªº²Ä¤@­Ó­ì¦]¡C¥L¦b«H¤W¤£¤î¤@¦¸ªº¬°ú¦©«¤H¹ïºÖ­µªº¿n·¥¦^À³¥H¤Î¥L­Ì¨Î¬üªº¥Í¬¡¨£ÃÒ¦V¯«·P®¦¡]¤@2-10¡A¤G13-14¡^¡C»P¦¹¦P®É¡A¥L¤]°w¹ïú¦¥L­ÌÄ~Äò¾D¨ü¹G­¢ªº¨Æ¹ê¥[¥H¸ÑÄÀ©M¹ªÀy¥L­Ì¡]¤G15-16¡^¡C

¥t¤@­Ó­«­nªº¼g§@­ì¦]¡A´N¬O¦³¤H¹ï«Où¤Î¦P¤u¡]¤×¨ä¬O¹ï«Où¡^¶i¦æ½ÚÁ½¡G¥L­Ì«ü«Où¤@¥h¤£ªðªí¥Ü¥L¨Ã¤£·R©«¤H¡A¨Ã¥BÁà¤Æ¥L©M¦P¤u¦b©««°¶Ç¹Dªº°Ê¾÷©Mªí²{¡A»¡¥L­Ì¸ò¤@¨Ç²§±Ðªº¨µ°j«Å±Ð¤h¨ÃµL¤À§O¡]¸Ô°Ñ¤G1-12µùÄÀ¤Þ¨¥¡^¡C«Oùı±o¥²¶·¹ï³o¨Ç«ü±±´£¥XµªÅG¡A¥H§K©«¤H¹ï¥L©M¦P¤uªº«~®æ©M°Ê¾÷²£¥ÍÃhºÃ¡A±q¦Ó¹ï¥L­Ì©Ò¶ÇªººÖ­µ¥¢¥h«H¤ß¡]¤G1-12¡A¤G17¦Ü¤T5¡^¡C

´£¼¯¤Óªº³ø§i¡A¤£¦ý´£¨ì©«¤Hªº«H¤ß©M·R¤ß¡A¤]´£¤Î¤@¨Ç¤Þ°_«OùÃöª`ªº¨Æ±¡¡A¦]¦¹¥L¦b«H¤Wµo¥X¤@³s¦êªºÄU«j¡G¹ï¨º¨Ç±q²§±Ðªº­I´ºÂk¦V°ò·þ±Ðªº«H®{¡A«Où­«¥Ó«ù¦u±æ¼ä¥Í¬¡¡]¯S§O¬O¦b©Ê¤è­±¡^ªº­«­n¡]¥|3-8¡^¡F¦³¨Ç«H®{¦]»~¸Ñ¤ÎÀݥΤF¡u§Ì¥S¬Û·R¡vªº¹D²z¦Ó¦¨¬°±H¥ÍÂΡA«OùÄU«j¥L­Ì­n¦wÀR§@¤u¡A¦Û­¹¨ä¤O¡]¥|9-12¡^¡F¤S¦³«H®{¬°¤w¦ºªº¿Ë¤Í«s¶Ë¡A¦]¥L­Ì¤£©ú¥Õ¤w¦ºªº«H®{¸ò¥Dªº¦A¨ÓªºÃö«Y¡A»~¥H¬°¦b¥D¨Ó«e¥h¥@ªº«H®{¬O¦b±Ï®¦¤WµL¥÷ªº¡A«Où´N¦¹°ÝÃD¹ï¥L­Ì¥[¥H±Ð¾É©M¦w¼¢¡]¥|13-18¡^¡A¨ÃÄU«j¥L­Ì±`§@·Ç³Æ¡Aªï±µ¥Dªº¦A¨Ó¡]¤­1-11¡^¡F¥L­Ì¤]­nºÉ¦U¼Ëªº°ò·þ®{¥»¥÷¡]¤­12-18¡^¡F©«¤H¦bÄÝÆF®¦½çªº°ÝÃD¤W¥X²{¤F¤£©M¿Óªº²{¶H¡A«Où°w¹ï¦¹¨Æ´£¨Ñ¥¿½TªººA«×©M³B²z¤èªk¡]¤­19-22¡^¡C³o¨ÇÄU«j¥Nªí¤F«Où¼g«Hªº²Ä¤T¤è­±ªº­ì¦]©M¥Øªº¡C

«Où¬è¨D¥L¯à¦^¨ì©««°±´±æ©«¤H¡]¤T10-11¡^¡A¦ý¦b³o­ÓÄ@±æ±o¥H¹ê²{¤§«e¡A°£¤F¬°¥L­Ìë§i¥~¡]¤T12¡A¤­23¡^¡A³o«Ê«H¡]¤×¨äÄU«j³¡¥÷¡^´N¬O¥L¡u¸Éº¡¡e¥L¡f­Ì«H¤ßªº¤£¨¬¡v¡]¤T10¡^ªº¤@­Ó¤èªk¡C

 

¥î¡@¼g§@ªº¦aÂI©M®É¶¡

«Où¦b¶®¨å®É¡A´¿¥´µo´£¼¯¤Ó¦^©««°¥h¡]©««e¤T1-2¡^¡A¥L¤U¨ì­ôªL¦h«á¡A´£¼¯¤Ó±q°¨¨ä¹y¦^¨Ó¸ò¥L·|¦X¡]®{¤Q¤K1¡B5¡^¡C©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñªº»y½ÕÅã¥Ü¡]°Ñ¤G17-¤T11¡^¡A«Où¦b´£¼¯¤Ó¨Ó¨ì­ôªL¦h«á¤£¤[«K¼g¤F¦¹«H¡]¤T6¡^¡C¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó©ó¨÷­º»P«OùÁp¦W¥X²{¡A¦¹ÂI¥ç¬O¤ä«ù¦¹«H¼g©ó­ôªL¦hªºµ²½×¡A¦]¬°«ö¨Ï®{¦æ¶Çªº°O¸ü¡A±q«OùÂ÷¶}©««°¡]¤Q¤C10¡^¨ì¥L­«³X§Æþ¡]­ôªL¦h¡G¤G¤Q1-2¡^³o¾ã¬q®É¶¡¤º¡A«Où¡B¦è©Ô¡B´£¼¯¤Ó¤T¤H¤@°_¦b¤@­Ó¦a¤è¡A¥u¦³¥L­Ì¦b­ôªL¦hªº®É­Ô¡F­ôªL¦h«á®Ñ¤@³¹¤Q¤E¸`ÃÒ¹ê¥L­Ì¤T¤H´¿¦b­ôªL¦h¦P¤u¡C¦]¦¹§Ú­Ì¥i¥HªÖ©wªº¤Uµ²½×»¡¡A©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¬O«Où¦b­ôªL¦h¶Ç¹Dªºªì´Á¼gªº¡C

¦¹«Hªº¼g§@¤é´ÁÁÙ¥i¥H¶i¤@¨B¥[¥H½T©w¡C«Où¦b­ôªL¦h®É´¿³QµS¤Ó¤H©Ô¨ì¬Ùªø¡]·sĶ¡^©ÎÁ`·þ¡]«ä°ª¡B²{¤¤¡^­±«e±±§i¥L¡]®{¤Q¤K12¡^¡C¥»¥@¬ö¦Ò¥j¾Ç®a¦b§Æþªº¯S¦Õµá«°µo²{¤F¤@¥÷¥Û¨è¤å¦r¡A¥¦¬O­²¦Ñ¥á­P¯S¦Õµáªº¤@¥÷¤å§iªº¤ù¬q¡A1ùØ­±´£¨ì­{¬y¬O¨È¸Ó¨Èªº¬Ùªø¡C¤å§iÅã¥Ü¡A·í®É¬O­²¦Ñ¥á§@¤ýªº²Ä¤Q¤G¦~¡]¥L©ó¥D«á41¦~¤@¤ë¤Ü¤­¤éµn°ò¡^¡A¦b¥L²Ä¤G¤Q¤»¦¸³Q«Å§G¡B³Q¾ÖÀ¹¬°¤ý¤§«á¡F±q§Oªº»Ê¨è¤å¦r¥iª¾¡A­²¦Ñ¥á²Ä¤G¤Q¤G¡B¤G¤Q¤T¤Î¤G¤Q¥|¦¸³Q«Å§G¡B³Q¾ÖÀ¹¬°¤ý¡A¬O¦b¥L§@¤ý²Ä¤Q¤@¦~¡A²Ä¤G¤Q¤C¦¸¬O¦b¥L§@¤ý²Ä¤Q¤G¦~¡]¤£¿ð©ó¤K¤ë¤@¤é¡^¡A¦]¦¹¡A²Ä¤G¤Q¤»¦¸­Y¤£¬O¦b¥L§@¤ý²Ä¤Q¤@¦~ªº¥½´Á¡]³o¼Ë¡A¥L¦b¨º¦~«K¦³¤­¦¸³Q«Å§G¡B³Q¾ÖÀ¹¬°¤ý¡^¡A«K¬O¦b²Ä¤Q¤G¦~ªºÀY¤C­Ó¤ë¤º¡]§Y¬O¥D«á52¦~¤@¤ë¤Ü¤­¤é¦Ü¤K¤ë¤@¤é¤§¶¡¡^¡C«á­±³o­Ó¤é´Á¸û¬°¥i¨ú¡A¦Ó¯S¦Õµáªº¥Û¨è´N¬OÄÝ©ó³o®É´Áªº§@«~¡C

¨È¸Ó¨È¬O¥Ñ¤¸¦Ñ°|ºÞÁÒªº¬Ù¥÷¡]¦³§O©óª½Áõù°¨¬Ó«Òªº¬Ù¥÷¡A°Ñ¶¾¡G¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡v 54¡^¡A¤¸¦Ñ°|©e¥ôªº¬Ùªø¬O¦b®L¤Ñ¡]¤»¤C¤ë¶¡¡^¤W¥ôªº¡C¡]¤@¡^­Õ­Y¤å§i¤¤ªº­{¬y¬O·í®Éªº¬Ùªø¡A¥L«K³Ì¿ð¬O©ó52¦~¤C¤ë¤W¥ôªº¡A­Y¬O³o¼Ë¡A­²¦Ñ¥á³B²z¤F¯S¦Õµáªº¨Æ¥ó¡B¥Lªº¤å§i³Q°O¿ý¡]»Ê¨è¡^¤U¨Ó¡B¥L²Ä¤G¤Q¤C¦¸³Q¾ÖÀ¹¬°¤ý¡A«K¥þ³¡µo¥Í¦b¤@¨â­Ó¤ëùØ­±¡FÁöµM³o¤£¬Oµ´¤£¥i¯àªº¨Æ¡A¦ý¸û¥i¯àªº¬O­{¬y¬O¦­¤@¦~¡A§Y¬O51¦~¤»¤C¤ë¶¡¡A¥X¥ô¨È¸Ó¨È¬Ùªøªº¡CµS¤Ó¤H¦b­{¬y­±«e±±§i«Où¡A¬O¦b¥L¨ì¥ô«á¤£¤[¡A¨º¥i¯à¬O«Où¦b­ôªL¦h¾ú®É¤Q¤K­Ó¤ë¤§¨Æ©^ªº«á´Á¡]®{¤Q¤K11¡^¡A³Q±±«á¥L¤S¡u¦í¤F¦h¤é¡v¡]¤Q¤K18¡^¤~Â÷¶}­ôªL¦h¡F¥Ñ¦¹±À½×¡A«Où¦b­ôªL¦hªº¤Q¤K­Ó¤ë¥i¯à¬O±q50¦Ü52©Î¬O¡]¸û¤£¥i¯à¡^±q51¦Ü53¦~¶¡¡A¦Ó©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñªº¼g§@¤é´Á´N¬ÛÀ³¦a¬O¥D«á50¦~©Î¡]¸û¤£¥i¯à¡^51¦~¡C2

¡]¤G¡^¦ý­Y¤å§i¤Wªº­{¬y¨Ã«D·í®Éªº¬Ùªø¡A¦Ó¬O¨ø¥ô¤£¤[ªº¬Ùªø¡A¨º»ò¥L«K¤£¥i¯à¿ð¹L51¦~ªº¤»¤C¤ë¶¡¤W¥ô¡A¬Æ©Î¦­©ó\cs1650¦~¤»¤C¤ë¶¡¨Ï¤w¤W¥ô¡C­Y¬O³o¼Ë¡A©««eªº¼g§@¤é´Á«K¤£¯à¿ð¹L50¦~ªº«á´Á¡C3

µL½×¦p¦ó¡A©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¬O²{¤µ¤´¦sªº«Où®Ñ«H¤¤³Ì¦­ªº®Ñ¨÷¤§¤@¢w¢w¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¤£¤Ö¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¥¦¬O³Ì¦­ªº¤@¨÷¡F¤£¹Lµ§ªÌÃÙ¦P¥t¤@­Ó¬Ýªk¡A»{¬°¥[©Ô¤Ó®Ñ¤~¬O³Ì¦­ªº¡A4©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ«h¦b®É¶¡ªº¥ý«á¤W±Æ¦æ²Ä¤G¡C

¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¦³¤Ö¼Æ¾ÇªÌ»{¬°©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¬O«Où²Ä¤T¦¸«Å±Ð®Èµ{¤W¦b¥H¥±©Ò¼gªº¡C¥L­Ì©Ò¥Îªº¥D­n½×¾Ú¦p¤U¡G5

¡]¤@¡^©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¤T³¹¤@¸`¸ò¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤Q¤C³¹¤Q¥|¦Ü¤Q¤­¸`¡A¤Q¤K³¹¤­¸`ªº°O¸ü¤£¬Û¨ó½Õ¡C

¡]¤G¡^«Où¥´µo´£¼¯¤Ó¦^©««°¤§«e¡A¦Û¤v¤w¦n´X¦¸³]ªk¦^¥h¡]©««e¤G17-18¡^¡A¦ý¥L¦b¶®¨å¥u³r¯d¤F«Üµuªº®É¶¡¡A¤£¨¬¥H®e¯Ç¨º¨Ç­p¹º¡C¡u¥u¬O¼»¦ýªý¾×¤F§Ú­Ì¡v³o¥y¸Ü¡A¥u¦³¦b²Ä¤T¦¸®Èµ{®É¤~Åܱo¥i²z¸Ñªº¡]°ÑªL«e¥|19¡A¤Q¤»5-9¡FªL«á¤@15¤Î¤U¤å¡^¡C

¡]¤T¡^©«¤H«H¥Dªº®ø®§¤w¦b¡u¦U³B¡v¶Ç¶}¡A¥L­Ì¦V¡u¥þ°¨¨ä¹y¡vªº§Ì¥SÅã¥X·R¤ß¡]©««e¤@8-9¡A¥|10¡^¡A³o¨Ç¨Æ¦b«Oùªì¦¸³X­ôªL¦h®É¬OÃø¥H·Q¹³ªº¡]¦]¥¼¦³¨¬°÷®É¶¡Åý³o¨Ç¨Æµo¥Í¡^¡C

¡]¥|¡^±Ð·|¦¨¥ß«á¼Æ¤ë¤º¤w¦³¦h¤H¥h¥@¡A¥H­P¤Þ°_©««e¥|³¹¤Q¤T¦Ü¤Q¤K¸`©Ò¤Ï¬Mªº°ÝÃD¡A³o¬O­È±oÃhºÃªº¡C

»P¦¹¦P®É¡A¤ä«ù¦¹¬Ýªkªº¤@¦ì¾ÇªÌ¥ç©Ó»{¦³¥H¤Uªº§xÃø¡A¤£¹L¥L¦P®É´£¥XµªÅG¡G6

¡]¤­¡^©««e¤@³¹¨º¨ÇÃö©ó«Oùªì¨ì©««°ªº¡u·sÂAªº¦^¾Ð¡v¤£²Å¦X¸û¿ðªº¼g§@¤é´Á¡C¢w¢w¤£¹L¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¥|³¹¤Q¤­¸`¦ó¹Á¤£¬O·sÂA¦^¾Ð¡A¦ýµÌ¥ß¤ñ®ÑÅãµM¤£¬O¼g©ó²Ä¤G¦¸«Å±Ð®Èµ{¤Wªº¡C¦Ó¥B¡A¡u¼È®É¡v¡]©««e¤G17¡F°ÑªL«á¤C8¡F¥[¤G5¡Fªù15¡F¬ù¤­35¡^¨ÃµLªí¥Ü¨Æ¹ê¬O¦h¤[¡C

¡]¤»¡^¦è©Ô©M´£¼¯¤Ó©ó©««eªº¨÷­º»P«OùÁp¦W¥X²{¡A¥L­Ì¤G¤H¬O«Où²Ä¤G¦¸«Å±Ð®Èµ{ªº¥ë¦ñ¡A¦ý¦è©Ô¦b¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤Q¤K³¹¤­¸`«á«K¤£¦A¥X²{¡A´«¨¥¤§¡A¸ô¥[¦b³ø¾É²Ä¤T¦¸®Èµ{®É¨ÃµL´£¤Î¦è©Ô¡C¢w¢w¤£¹L¡A³o¨Ã¤£ªí¥Ü¦è©Ô¤w¥h¥@©Î©ñ±ó¤F«Å±Ð¤hªº¤u§@¡]°Ñ©¼«e¤­12¡^¡A¥L¥i¯à¦b«Oùªº«Å±Ð¨Æ¤u¤W¤´¦û¤@®u¦ì¡C

¡]¤C¡^«Où¤£¤j¥i¯à«á¨Ó¦A¨ì¶®¨å¡C¢w¢w¤£¹L¡A¨Ó©¹¥H¥±©Ò»P¨È¸Ó¨È¤§¶¡ªº²î¥²¶·¸g¹L¶®¨å¡A¥B¥²±`¦b¸Ó³Bªy©¤¡F«Où¼g­ôªL¦h«e®Ñ©M«á®Ñ¤§¶¡´¿±q¥H¥±©Ò©¹­ôªL¦h¡]§Y©Ò¿×ªº¡uµh­W¤§³X°Ý¡v¡G°ÑªL«á¤G1¡A¤Q¤G14¡A¤Q¤T1-2¡^¡A¥L¦b³~¤¤¸g¹L¶®¨å¡A©««e¤T³¹¤@¸`¤Ï¬Mªº´N¬O³o­Ó±¡ªp¡C®Ú¾Ú©««e¤T³¹¤@¦Ü¤­¸`¡A«Où®t´£¼¯¤Ó©¹©««°¡A¬O¦]¥L®£©È¨º¨ÇÁ{¨ì¥L¡]«Où¡^¨­¤Wªº±wÃø·|¤Þ­P©«¤H­I¹D¡A¨º¨Ç±wÃø¥]¬A¥Lªº¨Ï®{Åv¬`¾D¨ü§ðÀ»¡F¦P¼Ëªº§ðÀ»¥¿¬O¤Þ­P«Où¨º¦¸¡uµh­W¤§³X°Ý¡vªº­ì¦]¡C

³Ì«á¡A¡]¤K¡^³o¦ì¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¥H¤Uªº¨Æ¹êÃÒ©ú©««e¬O¼g©ó²Ä¤T¦¸®Èµ{ªº¡G«Où¥´µo´£¼¯¤Ó©¹©««°®É¡A¤wÅ¥¨ì«H®{¥¿¾D¨ü±wÃø¡]©««e¤T2-3¡^¡A¦Ó¥B¤@³¹¤C¦Ü¤E¸`Åã¥Ü¡A«Où¤£Â_±q¤£¦Pªº¤HÀò±oÃö©ó©«¤Hªº³ø§i¡C³oºØ±¡§Î¤£¥i¯à¦b¥LÂ÷¶}©««°¤Îªì¦¸³X­ôªL¦h¤§¶¡µo¥Í¡C7

¤W­z¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ù©««e¼g©ó«Où²Ä¤T¦¸«Å±Ð®Èµ{ªº½×¾Ú¡A¨ä¹ê¯Ê¥F»¡ªA¤O¡A¯Y³vÂI¨Ì¦¸¦^À³¦p¤U¡G8¡]¤@¡^¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç©M©««e¬O©¼¦¹¿W¥ßªº§@«~¡A¨âªÌ¹ï¦³Ãö¨Æ¥ó©Ò´£¨Ñªº¸ê®Æ³£¤£§¹¥þ¡A¦ý¨Ã¤£¤¬¬Û¥Ù¬Þ¡A¨Æ¹ê¤W¥i«÷¦X¬°¤@´T§¹¾ãªº¹Ïµe¡A¦p¥»¸`­º¬q©Ò§@ªº¡C¡]¤G¡^§Ú­Ì¤£½Tª¾«Où¦b¶®¨å³r¯d¤F¦h¤[¡A¦ý§Y¨Ï¥u¬O¼Æ¬P´Á¡A«Où¦b¦¹´Á¶¡¦h¦¸³]ªk¦^©««°¥h¡A¨Ã«D¤£¥i¯àªº¨Æ¡C§Ú­Ì¤]µL±qª¾¹D¡u¼»¦ýªý¾×¤F§Ú­Ì¡v¬O¬Æ»ò·N«ä¡A¦]¦¹¤£¯à»¡³o¥y¸Ü¦b²Ä¤G¦¸®Èµ{®É¬O¤£¥i²z¸Ñªº¡F¬Û¤Ïªº¡A­Y©««e¬O«OùÂ÷¶}©««°¼Æ¦~«á¤~¼gªº¡A§Ú­Ì«K­n°²©w¡A¦b¦¹´Á¶¡¤@³s¦ê¦^©««°ªº¾÷·|³£¤@¤@¦]¼»¦ýªºÄdªý¦Ó¸¨ªÅ¤F¡C¡]¤T¡^³o¨Ç¨Æ¨Ã¤£»Ý­n«Üªøªº®É¶¡¤~¯àµo¥Í¡A¤×¨ä¦]¬°©Ò¤Þªº¨â¥y¸Ü³£¥i¯à¦³¸Ø±iªº¦¨¥÷¡]°Ñ¸Ó¤G¸`µùÄÀ¡^¡C¡]¥|¡^¨â¤T­Ó¤ë¤º¦³¨â¤T­Ó¤H¥h¥@¬O«D±`¥i¯àªº¨Æ¡Fªp¥B¡A§Y¨Ï¥u¦³¤@­Ó¤H¥h¥@¡A¤]·|¤Þ°_©««e¥|³¹©Ò¤Ï¬Mªº¨º­Ó°ÝÃD¡C¡]¤­¡^¨º¨Ç¥Í°Êªº¾Ð­z¤£¦ý·sÂA¡A¦Ó¥B¦b©««e­º¤G³¹¦û¤F¤j³¡¥÷ªº½g´T¡A¦]¦¹¸û¥i¯à¤Ï¬M¨Æµo«á¤£¤[ªº®É¶¡¡A¹L©ó«Ü¤[¤§«á¡C¤G³¹¤Q¤C¸`ªº¡u¼È®É¡v¦b­ì¤å¸ò¥t¥~¨º¥|¸`©Ò¥Îªº²¤¬°¤£¦P¡A¯S§O±j½Õ¨º¬O«Üµuªº®É¶¡¡]¨£¤G17µùÄÀ¡^¡C¡]¤»¡^¦¹ÂI§¹¥þ¨S¦³»¡ªA¤O¡C´NÃҾکҤΡA¦è©Ô¨Ã¨S¦³¦b«Oùªº²Ä¤T¦¸®Èµ{¤¤¥X²{¡A«oªÖ©w¦b²Ä¤G¦¸®Èµ{¤W»P«Où¦P¤u¡C©Úµ´ªÖ©wªºÃÒ¾Ú¡A¤Ï¦Ó±À´ú¦è©Ô¥i¯à´¿©ó²Ä¤T¦¸®Èµ{¤¤¸ò«Où·|¦X¡A¬O¤£Ã­§´ªºÅGÃÒªk¡C¡]¤C¡^¦¹ÂI²Ä¤@³¡¥÷¸ò¤W¤@ÂI¦³¦P¼Ëªº§xÃø¡C±N©««e¤T³¹¡u§Ú­Ì¡vªº±wÃø¡]3¡B4¸`¡^¬Ý¬°Á{¨ì«Où¨­¤W¡B¹ï¥Lªº¨Ï®{Åv¬`ªº§ðÀ»¡A¤£¬O³Ì¦ÛµMªº¸ÑÄÀ¡F¤£³o¼Ë¸ÑÄÀ¡A«K¨S¦³²z¥Ñ±N¥»¬q¸ò«Où¡uµh­W¤§­ôªL¦h³X°Ý¡v©Ô¤WÃö«Y¡C¡]¤K¡^©««e¤T³¹¤G¦Ü¤T¸`¨S¦³©ú»¡«Où¤wÅ¥¨ì©«¤H¨ü±wÃøªº®ø®§¡F²Ä¤T¸`©Ò»¡ªº±wÃø¥]¬A«Où©M©«¤H¦b©««°¤@¦P¸g¾úªº±wÃø¡]¨£¸Ó³BµùÄÀ¡^¡A¦]¦¹¤£¬O«OùÂ÷¶}©««°«á¤~µo¥Íªº¨Æ¡A¤]¤£¬O¬Æ»ò·s®ø®§¡C¥Ñ©ó©««°©M«Où¼g«H®Éªº©Ò¦b¦a­ôªL¦h³£¬O¤H¤f¸Y±K¡B¥æ³q¤è«Kªº«°É]¡A©««e¤@³¹¤C¦Ü¤E¸`©Ò¤Ï¬Mªº±¡§Î¬O¤£Ãø²z¸Ñªº¡]¨£µùÄÀ¡^¡C

°ò©ó¤W­zªº°Q½×¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H­«¥Ó§Ú­ÌªÖ©wªºµ²½×¡G©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¬O«Où²Ä¤G¦¸«Å±Ð®Èµ{¤¤¦b­ôªL¦h¼gªº¡C9

 

1 For the Gallio inscription at Delphi, see Barrett, New Testament Background 48-49. Cf. Rigaux, Letters 69-71.

2 Cf.; e.g. Harrison, Introduction 264(A.D. 50); Morris II 26; Robinson, Redating 53(early 50); Bruce xxxv, cf. xxi(late 50); Guthrie, Introduction 566-567(early 51).

3 Bruce xxxv; cf. B. Schwank, as reported in NTA¡±16(1971-72)-642.

4 Cf. Fung, Galatians 9-28; ¶¾¡G¡u¯u²z¡v 125-150¡C

5 Schmithals, Paul 183-186, With reference to W. Michaelis.

6 Schmithals, Paul 186-189. Ãö©ó¤U­±²Ä¡]¤C¡^ÂI¹ï¤T3-4¡u±wÃø¡v¤@µüªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A¸Ô¨£¦P®Ñ177-179¡C

7 ¦P¤W¡A190-191¡CJ.C. Hurd(IDBS 900b)¤]¬O»{¬°©««eªº¤ºÃÒªí¥Ü¡A«Où¼g«H®É»P«Ø¥ß±Ð·|®É¬Û¹j¤w¦³¼Æ¦~¡C

8 Cf. Marshall 21-22; Best 10-11; Ku/mmel, Introduction 257-260.

9 ¥t¤@»¡¿×©««e¼g©ó¥D«e46¦~¡A¦ý¦¹»¡¤]¬O¤£¯à¦¨¥ß¡F¸Ô°ÑBest 11-13.

 

³°¡@©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñªº§¹¾ã©Ê

¤W¤å²Ä¸v¡B¥î¨â¸`¡]¼g§@ªº­ì¦]©M¥Øªº¡B¦aÂI©M®É¶¡¡^ªº°Q½×¡A³£¬O°ò©ó©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¬°¤@«Ê§¹¾ãªº®Ñ«H¦¹¤@°²³]¡C¦¹°²³]¨ü¨ì¤Ö³¡¥÷¾ÇªÌ½èºÃ¡A¥L­Ìªº²z½×¤j­P¤W¥i¤À¬°¤TºØ¡A¯Y¤À§O°Q½×¦p¤U¡G

¤@¡B¦³ÄÀ¸gªÌ»{¬°«H¤W¦³¤@¨â¬q¬O«Où¤§«á¦³¤H¥[¤W¥hªº¡A¦³Ãöªº¸g¤å¬O¤G³¹¤Q¤T¦Ü¤Q¤»¸`©M¤­³¹¤@¦Ü¤Q¤@¸`¡CÃö©ó¤G³¹¨º¬q¡A½Ð°Ñ¸Ó¬qµùÄÀ¤Þ¨¥¡CÃö©ó¤­³¹¨º¬q¡A¦¹»¡³Ì¥D­nªº½×¾Ú¬O»{¬°¸Ó¬q¸ò¥|³¹¤Q¤T¦Ü¤Q¤K¸`¦b¤º®e¤è­±¦³¤¬¬Û©èIJ¤§³B¡G«á¤@¬q¡]¤­³¹¡^©Ò³B²zªº°ÝÃD¡A¬O¦³¤H­±¹ï¥Dªº¦A¨ÓÃhú¦¤@ºØ¿ù»~ªº¦w¥þ·P¡A³o¸ò«e¤@¬q¡]¥|³¹¡^©Ò¤Ï¬Mªº®£Äߤj¤£¬Û¦P¡F¦b«e¤@¬q¡AŪªÌ¹w´Á¥D·|«Ü§Ö¦A¨Ó¡A¦ý¦b«á¤@¬q¦¹¬ß±æ¤w§i·Ï¨S¡A¨ä­«ÂI¤£¦A¬O¦b¥D¦A¨Óªº¹Gªñ¡A¦Ó¬O¦b©ó¥D¦A¨Óªº¬ðµM©M¥X¥G·N®Æ¤§¥~¡F«e¤@¬qº¡¤F¦w¼¢ªº¸Ü¡A«á¤@¬q¨¹¬Oº¡¤Fĵ§iªº¸Ü¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦¹»¡»{¬°¬O«á¤@¬qªº§@ªÌ§â¸Ó¬q¥[¦b«H¤W¡A¬°­n§ï¥¿«Où»{¬°¥Dªº¦A¨Ó¤w¹Gªñ¬Ü·û¦¹¤@¬Ýªk¡A¨Ã¥B³B²z¥D¨Óªº¿ð©µ©Ò¤Þ°_ªº°ÝÃD¡C

²Ó¹î¤§¤U¡A³o¨Ç½×¾Ú¯Ê¥F»¡ªA¤O¡G«Où¤@­±³B²z¦³¨ÇŪªÌ¦]¤w¦ºªº«H®{¡]¤£¬O¦]¥D¦A¨Óªº¿ð©µ¡^¦Ó¤Þ°_ªº±¾¼{¡A¥t¤@­±±j½Õ¥Dªº¦A¨Ó¬O¦b¤H·Q¤£¨ìªº®É­Ô¡A¦¹¤GªÌ¨Ã¤£¤¬¬Û½Ä¬ð¡F«á¤@¬q©Ò¤Ï¬Mªº¿ù»~¦w¥þ·P¬OÄÝ¥@¤Hªº¡A¦Ó«Où¦b¸Ó¬q¥¿¬O­n´£¿ô«H®{¤£­n¹³¥@¤H¨º¼Ë¡F±N¥D¦A¨Óªº¹Gªñ©M¥D¦A¨Óªº¬ðµM¦¹¤GªÌ¤À¶}¡A¦n¹³«áªÌ¬O¸û«á´Áªºµo®i¦üªº¡A³o¬Ýªk¬O¿ù»~ªº¡F¤­³¹¤Q¸`¡u¥s§Ú­ÌµL½×¿ôú¦¡BºÎú¦¡v¨º¥y¸Üªº¥Î·N¡A¬O­n¥]¬A¥|³¹¤Q¤T¦Ü¤Q¤K¸`¨º¨Ç¤w¦ºªº«H®{¡A¥H¤ÎŪªÌ¤¤¨º¨Ç¥i¯à¦b¥D¦A¨Ó®É¤´¬¡ú¦ªº«H®{¡A¤£¬O¬°­n§ï¥¿ÅªªÌ¥i¯à±q¥|³¹¤Q¤­¸`±o¨ìªº¿ù»~¦L¶H¡]§Y¬O¥H¬°«Où¹w´Á¦Û¤v·|¬¡¨ì¥Dªº¦A¨Ó¡C1

¤G¡B¥t¤@­Ó²z½×»¡¡A©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ§t¦³¤@³s¦êªºÃB¥~¼W²K³¡¥÷¡]¤@2-¤G16¡A¤T12-¥|8¡A¤­23-27¡A¬Ý¨ÓÁÙ¦³¤­14-15¡^¡F¦b«Où¤§«á¦³¤H§â³o¨Ç¸ê®Æ©M¨ú¦Û¤@«Ê¯u¥¿ªº«Où®Ñ«Hªº¸ê®Æ¦X¨Ö°_¨Ó¡Aºc¦¨¤@«Ê¤À¬°¨â³¡¥÷ªº®Ñ«H¡A¦b¨ä¤¤«OùÅ㬰±Ð·|ªºº]¼Ë¡A±Ð·|«h³Q­n¨D¹L¸t¼äªº¥Í¬¡¤Î«ù¦u¨Ï®{ªº¶Ç²Î¡C­Ò¦¹»¡ªº¾ÇªÌ´£¥X¤U¦Cªº½×¾Ú¡G¡]¤@¡^¤T³¹¤Q¤T¸`©M¤­³¹¤G¤Q¤T¸`¥Î¡u¨Ó¡v/¡u­°Á{¡v¡]­ì¤å¬°¦P¤@­Ó¦r¡^¡A¦ý«öµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤@³¹¤»¸`¡B¤Q¸`¤Î­ôªL¦h«e®Ñ¤@³¹¤K¸`ªº»¡ªkÃþ±À¡A©««e³o¨â¸`À³¸Ó¥Î¡u¤é¤l¡v¤@¦r¤~¹ï¡C¤S­ì¤å¡u¦b¡K¡K­±«e¡v¡]¤G19¡A¤T13¡^³o­Ó¤¶µüÀ³¸Ó¥Î¥t¤@­Ó¦r¡C2¡]¤G¡^¤@³¹¤E¡B¤Q¸`¡A¤T³¹¤Q¤G¡B¤Q¤T¸`¤Î¤­³¹¤G¤Q¤T¸`§â±Ï®¦´y¼g¬°§¹¥þÄݱN¨Óªº¨Æ¡A¨ÃµL´£¤Î¡u¤w¸g¡]¦¨´N¡^¡vªº¤@­±¡]¤­1-11«h½T¦³´£¤Î³o¤@­±¡^¡C¦¹¥~¡A§@ªÌ¨S¦³ºÙŪªÌ¬°¡u¸t®{¡v¡F¸tÆF¥u¬O«H®{¦¨¸tªº¤@ºØ§U¤O¡A¦Ó¤£¬O½çµ¹«H®{ªº¤@¥÷¥½¥@©ÊªºÂ§ª«¡F°Êµü¡u¥l¡v¦r©Ò«üªº¡A¨Ã¤£¬O¯«¨Ï¤HÂk¥Dªº¨º¦³®Äªº©I¥l¡A¦Ó¥u¬O­n¤H©¾¤ßªA¨ÆÍ¢ªº©I¥l¡C´«¨¥¤§¡A«Où¨º¡u¥½¥@©Êªº±Ï®¦¦p¤µ¤w¹ê²{¡vªºÆ[©À¤£¨£¥X²{¡C¡]¤T¡^«H¤W©ÒÅã¥Üªº¡B¹D»P«H¤ß¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡AÃҹꦹ«H¸ò«Où¨ä¥Lªº®Ñ«H¦³§O¡G§@ªÌ©ÒÃöª`ªº¬O¹D¦b¨Ï®{¤Î¥L©Ò±a»âÂk¥Dªº¤H¨­¤W©Ò²£¥ÍªºªG®Ä¡]ŪªÌ®Äªk¨Ï®{ªº¦æ¨Æ¬°¤H¡^¡A¹L©ó¯«ªº¬@±Ï¦æ°Ê©M®¦½ç¡A¥H¤Î«H¤ßªº¤º²[¡C

¦¹»¡¦³¤U¦C§xÃø¡G¡]¤@¡^±N©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ³Î¤À¬°¤£¦P³¡¥÷³oºØ°µªk¤£¯à¥O¤H«HªA¡C¬JµM§@ªÌ©Ó»{«Où®Ñ«HºD¨£ªº¡u±Ï®¦¤w¸g¹ê²{¡vªºÆ[©À¥i¨£©ó¤­³¹¤@¦Ü¤Q¤@¸`¡A¨º»ò¥L¾Ì¬Æ»ò²z¥ÑÂ_©w¡A¨º¨ÃµL´£¤Î¦¹¥DÃDªº¡B®Ñ«Hªº¥t¤@³¡¥÷«K¤£¥i¯à¬O¥X¦Û¦P¤@¦ì§@ªÌªº¤âµ§¡H´«¨¥¤§¡A§@ªÌ¨S¦³¦Ò¼{¤@­Ó°ÝÃD¡A´N¬O¤@­Ó¸t¸g§@ªÌ¡]¦p«Où¡^­n¦b¦hªøªº½g´T¤º¥²¶·´£¤Î¥L¨å«¬ªº¯«¾ÇÃD¥Ø¡A¤~¥i¥H¨Ï¸Ó¬q¸g¤åÅ㬰¯u¥¿¬O¥Lªº§@«~¡H¡]¤G¡^¦¹»¡°²©w«Où¥²¶·±`±`¥Î¦P¼Ëªº¦r·J©M¤è¦¡¨Óªí¹F¦Û¤v¡F¦ý¥L¦³®É¥Î¡u¡]¦A¡^¨Ó¡v¡A¥t¤@¨Ç®É­Ô«h¥Î¡u¤é¤l¡v¡A³o¦³¦ó¤£¥i¡H¦Ü©ó¡u¦b¡K¡K­±«e¡v­ì¤å¨º­Ó¤¶µü¡A¥ç¥Î©ó­ôªL¦h«á®Ñ¤­³¹¤Q¸`¡]¦P¼Ë©ó¸ô¤Q¤G8¡A¤Ü¤@36¡F¤Ó¤Ü¤­32¡^Ãö©ó¥½¤é¤§¨Æªº°Q½×¤¤¡A¦]¦¹µ´µL²z¥Ñ­n¨D«Où¦b©««e¤@©w­n¥Î¥t¥~¨º­Ó¤¶µü¡C¡]¤T¡^§@ªÌ»{¬°±Ï®¦¦b«H¤W³Q´y¼g¬°¥þÄݱN¨Óªº¨Æ¡A³o¬Ýªk¬O¿ù»~ªº¡F¦]¬°«H¤Wº¡¤F¡u¦b°ò·þùØ¡v¤ÎÃþ¦üªº¤½¦¡¡]¤@1¡A¤G14¡A¤T8¡A¥|1¡B16¡A¤­\cs1612¡B18¢w¢wÃö©ó¡u¦b¥DùØ¡v¸ò¡u¦b°ò·þùØ¡vªº¤À§O¡A¥i°Ñ¤T8µùÄÀ¡^¡A¦¹¤½¦¡ªº³¡¥÷§t·N¡A´N¬O«H®{²{¤µ¤w¨É¨ü¦b°ò·þùتº±Ï®¦¡C3

¤T¡B²Ä¤TºØ²z½×§â©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¬Ý¬°¨â«Ê¯u¥¿ªº«Où®Ñ«H³Q¦X¨Ö°_¨Óªºµ²ªG¡C®Ú¾Ú¤@¦ì¾ÇªÌªº¤ÀªR¡A4½sªÌ±N«Où¼gµ¹©««°±Ð·|ªº¨â«Ê«H¦X¨Ö°_¨Ó¡A¦b½sÄ¡ªº¹Lµ{¤¤¥[´¡¤F¤@¨ÇÃB¥~ªº¸ê®Æ¡G¥Ò«H¡]¤@1-¤G12¡A¤G17-¤T4¡A¤T11-13¡^¬O¥Ñ´£¼¯¤Ó©ó¤T³¹¤@¦Ü¤­¸`©Ò´£¤Îªº¨º¦¸³X°Ý±aµ¹±Ð·|ªº¡F¤A«H¡]¤T6-10¡A¥|13-¤­11¡A¥|9-10a¡A¤­23-26¡B28¡^«h¬O´£¼¯¤Ó¦^¨ì¶®¨å»P«Où·|¦X¥|¦Ü¤»¬P´Á«á¼gªº¡F½sªÌ¥[¤Wªº¸ê®Æ¥]¬A¤@¬q¹ïªì«HªÌªº¸Ü¡]¤G13-16¡^¡A¤@¨Ç¨Ó¦ÛÁ¿³¹©Î±Ð¸q°Ýµªªº¸ê®Æ¡]¥|1-8¡B10b-12¡A¤­12-22¡^¥H¤Î¤@¨Ç³s±µ¥y¡]¤T5¡A¤­27¡^¡C

§@ªÌ»{¬°¡A¨º¨Ç¥Ñ½sªÌ¥[¤Wªº³¡¤À§t¦³¥H¤U¯S¦â¡A¥Ñ¦¹¥i¬Ý¥X¥¦¤£ÄÝ«Oùªº­ì«H¡G¡]¤@¡^¥¦¤í¯Ê¨ãÅ骺²Ó¸`¡A§Y¬O¨S¦³¯S§O´£¤ÎŪªÌªº³B¹Ò¡F¡]¤G¡^´N¨ä®æ¦¡¦Ó½×¡A¥¦Åã¥Ü¤@ºØ¥­¦æµ²ºc¡A³o´£¥Ü¥¦ªº¨Ó·½¬O±Ð¸q°Ýµª©ÎÄU«j¸ê®Æ¡F¡]¤T¡^³o¨ÇÃB¥~¥[²Kªº³¡¤À§e²{¬Ý»P¯u¥¿ªº«Où®Ñ«H³¡¥÷¤¬¬Û½Ä¬ðªº±¡§Î¡A¨Ò¦p¡G¥|³¹¤@¸`¤Î¤U¤å§i¶DŪªÌ­n¦³¦nªº¦æ¬°Á|¤î¡A¦ý¤@³¹¤C¸`¤w»¡¹LŪªÌ¦³¬ü¦nªº¦æ¬°¡C¥i¬O¡A¡]¤@¡^¨ä¥Lªº«Où®Ñ«HùØ­±¤@¨ÇÄU«j©Êªº¸Ü¦P¼Ë¤í¯Ê¨ãÅ骺²Ó¸`¡A¨Ò¦pù°¨®Ñ¤Q¤G³¹¤E¸`¤Î¤U¤å©MµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¥|³¹¤K¸`¡B¤E¸`¡C¡]¤G¡^§@ªÌ¸Ø¤j¤F©««eªºÄU«j³¡¥÷ªº¥­¦æµ²ºc¡C¡]¤T¡^§@ªÌ»{¬°¬O½sªÌ¥[¤Wªº¨º¨Ç³¡¥÷¡A¨ä¹êº¡¤F«Où®Ñ«H¤¤±`¨£ªºÆ[©À©MµüĦ¡C¡]¥|¡^§@ªÌ©Ò¿×ªº½Ä¬ð±¡§Î¬O¤£Ãø¸ÑÄÀªº¡]¨£¦³Ãö¸g¤åªºµùÄÀ¡^¡C¦]¦¹¡A§@ªÌ»{¬°¬O¥[´¡ªº³¡¥÷¸û¥i¯à¬O«Où­ìµÛªº¤@³¡¥÷¡A¦¹ÂI¤w¨¬¥H¨Ï¤H¹ï§@ªÌªº¾ã­Ó²z½×²£¥ÍÃhºÃ¡C¤£¦ý¦p¦¹¡A³o²z½×ÁÙ¦³¤U¦C§xÃø¡G¡]¤@¡^¦¹»¡­n§â¤T³¹¤G¸`¡u¥´µo¡v¤@¦rªº­ì¤å¬Ý¬°«H¥¾¦¡ªº¹L¥h®É¦¡¡]·N§Y¡u§Ú¦p¤µ¥´µo¡v¡^¡A³o¬O¤£¥¿½Tªº¡]¨£¸Ó³BµùÄÀ¡^¡C¡]¤G¡^¤T³¹¤­¸`¬ðµM¥Î³æ¼Æ²Ä¤@¤HºÙ¡A¦ý²Ä¥|©M²Ä¤»¸`³£¬O¥Î½Æ¼Æªº²Ä¤@¤HºÙ¡F½sªÌ­Y¨è·N­n§â²Ä¥|¸`©M²Ä¤»¸`³s°_¨Ó¡A¬O¤£·|¥Ç³o¼Ëªº¿ù»~ªº¡C¡]¤T¡^³æ¬O¤T³¹¤Q¤@¦Ü¤Q¤T¸`¨Ã¤£¾A©y§@«Où®Ñ«Hªºµ²»y¡A¸Óµ²»y³¡¥÷³q±`§t¦³­Ó¤HÂø¶µ©ÎÄU«jªº¸Ü©Î°Ý¦w»y¡A©Î¤TªÌ­Ý¦Ó¦³¤§¡]°Ñ¤­25-28µùÄÀ¤Þ¨¥µù1¡^¡C¡]¥|¡^¦¹»¡¤£¥²­n¦a§â¨Æ±¡§Ë±o«D±`½ÆÂø¡C°ò©ó³o¨Ç¦]¯À¡A¦¹»¡§¹¥þ¤£Àò¾ÇªÌ¤ä«ù¡A¾¨ºÞ¦¹»¡ªº¨â­Ó½×ÂI¢w¢w©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ§t¦³«Où¤§«áªº½sªÌ¥[¶i¥hªº¸ê®Æ¡]°Ñ¤W¤å²Ä¤GºØ²z½×¡^¡A©««e¬O¥Ñ¨â«Ê«Oùªº®Ñ«H¦X¨Ö¦Ó¦¨ªº¡]¨£¤U¤å¡^¢w¢w¤À§O¬°§Oªº¾ÇªÌ¥[¥Hµo´­¡C5

²Ä¤TºØ²z½×ªº¥t¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l¡A6±N©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e«á®Ñ¬Ý¬°¥Ñ¥|«Ê«Oùªº®Ñ«H¦X¨Ö¦Ó¦¨¡A³o¥|«Ê«Hªº¤º®e¤Î¥ý«á¦¸§Ç¦p¤U¡G

¢Ï¡@©««á¤@1-12¡A¤T6-16

¢Ð¡@©««e¤@1-¤G12¡A¥|2-¤­28

¢Ñ¡@©««á¤G13-14¡A¤G1-12¡A¤G15-¤T3¡]5¡^¡A¤T17-18

¢Ò¡@©««e¤G13-¥|1

¢Ï«H¬O«Oùť¨ì©««°ªº±Ð·|¥¿¨ü¨ì²§ºÝÅÍÂZªº®ø®§«á¼gªº¡A¥L­nŪªÌ¨¾Áרº¨Ç¶Ç²§ºÝªº¿Õ´µ©³¨g¼öªÌ¡C¢Ð«H¬O¥L¶i¤@¨Bªº¹Á¸Õ¡A­nÀ°§U¥L­Ì©è¾×²§ºÝªº¼vÅT¤O¡F¦b¨ä¤¤¥L­º¦¸©ú©úªº¬°¥Lªº¨Ï®{¾¨ÆÅGÅ@¡A¨Ã°w¹ï¶Ç²§ºÝªÌªº±Ð°V©M¦æ¨Æ¹ïŪªÌ´£¥Xĵ§i©M±Ð¾É¡C¢Ñ«H¬O¥Lª¾¹D¦³¤HÀݥΥLªº«H¡]¤j·§¬O¢Ð«H¡G¤­5¤Î¤U¤å¡^©Î¥Î¤F«_¥L¦Wªº«H¨Ó´²¼½¥Dªº¤é¤l¤w¸g¨Ó¨ìªº«H®§«á©Ò§@ªº¦^À³¡C¢Ò«H¬O«Où©ó´£¼¯¤Ó³X°Ý©««°ªº±Ð·|¡B§â¦n®ø®§±a¦^¨Ó¤§«á¼gªº¡C

¦¹²z½×Ãö©ó©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«á®Ñªº³¡¥÷¡A±N·|¦b«á®ÑµùÄÀªº¾É½×¤¤°Q½×¡C§Ú­Ì¥Ø«e©ÒÃöª`ªº¡A¥u¬O§@ªÌ±N«e®Ñ¹º¤À¬°¤Gªº°µªk¡C§@ªÌ»{¬°¡G¡]¤@¡^«Où®Ñ«Hªºµ²§ôë§i¤§«e¡A³q±`¦³Ãö©ó­Ó¤Hªº¨Æ¶µ¡A¦¹¶µ¥i¨£©ó¤T³¹¤@¦Ü¤Q¸`¡C¤T³¹¤Q¤@¦Ü¤Q¤T¸`ªºÃ«§i¡A­n¥[¤W¥|³¹¤@¸`¡]©Î¤@¦Ü¤G¸`¡^ªºÂ²µuÄU«j¡A¤~»P¨ä¥L¯u¥¿ªº«Où®Ñ«H¡]«ö§@ªÌ­«·sºc³yªº¡^µ²»y³¡¥÷ªºµ²ºc¬Û²Å¡C¡]¤G¡^«Oùªº®Ñ«H¤@¯ë³£¥H·P®¦¶}©l¡A¦ý©««eªº·P®¦³¡¥÷¤ñ¥ô¦ó¨ä¥L®Ñ«Hªº·P®¦³£¦û§óªøªº½g´T¡F¤G³¹¤Q¤T¸`¤Î¤U¤å¹ê½è¤W­«½Æ¤F¤@³¹¤G¸`¤Î¤U¤åªº¥DÃD¡A«ö²zÀ³¦b¤@«Ê«Où®Ñ«Hªº¶}ºÝ¥X²{¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¦b«H­º¤§«á¤~¥X²{¡C¡]¤T¡^¥|³¹¤G¸`¡]©Î¤T¸`¡^¤ñ¤G³¹¤Q¤T¸`¸ò¤G³¹¤Q¤G¸`»Î±µ±o¸û¥O¤Hº¡·N¡C¡]¥|¡^¬G¦¹¡A¤G³¹¤Q¤T¸`¦Ü¥|³¹¤@¸`¡]©Î¤G¸`¡^ºc¦¨¤@«Ê¿W¥ßªº«H¡A¬O¼g©ó´£¼¯¤Ó¦^¨Ó¤§«á¡A©««eªº¨ä¾l³¡¥÷«h¬°¸û¦­®É¼gªº¡C7

 

¦¹»¡§â©««e¤À¬°¨â«Ê«H¡A¨ä¤¤¤@«Ê¡]¢Ò«H¡^³Q©ñ¦b¥t¤@«Ê¡]¢Ð«H¡^¤§¤º¡A³o¤ñ²Ä¤TºØ²z½×ªº²Ä¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l¤Î²Ä¤GºØ²z½×¨º¼Ë§â©««eªº¸ê®Æ½ÆÂø¦a¤¬¬Û¥æ´ªº°µªk²³æ©M¥i¯à±o¦h¡CµM¦Ó¦¹»¡¦P¼Ë¤£¯à¦¨¥ß¡A²z¥Ñ¦p¤U¡G¡]¤@¡^§@ªÌ»{¬°¤T³¹¤Q¤@¸`¦Ü¥|³¹¤@¸`§t¦³¤@«Ê«Où®Ñ«Hµ²§ô³¡¥÷ªº­n¯À¡A¦ý¨ä¹ê¨ÃµL¤@ºØ©Ò¦³ªº«Où®Ñ«H³£±Ä¥Îªº©T©w®æ¦¡¡F¤T³¹¤Q¤@¦Ü¤Q¤T¸`ªºÃ«§i¤£¤@©w¬O®Ñ«H±N­nµ²§ôªº¼Ð»x¡A¦Ó¥B¦b«Où®Ñ«Hªºµ²»y³¡¥÷¤¤¡A±q¨S¦³ÄU«j¸ÜÀHú¦Ã«§i©Î¹|Ægªº¨Ò¤l¡]°Ñ¤­25-28µùÄÀ¤Þ¨¥µù1¡^¡C¡]¤G¡^¤G³¹¤Q¤T¸`¤£¥²µø¬°¤Þ¤¶¤F«H­ºªº·P®¦¡A¦Ó¥B¤G³¹¤Q¤T¦Ü¤Q¤»¸`¬Oºò³s©ó¨ä¤W¤åªº¡]°Ñ¤G13µùÄÀ¡^¡C¤W­z¨âÂIªºÁ`·N´N¬O¡A¦¹»¡ªº¯u¥¿°ò¦¨ä¹ê«D±`¯Ü®z¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦¹»¡ÁÙ¦³¨âÂI§xÃø¡G¡]¤T¡^­Y¢Ð«H¬O¤@«Ê§¹¾ãªº«H¡A¨º»ò½sªÌ«K¥²´¿±N¢Ò«Hªº¤Þ¨¥¤Î¯¬ºÖ§R¥h¡C¦Ó¬JµM¤G³¹¤Q¤T¸`ªº¡u¬°¦¹§Ú­Ì¤]¡vµ¥¦r¤£¯à¬Ý¬°¤@¥y¤Þ¤¶©Êªº¸Ü¡A§@ªÌ«K­n§â¥¦¸ÑÄÀ¬°¡u½sªÌ¸g¤âªº´¡¤J»y¡v¡C8¦ý½sªÌ¬°¬Æ»ò­n³o¼Ë°µ¡A¬O­Ó¶O¸Ñªº°ÝÃD¡C¡]¥|¡^§ó¬°­«­nªº¡A½sªÌ³o¼Ë§â¨â«Ê«H¦X¨Ö¬°¤@¡A¨ä°Ê¾÷¦ó¦b¡H³o°ÝÃD§¹¥þ¨S¦³Àò±o¥O¤Hº¡·Nªºµª®×¡C9

Á`¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A¥»¸`©Ò°Q½×ªº¤TºØ²z½×³£¯Ê¥F»¡ªA¤O¡C¥¿½TªºÄÀ¸g­ì«h´N¬O§â©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¬Ý¬°¤@«Ê§¹¾ãªº«H¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¥¦¡F§Ú­Ì­Y¯à«ö¦¹°²³]¦¨¥\¦a¸ÑÄÀ¦¹«H¡A¨º´N¬O¦¹«Hªº§¹¾ã©Ê½T©wªºÃÒ¾Ú¡C10³o¤]´N¬O¥»µùÄÀ®Ñ©Ò±Äªº¥ß³õ©Mú¦¤âªk¡C11

 

1 Cf. Marshall 12-13, in Criticism of G. Friedrich(on whose theory, in greater detail, see also Collins 110-113); cf. esp. Plevnik, '1 Thessa 5, 1-11'72-74; also Collins, 'Tradition'342; Kreitzer, Jesus and God 182-183.

2 À³¸Ó¥Îeno{pion¡A¦Ó«D¸g¤å©Ò¥Îªºemprosthen.

3 Cf. Marshall 13-14, in criticism of C. Demke(for whose theory, in greater detail, see also Collins 106-109).

4 Cf. K.-G. Eckart, as reported in NTA ¡±6(1961-62)-230 and cited(in greater detaiI)in Collins 101-102, 114-116.

5 ¥»¬q¸ê®Æ¥D­n¨ú¦ÛBest 29-30; Schmithals, Paul 127-129; Marshall 14-15; Ku/mmel, Introduction 260(cf. Collins 116-117). ¥ç°Ñ¥|9-12µùÄÀ¥½¬q ¡C

6 Schmithals, Paul 123-218, esp. 212-214(cf. Collins 118-124).

7 Schmithals, Paul 129-135(cf. Best 31-32).

8 Schmithals, Paul 133-134.

9 ¥»¬q¸ê®Æ¥D­n¨ú¦ÛMarshall 16-17; Ku/mmel¡AIntroduction 261-262. Cf. Best 32-35(in greater detail).

10 Cf. Collins 124-135(esp. 124-125¡A135); Marshall 16; Best 35.

11 ¹ï©ó©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ©ó1956-1983¦~¶¡¦b¾ÇªÌ¤¤©Ò¤Þ°_ªººØºØ°ÝÃD©M°Q½×¡ACollins 3-75´£¨Ñ¤F¤@¥þ­±©Êªººî¦X³ø¾É¡C

¢w¢w¡m¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¡n