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¦êÄÀ                            ¸t¸g¢w¢w¦ê¯]¡DµùÄÀ¥»¡]·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ¡^¡]­»´äÃÒ¹D1984¡^

©M¦X                            ·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ¡]­»´ä¸t¸g¤½·|¡^

²{¤¤                            ¸t¸g¢w¢w²{¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»¡]­»´ä¸t¸g¤½·|1980¡^

·í¸t                            ·í¥N¸t¸g¡]­»´ä¤Ñ¹D1979¡^

·sĶ                            ·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ·sĶ¥»¡]­»´ä¤¤¤å¸t¸g·sĶ©e­û·|1976¡^

¤ò                                ¤ò§J§µÛ¡GµÌ¥ß¤ñ®ÑÄÀ¸q¡]¥x¥_¤¤°ê¥D¤é¾Ç¨ó·|1969/1981¡^

³¯                                ³¯²×¹DµÛ¡GµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡DµÌ§Qªù®ÑÁ¿¸q¡]­»´ä«Å¹D1968¡^

³Ò                                ³Ò§B»¹µÛ¡E¾¤¥@ªâĶ¡G«Oùªº³ß¼Ö¡]µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¬ã¨s¡^¡]­»´ä®û«H·|1963¡^

AB                               Analecta Biblica

AV                               Authorized (King James) Version

BAG                            W. Bauer ¢w W.F. Arndt ¢w F.W. Gingrich, A Greek ¢w English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago.1957)

Barclay                         W. Barclay, The Letters to the Philippians, Colossians, and Thessalonians (rev. ed.; Philadelphia, 1975)

BDF                             F. Blass ¢w A. Debrunner ¢w R.W. Funk, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago.1961/1967)

Beare                           F.W. Beare, The Epistle to the Philippians (BNTC; London, 3 1973)

BJRL                            Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester

BNTC                          Black's New Testament Commentaries

Bruce                           F.F. Bruce, Philippians (Gnc; San Franciscco, 1983)

BS                                Bibliotheca Sacra

Burton                          E.D. Burton, Syuntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek (31900; Grand Rapids, 1976)

c.                                 circa, about

CBC                            Cambridge Bible Commentary

CBQ                            Catholic Biblical Quarterly

cf.                                confer, compare

CGTSC                       Cambridge Greek Testament for Schools and Colleges

Collange                       J. ¢w F. Collange, The Epistle of Saint Paul to the Philippians (E.T., London, 1979)

d.                                 died (in the year......)

Dana-Mantey               H.E. Dana ¢w J.R. Mantey, A Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament(New York, 1927/1955)

e.g.                               exempli gratia, for example

EGT                            The Expositor's Greek Testament, ed. W.R. Nicoll(5 vols; repr. Grand Rapids, 1961)

EQ                               Evangelical Quarterly

ERT                             Evangelical Review of Theology

E.T.                              English translation

ExpT                           Expository Times

fl.                                 flourished

Gaffin                           R.B. Gaffin, Jr., 'Philippians', The NIV Study Bible, ed. K.L. Barker et al.(Grand Rapids, 1985), 1801-1810

GNB                            Good News Bible (¡×Today's English Version)

GNC                            Good News Commentary

Grayston                     K. Grayston, The Letters of Paul to the Philippians and to the Thessalonians (CBC; Cambridge, 1967)

Hawthorne                   G.F. Hawthorne, Philippians (WBC; Waco, Texas,1983)

Hendriksen                   W. Hendriksen, Philippians (London, 1962/1973)

HFT                             Helps for Translators

HNTC                         Harper's New Testament Commentaries (¡×US edition of BNTC)

Houlden                       J.L. Houlden, Paul's Letters from Prison (London,1970/1977)

HTR                             Harvard Theological Review

IBD                              Illustrated Bible Dictionary, rev. ed. N. Hillyer (3 parts; Leicester, 1980)

ibid.                             ibidem, in the same place

ICC                             International Critical Commentary

IDB                              The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, ed. G.A. Buttrick et al. (4 volumes; New York, 1962; suppl. vol.1976)

Idiom                           C. F. D. Moule, An Idiom-Book of New Testament Greek (Cambridge, 21959/1968)

ISBER                          The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, ed. G.W. Bromiley et al. (fully revised, 4 vols; Grand Rapids, 1979-)

JETS                            Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society

JSNT                           Journal for the Study of the New Testament

Kennedy                      H.A.A. Kennedy, 'The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians', The Expositor's Greek Testament, ed. W.R. Nicoll(5 vols; repr. Grand Rapids, 1961), III 397-473

Lenski                          R.C.H. Lenski, The Interpretation of St. Paul's Epistles to the Galatians, Ephesians and Philippians (E.T., Minneapolis, 1961)

Lightfoot                       J.B. Lightfoot, Saint Paul's Epistle to the Philippians (1913; Grand Rapids, 1953/1963)

Loh-Nida                     I-Jin Loh and E. A. Nida, A Translators Handbook on Paul's Letter to the Philippians (HFT 19; Stuttgart, 1977)

Martin (NCB)              R.P. Martin, Philippians (NCB; London, 1976)

Martin(TNTC)R.P. Martin, The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians (TNTC; London, 1959/1964)

Metzger                        B.M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (London/New York, 1971)

mg.                               margin

MHT                            J.H. Moulton ¢w W.F. Howard ¢w N. Turner, A Grammar of New Testament Greek (4 vols.; Edinburgh, 1906-76/1967, 1968, 1963)

Michael                        J.H. Michael, The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians (MNTC; London, 1928/1939)

MM                             J.H. Moulton ¢w G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (London, 1930/1972)

MNTC                         Moffatt New Testament Commentary

Motyer                         J.A. Motyer, The Richness of Christ. Studies in the Letter to the Philippians (London, 1966)

Moule                          H.C.G. Moule, The Epistle to the Philippians (CGTSC, 1987; Grand Rapids, 1981)

Mu/ller                          J.J. Mu/ller, The Epistles of Paul to the Philippians and to Philemon (NICNT; Grand Rapids, 1955/1978)

NASB                          New American Standard Bible

NCB                            New Century Bible

n.d.                              no date

NEB                            New English Bible

Nestle-Aland                Nestle-Aland, Greek-English New Testament (26th rev. ed.; Stuttgart, n.d.)

NICNT                        New International Commentary on the New Testament

NIDCC                        New International Dictionary of the Christian Church, ed. J.D. Douglas (Exeter, 1974)

NIDNTT                      New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, ed. C. Brown (E.T., 3 vols.; Grand Rapids, 1975-78)

NIGTC                        New International Greek Testament Commentary

NIV                             New International Version

NLC                            New London Commentary

NovT                           Novum Testamentum

NTA                             New Testament Abstracts

NTS                             New Testament Studies

RSV                             Revised Standard Version

RV                               Revised Version

SBT                             Studies in Biblical Theology

Stud Ev                       Studia Evangelica

s.v.                               sub voce, under the heading; sub verba, under the word

TDNT                          Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. G.W. Bromiley (E.T., 9 vols.; Grand Rapids, 1964-74),with index (10th) vol. by R.E. Pitkin (1976)

TDNTA                        Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, abridged in one volume by G.W. Bromiley (Grand Rapids, 1985)

TEV                             Today's English Version (¡×\cs16Good News Bible)

Thayer                          J.H. Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, translated, revised and enlarged from Grimm's Wilke's Clavis Novi Testamenti (New York, n.d.)

TNTC                          Tyndale New Testament Commentary

TOTC                          Tyndale Old Testament Commentary

Trench                          R.C. Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament (91880; Grand Rapids, 1966)

TrinJ                            Trinity Journal

TynB                            Tyndale Bulletin

VE                               Vox Evangelica

Vincent                         M.R. Vincent, The Epistles to the Philippians and to Philemon (ICC; Edinburgh, 1897/1968)

WBC                           Word Biblical Commentary

WTJ                             Westminster Theological Journal

Wuest                          K. S. Wuest, Philippians in the Greek New Testament (5th ed.; Grand Rapids, 1948)

WUNT                        Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Zerwick                        M. Zerwick Biblical Greek (E.T., Rome, 1963)

ZNW                            Zeitschrift fu/r die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft

ZPEB                           Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible, ed. M.C. Tenney et al. (5 vols; Grand Rapids, 1975)

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ª½¨ì¤Q¤E¥@¬ö¡A³o­Ó¶Ç²Îªº¬Ýªk¡A¤~¨ü¨ì¯u¥¿ªº¬D¾Ô¡C¥ý¬O¼w°ê¯«¾Ç®a¥]Ò­©M¥L©Ò©l³Ðªº§ù¥­®Ú¾Ç¬£5±q¤å¾Ç¡B¾ú¥v¤Î¯«¾Çªº¨¤«×¹ï¶Ç²Îªº¥ß³õ´£¥X½èºÃ¡A»{¬°µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¨Ã«D«Où©Ò¼g¡Fµy«á¡A¥t¤@¨Ç¾ÇªÌ¥ç»{¬°µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¸ò¨º¨Ç¤½»{ªº«Où®Ñ«H¦bÅéµô¤Î¤º®e¤W³£¦³¤À§O¡A¦]¦¹§_©w¶Ç²Îªº¬Ýªk¡C6¤£¹L¡A«á¨Óªº¾ÇªÌ¨Ã¨S¦³±µ¯Ç¥L­Ìªºµ²½×¡C¤µ¤Ñµ´¤j¦h¼Æªº¾ÇªÌ³£»{¬°¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¥X¦Û«Où¤âµ§¬O­Ó¤£®e¸mºÃªº¨Æ¹ê¡A¦Ó¥]Ò­µ¥¤H¦b¤W¤@¥@¬ö¹ï¶Ç²Î¬Ýªkªº½èºÃ¥ç¤w¦¨¬°¾ú¥v³¯ÂÝ¡A¥u¦³¾ú¥v©Êªº»ù­È¡]§Y¬O§@¬°ÄÀ¸g¥v¤Wªº¤@¥ó¨Æ¹ê¡^¡CÁöµM¦b¤»¤Q¦~¥N´¿¦³¾ÇªÌ¥Î¹q¸£¤ÀªRªk¨ÓŲ©w¨º¨Ç®Ñ«H¬O«Où©Ò¼g©Î¤£¬O¥L¼gªº¡Aµ²ªG«ü¥XµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¨Ã«D«Où©Ò§@¡A¦ý¾ÇªÌ¤@¯ë¬Ò¹ï³oºØ¬Ýªk¤£¤©¦nµû¡C±N¹q¸£¤ÀªRªkÀ³¥Î©ó¹³µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ³o»òµuªº¤@«Ê«H¡A³o°µªk¤×¨ä¤Þ°_¾ÇªÌªº§åµû¡C7Á`¬A¨Ó»¡¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¬°«Où©Ò¼g¦b¤µ¤Ñ¬O´¶¹M³Q±µ¯Çªº¨Æ¹ê¡A¥H­P¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°³o­Ó°ÝÃD´X¥G§¹¥þ¤£¥²°Q½×¡C8

 

1 Polycarp of Smyrna(c. 70-155/160); Irenaeus of Lyons (fl. c. 175-c. 195); Clement of Alexandria(c. 155-c. 220); Tertullian of Carthage(c. 160/170-c. 215/220); Origen of Alexandria(c. 185-c. 254); Hippolytus of Rome(d.c. 235-239).

2 Muratorian Canon.

3 Eusebius of Caesarea(c. 265-c. 339).

4 Cf. Vincent 26; Hendriksen 33-36; Hawthorne xxviii.

5 F.C. Baur(1762-1860) and the 'Tu/bingen School'(cf. C. Brown, NIDCC 987-988).

6 Cf. Vincent xxvi-xxx; Hendriksen 31-33.

7 E.g. Houlden 39-40; Bruce xxi (with n.35 on xxxi); Collange 3-with reference to A.Q. Morton, J. McLeman, and W.C. Wake. ²Ä¤T¦ì§@ªÌ»¡¡G¡u¥Î¤j«¬ªºÃêªd¾÷¦bªá¶é¸Ì¾S¦a¬O¤£¦æªº¡I¡v

8 Guthrie, Introduction 526.

 

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°ò©ó¥H¤Wªº°Q½×¡Aµ§ªÌÃÙ¦P¨ÃµL¨¬°÷ªº²z¥Ñ¨Ï§Ú­Ì¹ïµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñªº§¹¾ã©Ê²£¥ÍÃhºÃ¡C32¦¹¥ß³õ»PµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¥j¨÷ªº¾ú¥v¬Û²Å¡A¦]¬°´N§Û¥»ªºÃҾڦӽסA±q¶}©l´N¥u¦³¤@¨÷µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡A´N¬O·s¬ù¥¿¨åùتºµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡]¾¨ºÞ¸ü¦³¦¹®Ñªº³Ì¦­¥j¨÷ªº¤é´Á¬ù¬°¥D«á¤G¦Ê¦~¡^¡C33

 

9 E.g. A. Loisy, cited in Beare 2.

10 Cf. Beare 2; Guthrie, Introduction 540.

11 Michael 112.

12 ¥H¤Uªº°Q½×¥D­n¨ú§÷¦ÛGarland, 'Composition and Unity' 144-162; Martin(NCB)10-21.

13 ¦³Ãö¦¹¶µ¥~ÃÒªº³oºØ¸ÑÄÀ¤Î¨ä¥L¸û¤£¥i¯àªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A¥H¤Î¥t¦³¤@¤G¶µµL¬Æ»ù­Èªº¥~ÃÒ¡A¸Ô¨£Martin (NCB)11-13.

14 chairete en kyrio{i.

15 B.D. Rahtjen »{¬°¦¹¤ù¬q¥]¬A¤T1-¥|9¡CMartin (NCB)15-17 «ü¥X¥Lªº²z½×¤w³Q¨ä¥L¾ÇªÌ§¹¥þ»é­Ë¡C

16 Cf. Garland, 'Composition and Unity' 144-145.

17 Cf. ibid. 145-146.

18 Garland (ibid. 141-142 n.3) ¸Ô¦C¤F±NµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤À¸Ñ¬°¤G«Ê©Î¤T«Ê®Ñ«Hªº¾ÇªÌ¡C

19 Ibid. 154.

20 Ibid. 149-150.

21 Lightfoot 69-70, 143; Guthrie, Introduction 537, Garland ('Composition and Unity' 148) «h§_©w³o­Ó²z½×¡A¦]¥¦µLªkÃÒ¹ê¡A¥çµL¸g¤åªºÃÒ¾Ú¤ä«ù¡C

22 Cf. Garland, ibid. 150-152.

23 Martin (NCB)15 »{¬°«Où¦b¤@3¤w¶¡±µ¦aªí¹F¤F¥L¹ïµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤HªºÁ·N¡A¦]¥L§â¤@3a¸Ñ¬°¡u§Ú¦]§A­Ì¹ï§Úªº·Q©À´N·PÁ¤W«Ò¡v¡C¦ý³o­Ó¸ÑÄÀ¦³§xÃøªº¦a¤è¡]¨£¸Ó³BµùÄÀ¡^¡C

24 Garland, 'Composition and Unity' 152-153.

25 Ãö©ó¾ÇªÌ¹ïµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤£¦Pªº¡u¤G¤Àªk¡v©Î¡u¤T¤Àªk¡v¡A¸Ô¨£Garland (ibid.155 n.50) ¤ÎWong ('Humiliation' 5n.l) ©Ò´£¨Ñªº¹Ïªí¡C

26 Cf. Garland, ibid. 154-156, Martin (NCB)19 «ü¥X¡A«á¤@ÂI¬O±µ¨ü½Æ¦X«H¥¾²z½×ªº³Ì¤j»Ùꤧ¤@¡C

27 Hawthorne xxxii.

28 Houlden 41; Martin (NCB)20-21; Garland, 'Composition and Unity' 148-149. ³oºØ¡uºc³y¡vªº¨Ò¤l¥]¬A Collange 8-12; Marxsen, Introduction 62-63.

29 Cf. Garland, 'Composition and Unity' 157-159.

30 Martin (NCB)18.

31 Swift, 'Theme and Structure' 249-250, with reference to W.J. Dalton. Garland('Composition and Unity' 159-162) »{¬°«Où¦b¤@27-¥|3¥Î¤Finclusioªk¡A¥Lªº¥Î·N¬O­n¥H¸Ó¬q§@¬°¤@­Ó³æ¦ì¡C

32 Ku/mmel, Introduction 237, Garland ('Composition and Unity' 142-143 n.5) ¸Ô¦C¤F±µ¨üµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¬°¤@«Ê§¹¾ã®Ñ«Hªº¾ÇªÌ¡C

33 Hawthorne xxxii.

 

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µÌ¥ß¤ñªº©~¥Á¥]¬A¦hºØ¤H¡G¦³­ì¨Ó¦b·í¦a©~¦íªº¯S©Ô¦N¨È¤H¡A55¦³¥[¨½´µ¯S³£©MµÌ¤O¤G¥@±a¨Óªº§Æþ¤Hªº«á¥N¡A¦³¦wªF¥§©M¶ø¥Lºû¦w©Ò¦w¸m©ó¸Ó³BªºÃ¹°¨´Þ¥Á¡C·Ó¼Ë¡A¥L­Ìªº©v±Ð²VÂø¤F¯S©Ô¦N¨È¥»¦a©T¦³ªº¯«©ú¡B§Æþ©Mù°¨ªº²³¯«¡BªF¤è¿é¤Jªº½Ñ©v±Ð¡A¥H¤Îù°¨¬Ó«Ò±Ð¡A¨ä¤¤¥H«áªÌ¤×¬°²±¦æ¡C

 

34 ¥»¸`¥D­n¨ú§÷¦Û Bruce xiii-xv; J. Finegan, IDB III 786-787; R.P. Martin, IBD III 1215.

35 Via Egnatia¡×the Egnatian Way.

36 hai Kre{nides¡×'the Springs'.

37 Callistratus.

38 Thasos.

39 Pydna¢w¢w¦b«n°¨¨ä¹yªñ®ü©¤ªº¤@­Ó«°¡C

40 Adriatic.

41 Apollonia and Dyrrhachium.

42 Byzantium.

43 Antony and Octavian.

44 Brutus and Cassius.

45 Actium.

46 Cleopatra.

47 Colonia Iulia Philippensis.

48 Colonia Iulia Augusta Philippensis.

49 ius Italicum.

50 «ö Bruce xiiii ªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A¡uµô§P©x¡v­ì¤å¡]strate{goi¡×strate{gos ªº½Æ¼Æ¡^¬Ûµ¥©ópraetors.ù°¨´Þ¥Á¦aµô§P©xªº¥¿¦¡¦W»Î¬O¡Gduo uiri (or duumuiri iuri dicundo. 'the two men for administering justice'),¦ý¦b¤@¨Ç´Þ¥Á¦a¤¤¡A¥L­Ì³ßÅw¸û´L¶Qªº¦WºÙpraetor.¦ýSherwin-White(Roman Society 92-93) «h»{¬°¨Ï®{¦æ¶Çªº§@ªÌ¥u¬O¥Î¤F³Ì´¶³qªº¤@­Ó§Æþ¦W»Î¨Ó½Ķ¨ºµLªk½Ķªº©Ô¤B­ì¤å¡A¦]¬°¨ì¤F¥D«e63¦~praetor¤@¦r¤w¶}©l¤£¦X¼é¬y¤F (cf. Marshall. Acts270).

51 rhabdouchoi¡×rod-bearers.

52 Sherwin-White, Roman Society 95; cf. Martin (NCB)4-5.

53 §Y¬O§âpro{te{ te{s meridos te{s Makedonias polis (¡×'a first city of the district of Macedonia') §ï¬°pro{te{s meridos te{s Makedonias polis (¡×'a city of the first district of Macedonia'): cf. Metzger 444-446. Sherwin-White (Roman Socity 93-95) ¤]¬O»{¬°¥¿½TªºÁ¿ªkte{s pro{te{s meridos Makedonias polis¦]³Q»~¸Ñ¦Ó«Ü¦­«K³Q¿ù§ï¬°pro{te{ te{s meridos Makedonias polis.

54 'a leading city' (K. Aland and B.M. Metzger, in Metzger 446).

55 Thracians.

 

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¡]¥|¡^©xªø½Ð¨DÂ÷¹Ò¡]®{¤Q¤»35-40¡^¡C¦¸¤é¦­±á¡Aµô§P©x¬£ªkĵ¨ÓÄÀ©ñ¥Ç¤H¡A¦ý«Où´£¥X§Üij¡A«ü¥X¥L­Ì¬Où°¨¤H¡A«o¥¼¸g¼f°Ý66¦Ó³Q¬I¥H´Ò¥´©M³Q©ñ¦bºÊùØ¡A²{¦b«D­nµô§P©x¿Ë¦Û¨Ó»â¥L­Ì¥Xº»¤£¥i¡I«Où©M¦è©Ô¦b«e¤@¤Ñ³Q©Ô¨ì©xªø­±«e®É¥i¯à¤w«Å§i¥L­ÌªºÃ¹°¨¤½¥Á¨­¥÷¡A¤£¹L³o¨Æ¹ê¦b¤@¤ùÂZÄWÁn¤¤³Q©¿µø¤F¡F67¦ý¬O¥L­Ì¦p¤µ¦b¸û¦wÀRªºÀô¹Ò¤U¦A¦¸§Üij¡Aµô§P©x¬OµLªk¤£¥[²z·|ªº¡C«Où³o¼Ë­n¨D¥L­Ì¤½¶}¹Dºp¡A¤@¤è­±¬°­n½T«OµÌ¥ß¤ñªº«H®{¤£·|»X¨ü»P¥Ç¤H¦³¬Vªº´c¦W¡A¥t¤@¤è­±¤]¬O¬°­n«O»Ù¥L¤é«á»Pù°¨©x¤èªºÃö«Y¤£·|¨ü¨ì¤@­Ó¤£²M¥Õªº¡u°O¿ý¡v¼vÅT¡C68¦bµô§P©xªº½Ð¨D¡]¤£¬OÅX³v¥O¡^¤U¡A«Où©M¦è©Ô«KÂ÷¶}¤FµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡C

´£¼¯¤Ó»P«Où¤Î¦è©Ô¦P¦æ¡]°Ñ©««e¤T2¡^¡A¦ý¸ô¥[«Ü¥i¯à¯d¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñ·ÓÅU³o­Óªì¥Íªº±Ð·|¡C¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç­º¬q¥Î¡u§Ú­Ì¡vªº°O¸ü¬O¥HµÌ¥ß¤ñµ²§ô¡]®{¤Q¤»17-40¡^¡A²Ä¤G¬q¥Î¡u§Ú­Ì¡vªº°O¸ü«h¥HµÌ¥ß¤ñ¶}©l¡]®{¤G¤Q5¡^¡F³o¦ü¥Gªí¥Ü¡A«OùÂ÷¶}µÌ¥ß¤ñ®É¡A¸ô¥[¨S¦³¦P¦æ¡A¨ì«Où¦b²Ä¤T¦¸®Èµ{¸g°¨¨ä¹y¦^­C¸ô¼»§N®É¡A¸ô¥[¤~¦A»P¥L¦P¦æ¡C­Õ­Y¸ô¥[¦b¨ä¶¡ªº¤C¤K¦~³£¤@ª½¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñªº¸Ü¡A¥L¥i¯à¤w¦¨¬°µÌ¥ß¤ñ±Ð·|ªº¥÷¤l¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦³¥i¯à¥Nªíú¦µÌ¥ß¤ñ±Ð·|©M¨ä¥L±Ð·|ªº¥Nªí¤@¦P±N¥~±Ú«H®{ªº®½¶µ±a©¹­C¸ô¼»§N¡C69µL½×¦p¦ó¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ±Ð·|»P«Où¤@ª½ºû«ù«D±`¦nªºÃö«Y¡G¥L­Ì¤@¦A¸ê§U«Où¡]¨£¥|16µùÄÀ¡^¡F«Où©ó²Ä¤T¦¸®Èµ{®É´¿¨â«×­«³XµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡]®{¤G¤Q1-2¡B3-6¡^¡A²Ä¤@¦¸­«³XµÌ¥ß¤ñ®É¥¿­È«Où»P­ôªL¦h±Ð·|ªºÃö«Y«D±`ºò±i¡]°ÑªL«e¤Q¤»5¡FªL«á¤G13¡A¤C5-7¡^¡A¦ý«Où»P°¨¨ä¹yªº²³±Ð·|ªºÃö«Y«h«O«ù©Mµ½¡]°ÑªL«á¤K1-5¡^¡CµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¬v·¸ú¦«Où¹ïµÌ¥ß¤ñ±Ð·|ªºªY³ß©M·P¿E¤§±¡¡]¤@4-5¡A¥|1¡B10¡B15-18¡^¡C¬ù¥b­Ó¥@¬ö¤§«á¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ±Ð·|´¿·ÓÅU©¹Ã¹°¨¨ü¦Dªº¦w´£ªü¥D±Ð¥ì®æ¨º¥á¡F¤h¨C®³¥D±Ð«O§Q­²¦b­PµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤Hªº«H¤¤¡]¤@1¡B2¡^´¿´N¦¹¨Æ¡A¨Ã¦]¥L­Ì°ííªº«H¤ßÄ~Äòµ²¥XªG¤l¡Aªí¥ÜªY³ß¡C70

 

56 Gangites.

57 Beare 11.

58 Harrison, Introduction 342.

59 Sherwin-White, Roman Society 78-79.

60 'the principle of incompatibility'.

61 ¸Ô¨£Sherwin-White, Roman Society 79-82.

62 See J. Finegan, IDB III 787b. Cf. Martin (NCB)5-6.

63 Martin (NCB)6.

64 Beare 12.

65 Cf. Bruce xvii-xviii, over against Beare 12 and Collange 2.

66 ¡u¨S¦³©w¸o¡v¡]®{¤Q¤»37¡^ªº­ì¤åakatakritous­I«á¥i¯à¬Où°¨ªk«ßªº¦Wµüre incognita¡×'without investigating the case': Martin (NCB)4; Bruce xxx n.20.

67 ´¿¦³¦è¦è¨½¡]Sicily¡^ªº¤@­Óù°¨¤½¥Á¡A¥L¤@Ãä³ÛµÛ¡u§Ú¬Où°¨¤½¥Á¡v¤@ÃäÁÙ¬O³Q¥´¡]cf. Marshall, Acts 274; Martin [NCB]49¡^.

68 ¤À§O¨£¡GBruce xvii; Martin(NCB)4. Sherwin-White(Roman Socity 82-83) «ü¥X¡A«Où©M¦è©Ôªº¨Æ¥ó­Y¡u¤É¯Å¡vªº¸Ü¡A¥L­Ì·|³Q°e¥æ¬Ùªø¶i¦æ¼f°T¡]°ÑªL«e¤Q¤K12¡^¡C

69 Bruce xviii.

70 Cf. Bruce xix.

 

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Á`¬A¥»¸`ªº°Q½×¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ²Ä¤T³¹©Ò»¡ªº°²®v³Å¡A¬O¨â¯Z¤£¦Pªº¤H¡F¥L­Ì¤À§O¬OµS¤Ó¥D¸qªÌ¡]¤T2¡^©MÁa¼¤¥D¸qªÌ¡]¤T18-19¡^¡F¥L­Ì³£¤£¬O¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñ±Ð·|ùØ­±ªº¡C¦Ü©ó¤T³¹¤Q¤G¦Ü¤Q¤»¸`©Ò¤Ï¬M¨º¨Ç¦Û»{¬°¤w¸g§¹¥þªº¤H¡A¥L­Ì¤£¬O¥t¤@¯Z°²®v³Å¡A¦Ó¥u¬OµÌ¥ß¤ñ±Ð·|¤º¤@¨Ç¤£¦¨¼ôªº«H®{¡C

 

71 E.g. Hawthorne xliv-xlviii; Houlden 103-105; A.F.J. Klijn, as cited in Martin (NCB)23-24(cf. NTA ¡±10[1965-66]-1018).

72 E.g. Manson, Studies 163; Mu/ller 104-106, 129-132; Gunther, Opponents 61, 75-76, 98, 136, 209; J. Behm. TDNT III 788. TDNTA 447.

73 Cf. Martin (NCB)24. with reference to J. Gnilka.

74 Wong, 'Humiliation' 26.

75 H. Ko/ster, as cited in Martin (NCB)25-26; cf. NTA ¡±7(1962-63)-226.

76 'radicalized spiritualistic eschatology'.

77 Martin (NCB)26; Wong, 'Humiliation' 25 with n.1.

78 W. Schmithals, as cited in Martin (NCB)26-27. Cf. C.R. Holladay, as reported in NTA¡±14(1969-70)-612; Marxsen, Introduction 63-64.

79 Martin (NCB)27-28; Wong, 'Humiliation' 25. J.B. Tyson(as reported in NTA¡±20[1976]-891)§åµûSchmithals¤ÎKo/sterªº¨£¸Ñ¨Ã§@¥X¤£¦Pªºµ²½×¡C

80 ¤À§O¨£¡GWong. 'Humiliation' 24 with n.2; Collange 13.

81 theios ane{r¡×'divine man'. °Ñ¤U­±²Ä129­¶¡Aµù68¤Î©ÒÄÝ¥¿¤å¡C

82 J. Gnilka, as reported in NTA¡±10(1965-66)-613; cf. Collange 13-14.¤£¹L«áªÌ»{¬°µÌ¥ß¤ñªº°²®v³Å¤£¤Î­ôªL¦hªº¦³Åé­±¡A¥L­Ì¹³¬Oªþ±qªÌ»P®v³Å¤§¤ñ¡C

83 Martin (NCB)33-34¦P®Ñ²Ä125­¶»¡¡A³o¨ÇµS¤Ó¤H¬O¦³¿Õ´µ©³¦â±mªº¡]°Ñ¤U­±µù94¤Î©ÒÄÝ¥¿¤å¡^¡C

84 Wong. 'Humiliation' 28.

85 Cf. Nestle-Aland, RSV, ·sĶ¥»¡A©M¦X¥»ªº¤À¬qªk¡C

86 Wong. 'Humiliation' 31.

87 RV. NASB¥H¤T1-16¬°¤@¬q¡A17-21¬°¥t¤@¬q¡F¦¹¤À¬qªk¤ä«ù¥¿¤åªº¬Ýªk¡C

88 ¦]¦¹µ§ªÌ¥¼¯à¦P·N¶À¤óªº¬Ýªk¡A¦o»{¬°¤T12-21¬O¤@¬q¡A¨ä¤¤¨â­Ó¤À¬q¡]12-16, 17-21¡^ªºÃö«Y¦p¤U¡G¨º¨Ç¡u§¹¥þ¥D¸qªÌ¡vªº¿ùÂÕ«ä·Q¾É­P¥L­Ì¦b¦æ¬°¤Wªº°¾®t ¡]Wong. 'Humiliation' 19-36¡^.

89 Cf. e.g. Lightfoot 143-144; Vincent 92-93; Michael 133. Grayston (Opponents) »{¬°¡uª¯¡v¥u¯à«ü¥~±Ú¤H¡]171b¡^¡A¥Lªº²z¥Ñ¬O¡G«Où®Ñ«H¥L³B¨Ã¨S¦³ºÙ±Ð·|¬°¡u¨ü³Î§ªº¡v¡]'the circumcision'¡^¡A¤]¨S¦³¥Î¶S§íªº¤f§k´£¤Î³Î§¡]170b¡^¡C¦ýù¤G28-29©M¦è¤G11³£·t¥Ü±Ð·|¤~¬O¯u¨ü³Î§ªº¡AµÌ¤T3¥u¬O§â³o·N«ä©ú»¡¥X¨Ó¡F«Où¨S¦³¥H¶S§íªº¤f§k´£¤Î³Î§¡A¤£µ¥©ó¥L¤£¥i¯à¥H³o¼Ëªº¤f§k´£¤Î³Î§¥D¸qªÌ¡]¦p¥¿¤å©Ò¸ÑÄÀªº¡^¡C§@ªÌ»{¬°¤T2©Ò«üªº¬O¤@¯Z¥~±Úªº¥b¿Õ´µ©³¥D¸qªÌ¡A¥L­Ì±Ä¯Ç¤F³Î§§@¬°¤@ºØ¶H¼x©Êªº»ö¦¡¡C¦ý¡u­Y­n±qµÌ¤T2¬Ý¥X¿Õ´µ©³¥D¸q¨Ó¡A´N±o¥ý§â¥¦©ñ¶i¥h¡v¡]Bruce 81¡^¡C

90 aischyne{ : ¥t¨£©ó¸ô¤Q¥|9¡FªL«á¥|2¡F¨Ó¤Q¤G2¡FµS13¡F±Ò¤T18¡C

91 Hendriksen 179 n. 160; cf. Beare 133.

92 E.g. E. Brandenburger, NIDNTT I 400; Guthrie, Theology 559.

93 Kennedy 461; Michael 172; Martin (NCB)143.

94 ¤À§O¨£¡GE.D. Schmitz, NIDNTT II402; Martin (NCB)144 ¡]°Ñ¤W­±µù83¡^¡C

95 Kennedy 461; Moule 71; Michael 172; Beare 134; J. Schneider, TDNT VII 576, TDNTA 1072; Hendriksen 178. R. Jewett (as reported in NTA¡±15[1970-71]-955) ¦P·N¦¹»¡¡C¤£¹L¥L»{¬°«Où·íªì¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñ¶Ç¹D®É´¿§â¥L­Ì³v¥X±Ð·|¡A¦¹ÂI¯ÂÄÝÁr´ú¡C

96 Hendriksen 178.

 

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97±q¤G¥@¬ö¡]°¨¦N¦wªºµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ§Ç¨¥¡^¶}©l¡A¨ì¤Q¤K¥@¬ö¥½¡Aù°¨¤@ª½³Q¤½»{¬°µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñªº¼g§@¦aÂI¡C¤£¹L¡A³o±yªøªº¶Ç²Î©Ò·p¦¨ªº¥~ÃÒ¦ü¥G¨ÃµL¥i¾aªº¸ê®Æ§@¬°°ò¦¡A¦]¦¹¡A¶Ç²Îªº¬Ýªk¬O§_¥¿½T¡A¥²¶·¥ÑµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñªº¤ºÃÒ¨ÓÂ_©w¡C

¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ùù°¨¬°¼g§@¦aÂIªº¥D­n½×¾Ú¦p¤U¡G¡]¤@¡^Ķ¬°¡u®cùتº½Ã¶¤¡v¡]¤@13¡^¤@¦r³Ì¦ÛµMªº¸ÑÄÀ¬O«ü¦bù°¨ªº±sªL­x¡C¦Û´£§È¯d¦bù°¨¬°¥L­Ì«Ø¤F¤@¤j®y­xÀç«á¡A¬°¼Æ´X¤d¤Hªº±sªL­x³q±`³£¬O¶°¤¤¦bù°¨ªº¡F¥L­Ì­Y¦b¥ô¦ó¬Ù¥÷ªº­º³£¤º¥X²{¡A¤]¥u¬O§@¬°¬ÙªøªººaÅA½Ã¶¤¦Ó¤w¡C98¦³Ãöªº¦Wµü¦b©Ô¤B¤å³q±`«ü¨º¬°¤H©Ò¼ô±xªº±sªL­x¡F§Æþ­ì¤å©Ò¥Îªº¦r99¬O±q©Ô¤B¤å­É¹L¨Óªº¡A¥¦¦b´X¥÷»Ê¨èªº¤åÄm¤¤¤]¬O¥Î¨Ó«ü±sªL­x¡CµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤H¥»¨­¬Où°¨¤½¥Á¡A¥L­Ì»{ÃѤ@¨Ç°h¥îªºÃ¹°¨§L¤h¡A¹ïù°¨ªº±sªL­x¥ç·|¦³©Ò»{ÃÑ¡C100´«¨¥¤§¡A­ì¤åµ¹ÅªªÌªº²Ä¤@­Ó¦L¶H¦ÛµM¬O¦bù°¨ªº±sªL­x¡]°£«D¥L­Ìª¾¹D«Où¨Ã¤£¬O±qù°¨¼g«Hµ¹¥L­Ì¡^¡C·Ó¼Ë¡AÁöµM¡u³Í¼»®aùتº¤H¡u¡]¥|22¡^¤@»y¥»¨­¨Ã¤£ªí¥Ü³o¨Ç¡u³Í¼»ªº¹µ­û¡v¤@©w¬O¦bù°¨¡A¦ý³o¬O¦¹»yµ¹¤Hªº²Ä¤@­Ó¦L¶H¡A¥t¦³¤@¨âÂI¤ä«ù³o­Ó¦L¶H¬O¥¿½Tªº¡]¨£¥|22µùÄÀ¡^¡C¡]¤G¡^«Où·í®Éªº³B¹Ò®e³\¥L©M¥Lªº²³±Ð·|³q«H¡A±µ«Ý¨Ó¬Ý¥Lªº¤H¡A¨Ã¦w±Æ¦P¤uªº®Èµ{¡F³oºØ±¡ªp¸ò«Où¦bù°¨§¤ºÊ®Éªº±¡ªp¡]®{¤Ü¤K30-31¡^ýÁ¦X¡C¡]¤T¡^«Où©Ò¦bªº¦a¤è¦³¤£¤Ö¶ÇºÖ­µªÌ¡A¥]¬A¤@¨Ç¦sú¦¤£¯Â¥¿ªº°Ê¾÷¶ÇºÖ­µªº¤H¡]¤@15-17¡^¡F³o¼Ëªº¤@´T¹Ïµe¾A¦Xù°¨¹L©ó¸Ó¼»§Q¨È©Î¥H¥±©Ò¡C¡]¥|¡^¤£½×«Où¬O¦bµ¥­Ô´£¼f©Îµ¥­Ô¼f°Tªºµ²ªG¡A¥L¾å±o¦¹§P¨M±N¬O¨M©w©Êªº¡A¬O¤£¯à¤W¶Dªº¡]¤@20-23¡A¤G17¡B23¡^¡C«Où³oºØ¡u³Ì«áªº§P¨M¡vªº·NÃÑ¡AÅã¥Ü¥L¤£·|¬O¥Ñ¤@­Ó¬Ù¥÷ªºµô§P¸p¼f§P¡C

¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¤Ï¹ïù°¨¬°¼g§@¦aÂIªº¥D­n²z¥Ñ¦p¤U¡G101¡]¤@¡^ù°¨»PµÌ¥ß¤ñ¬Û¹j¬Æ»·¡A©¹¨Ó¤G¦a©Ò²o¯Aªº®Èµ{¥]¬A­n¨«³°¸ô730­^¨½¡]¬ù1170¤½¨½¡^¡A¥[¤W¤@¨â¤Ñªº®üµ{¡]¹L¨È±o¨½¨È®ü¡^¡AÁ`¦@»Ý®É¤C¦Ü¤K­Ó¬P´Á¡]³æµ{¡^¡CµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñªº¤ºÃÒÅã¥Ü¡A©ó«Où¼g«H®É¡A¤w¦³¥|¦¸®Èµ{¡A©¹ªð©óµÌ¥ß¤ñ»P«Où©Ò¦b¦a¤§¶¡¡AÁÙ¦³¤T¦¸¦b­p¹º¤¤¡C³o¨Ç®Èµ{¬O¡G(1)¦³¤H±q«Oùªº©Ò¦b¦a±a°T®§µ¹µÌ¥ß¤ñ¤H¡A§iª¾¥L­Ì«Où¦bºÊùØ¡C(2)¥H¤Ú¥±´£±aú¦µÌ¥ß¤ñ¤HªºÃJÃبӨì«Où¨ºùØ¡]¤G25¡A¥|18¡^¡C(3)¥H¤Ú¥±´£©èúq«á¥Í¯f¡A³o®ø®§¶Ç¨ìµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤Hªº¦Õ¤¤¡]¤G26¡^¡C(4)¥H¤Ú¥±´£±µ¨ì®ø®§¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤H¦]Å¥¨£¥L¥Í¯f¦Ó±¾¤ß¡]¤G26¡^¡C(5)¥H¤Ú¥±´£§Y±N±aú¦«Oùªº«H¦^µÌ¥ß¤ñ¥h¡]¤G25¡B28¡^¡C(6)´£¼¯¤Ó¤£¤[±N·|¨ìµÌ¥ß¤ñ¥h¡]¤G19¡B23¡^¡C(7)´£¼¯¤Ó·|¦^¨ì«Où¨ºùØ¡A§âµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤Hªº®ø®§§i¶D«Où¡]¤G19¡^¡C²Ä¤@¦Ü²Ä¥|¦¸®Èµ{¬O¤w¸gµo¥Íªº¡A³o¥|¦¸¤@¦@»Ý®É¦Ü¤Ö¤C¦Ü¤K­Ó¤ë¡A¦]¦¹¨Ï¤HÃhºÃ«Oùªº©Ò¦b¦a¬O§_ù°¨¡C

¥i¬OµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñªº¤ºÃҨ䣻ݭn§Ú­Ì°²©w²Ä¤@¦¸®Èµ{¥²©w¦³µo¥Í¡A¦]¬°¥i¯à¦b«Où¨M©w¦V¸Ó¼»¤W¶D«á¤£¤[¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤H«Kª¾¹D³o®ø®§¡A¨Ã¥ß§Y¥´µo¥H¤Ú¥±´£±aú¦ÃJÃØ©¹Ã¹°¨¥h¡F³o¼Ë¡A§Y¨Ï¥L¤£¬O¤ñ«Où¥ý¨ì©Î¦P®É¨ì¹F¡A¥ç¦Ü¤Ö¦b«Où©è¹Fù°¨¤§«e«K¦­¤w±Òµ{¡C102¦¹¥~¡A¥H¤Ú¥±´£¥Í¯f¤£¤@©w¬O¦b¥L©èúq¤§«á¡A¦Ó¥i¯à¬O¦b©¹Ã¹°¨³~¤¤¡]¨£¤G30µùÄÀ¡^¡F¤]³\¥H¤Ú¥±´£¦b³~¤¤¯f­Ëªº®ø®§¦b¥L¥¼©è¹Fù°¨®É¤w¶Ç¨ìµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤Hªº¦Õ¤¤¡C³o¤TÂI³£·|´î¤Ö¤W­±¨º¥|¦¸®Èµ{ªº¦¸¼Æ©M©Ò»Ýªº®É¶¡¡C103¦ý§Y¨Ï«ö¨¬¥|¦¸®Èµ{¨Ó­pºâ¡A©Ò»Ýªº®É¶¡¥ç¤£¶W¹L¤@¦~¡A¦Ó«Où¦bù°¨µ¥­Ô¼f°Tªº®É¶¡¦Ü¤Ö¦³¨â¦~¡]®{¤Ü¤K30¡^¡A¨ì¥L¼gµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ®É¡A¥Lªº®×¥ó¦ü¥G¤w±µªñ´£¼f¡]©Î§P¨M¡^ªº¶¥¬q¡AÅ㨣¦³«D±`¥R¸Îªº®É¶¡®e³\¨º¨Ç®Èµ{¦b¨ä¶¡µo¥Í¡C104¯u¥¿ªº°ÝÃD¬OÃö©ó¤W­±©Ò­z²Ä¤»©M²Ä¤C¦¸®Èµ{¡C¦]¬°«Où¥¿¦bµ¥­Ô´£¼f©Î§P¨M¡A¨äµ²ªG¥i¯à¬O©w¦º¸o¡A¦ý¥L¤´µM¹w´Á´£¼¯¤Ó·|§â¦³ÃöµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤Hªº¦n®ø®§±a¦^¨Óµ¹¥L¡]¤G19¡^¡C¤£¹L¦³¨âÂI­È±o¯d·N¡G²Ä¤@¡AÁöµM«Où¤£¯àªÖ©w¼f°Tªºµ²ªG¦p¦ó¡A¦ý¥L±j¯P¦a¬ß±æ¥L·|ÀòÄÀ¡]¤@25¡^¡C²Ä¤G¡AÁöµM«Où­p¹º¡u¤£¤[¡v´N·|¥´µo´£¼¯¤Ó¥h¡A¦ý¥L¨Ã¨S¦³»¡¥L¹w´Á¥L¡u«Ü§Ö¡v«K·|¦^¨Ó¡F¥L­YÀò±oÄÀ©ñ¡A§Ú­Ì¤j¥i¥H°²©w¥L·|¥hµÌ¥ß¤ñ»P´£¼¯¤Ó·|¦X¡]¤G19¡B24¡G¡u¤£¤[¡K¡K¤£¤[¡v¡C105

¡]¤G¡^ù°¨®Ñ¤Q¤­³¹¤Ü¤T¦Ü¤Ü¥|¸`©M¤Ü¤K¸`Åã¥Ü¡A«Où­p¹º¦b¥L±N¥~±Ú±Ð·|ªº®½¶µ°e¥æ­C¸ô¼»§N±Ð·|«á¡A«K©¹¦è¯Z¤ú¶ÇºÖ­µ¥h¡F¦ý¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¥L«oªí¥Ü¬ß±æ¨Ã­p¹º©óÀòÄÀ«á­«³XµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡AÄ~Äò¦b¥L­Ì¤¤¶¡¤u§@¡]¤@24-27¡A¤G24¡^¡C³o­Ó¤Ï¹ï²z¥Ñªº»¡ªA¤O¤£¤j¡A¦]¬°«Où¼gù°¨®Ñ®É¬O¦Û¥Ñªº¡A²{¦b¸g¹L¬ù¤­¦~ªººÊ¸T«á¡A¥L«Ü¥i¯à§ïÅܤF¥Lªº­p¹º¡A¼È®É¤£¶}®i·sªººÖ­µ»â°ì¡A¦Ó¬O¥ýªð¦^ªF¤è¡C­Õ­Y¥L¦b¦¹´Á¶¡´¿±µÀò¤@¨Ç¦³Ãö¥L¦bªF¤èªº±Ð·|¤Î¨Ï¥L¤£¦wªº®ø®§¡]¦pºqù¦èªº²§ºÝ¡^¡A¦Óù°¨±Ð·|¥ç¤£¬O¥þµM¤ä«ù¥L¦b¦è¯Z¤ú¶ÇºÖ­µªº«Å±Ð­p¹º¡]°Ñ¤@15-17¡^¡A¥L´N§ó¦³²z¥Ñ§ïÅÜ¥Lªº­p¹º¤F¡C106

¡]¤T¡^µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤@³¹¤T¤Q¸`¤Î¥|³¹¤Q¤­¦Ü¤Q¤»¸`¦ü¥Gªí¥Ü¡A«Où¦Û±qªì¦¸¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñ¶ÇºÖ­µ«á¡A¤@ª½¨S¦³­«³XµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡F¦ýµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ­Y¬O¼g©óù°¨¡A«Où¨Æ¹ê¤W´¿¨â¦¸­«³XµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡]®{¤G¤Q1-6¡^¡C¦ý¬O¡A±q¤@³¹¤T¤Q¸`©M¥|³¹¤Q¤­¦Ü¤Q¤»¸`¤Þ¥X¨Óªº§t·N¬O­È±oÃhºÃªº¡C«Oùªì¦¸¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñ¶Ç¹D®É´¿¡u³Q®`¨ü°d¡v¡]©««e¤G2¡A©M¦X¡F°Ñ®{¤Q¤»19-40¡^¡A¦ý¦b¥L¨ä«á¨â¦¸­«³XµÌ¥ß¤ñ®É¡A¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¨ÃµL°O¸ü¥L¦³¦P¼Ë©ÎÃþ¦üªº¸g¾ú¡A¦]¦¹«Où´£¨ì¡uª§¾Ô¡v®É¡A«K¦ÛµM¦a­«´£¥L¤Q¤@¡B¤G¦~«eªº¸g¾ú¡C·Ó¼Ë¡A«Où©ó¥|³¹¤Q¤­¸`¡]°Ñ¤@5¡^¬O¦b¾Ð­z¤@¨Ç©¹¨Æ¡F¥L´£¤ÎŪªÌ³Ìªì«H¥D¤§®É¨Ã¤£ªí¥Ü¨º¬O¤£¤[¤§«eªº¨Æ¡C107

¡]¥|¡^«Où¦bù°¨ªº±¡ªp¬O¤@ºØ¡u¦Û¥ÑªººÊ¸T¡v¡]®{¤Ü¤K30-31¡^¡A¦ýµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ«hÅã¥Ü«Oùµø¦º¬°¤@ºØ­¢ªñ¬Ü·ûªº¥i¯à¡]¤@20-23¡B30¡A¤G17¡^¡C¦¹¥~¡A«Où¦b­C¸ô¼»§N³Q®·¬O¦]¥L³Q±±¦Ã©¤F¸t·µ¡]®{¤Ü¤@28¡A¤Ü¥|6¡A¤Ü¤­8¡^¡A¥L¤]¬O±aú¦³o±±¸o³Q¸Ñ¨ìù°¨¡]°Ñ®{¤Ü¤K17¡^¡A¦ýµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ«hÅã¥Ü¥L¬O¦]¶ÇºÖ­µ¦Ó³Q±±ªº¡]µÌ¤@13¡B16¡^¡C´«¨¥¤§¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ»P¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç©Ò¤Ï¬Mªº±¡§Î¤¬¤£¨ó½Õ¡C

¥i¬O¡A¦b«Oùµ¥­Ô¼f°T¹L¤F¨â¦~¤§«á¡A¥Lªº®×¥ó²×©ó´£¼f¤F¡A¨Ã¥B¨Ï¥L·NÃѨì¥L¦³¥i¯à·|³Q§P¦º¦D¡A³oºØ°²³]¨Ã«D¤£¦X²zªº¡C¦Ó¥B´N¬O¨ì¤F³o­Ó®É­Ô¡A¥L¤´¥i¥H¦Û¥Ñ¦a¸ò¥Lªº±Ð·|³q«H¡A¨Ã¬°¥Lªº§U¤â´£¼¯¤Ó¤Î¥H¤Ú¥±´£¦w±Æ¦æµ{¡A³o±¡ªp¸ò¨Ï®{¦æ¶Çªº´y­z¤´µMýÁ¦X¡C¦Ü©ó¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç©MµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤Ï¬M¤F¹ï«Où¤£¦Pªº±±¸o¦¹ÂI¡A§Ú­Ì­n°O±o«Où¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¬O±q¥L¦Û¤vªº¨¤«×¡]¤@7¡B13¡^¤Î±q¨º¨Ç©M¥L¦P¤ßªº¤Hªº¨¤«×¡]¤@16¡^¡A´£¨ì¥L³QºÊ¸Tªº¯u¥¿­ì¦]¡A¡u®cùتº½Ã¶¤©M¨ä¾lªº¤H¡v¡]¤@13¡^¬O¦]ª½±µ»P«Où¦³±µÄ²¡A©Î³z¹L¨º¨Çª½±µ»P«Où¦³±µÄ²ªº¤H¡A¦Ó±oª¾¥L¨ü®¹Âꪺ¯u¥¿­ì¦]¡C´«¨¥¤§¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤@³¹¤C¡B¤Q¤T¡B¤Q¤»¸`¤£¤@©w¬O¤Ï¬M«Où©Ò¨üªº¥¿¦¡ªº±±¸o¡A¦]¦¹»P¨Ï®{¦æ¶Çªº°O¸ü¨ÃµL½Ä¬ð¡C108¡]­Õ­Y³oùتº¤Ï¹ï²z¥Ñ¦¨¥ß¡A«h«Oùªº©Ò¦b¦a¤]¤£¥i¯à¬O¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¡G°Ñ®{¤Ü¥|5-6¡C¡^

 

97 ¥H¤U¥D­n¨ú§÷¦Û¡GBeare 16-24; Guthrie, Introduction 526-536; Reicke, Caesarea 283-286; Hendriksen 23-31; Mu/ller 27-28.

98 Beare 22. Cf. Lightfoot 99-104; Vincent 51-52; Conybeare and Howson, Paul 719 n.11.

99 ¤G¦r¤À§O¬°¡Gpraetorium, praito{rion.

100 Recike, Caesarea 283, 285.

101 Cf. Martin (NCB)40-44.

102 Cf. Beare 19; Harrison, Introduction 318; Guthrie, Introduction 529.

103 Reicke ('Caesarea' 284) »{¬°¥u¦³¨â¦¸®Èµ{¡G¥H¤Ú¥±´£±qµÌ¥ß¤ñ¨Ó¡F¦³¤H±N¥L¯f­Ëªº®ø®§±aªðµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡]§Y¤W­±ªº²Ä¤G¤Î²Ä¤T¦¸¡^¡CHoulden 112 «ü¥X¡A¤G26¨Ã¨S¦³»¡¥H¤Ú¥±´£¤ÎµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤H¬Ò¦³«Hµ¹¹ï¤è¡CGarland('Composition and Unity' 152)¥ç¿×¥H¤Ú¥±´£¤£¥²µ¥¨ìµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤H¦³«Hµ¹¥L¡]©Î«Où¡^©ú»¡¥L­Ì¦]ª¾¹D¥L¯f¤F¦Ó±¾¤ß¡A¥ç·|²q·Q±¡§Î·|¬O¨º¼Ëªº¡C

104 Beare 19; Bruce xxv-xxvi.

105 Cf. Guthrie, Introduction 530; Hawthorne xlii.

106 Cf. Beare 19; Bruce xxiv-xxv; Hendriksen 26-27; Guthrie, Introduction 531; Harrison, Introduction 319.

107 Ku/mmel(Introduction 231) »¡¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¨S¦³¥ô¦ó¦a¤èªí¥Ü«Où¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñ«Ø¥ß±Ð·|«á¥¼´¿­«Á{¸Ó¦a¢w¢wÁöµM§@ªÌ¨Ã¤£¤ä«ù¦¹«H¬O¼g©óù°¨ªº¬Ýªk¡C

108 Ku/mmel(Introduction 234) »{¬°µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤Î¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¨Ã¤£¤Ï¬M¨âºØ¤£¦Pªº±±¶D¡A¥Lªº²z¥Ñ¬O¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¦³Ãö«Où¨ü¼fªº¸ê®Æ¤£¬O¨º»ò²M·¡¡C

 

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¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¦³±Ð·|¦s¦b¬OµL±e¸mºÃªº¨Æ¹ê¡A©¼±o´¿À³Ã¹°¨¦Ê¤Òªø­ô¥§¬yªºÁܽЦb¸Ó³B¦V¥~±Ú¤H¶ÇºÖ­µ¡]®{¤Q³¹¡A¤×¨ä¯d·N¤Q44-48¡^¡F¶ÇºÖ­µªºµÌ¤O´¿¦b¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¶Ç¹D¡A«á¨Ó¦b¸Ó¦a¦í¤U¨Ó¡A¥Lªº¥|­Ó¤k¨à¬O·|»¡¹w¨¥ªº¡]®{¤K40¡A¤Ü¤@8-9¡^¡F¦³¸Ó¼»§Q¨Èªº´X­Óªù®{»P«Où¦P¤W­C¸ô¼»§N¡]®{¤Ü¤@16¡^¡C113¦ý¤W­z¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ù¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¬OµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñªº¼g§@¦aÂIªº¨º¨Ç²z¥Ñ¡A¤£¨£±o¨ã¦³»¡ªA¤O¡F§Ú­Ì¥i³vÂI¦^À³¦p¤U¡G¡]¤@¡^µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤@³¹¤Q¤T¸`­ì¤å¨º­Ó¦Wµü¬O©MÀH«áªº¡u¨ä¾lªº¡e¤H¡f¡v¥­¦æªº¡F«áªÌ¥u¥i¯à«ü¤@¯Z¤H¡A¦]¦¹«eªÌ¸û¦ÛµMªº·N«ä¥ç¬O«ü¤@¯Z¤H¡]¡u±sÀç¥þ­x¡v©Î¡u®cùتºúÒ¶¤¡v¡^¦Ó¤£¬OÁ`·þªº©xªó¡C114¡]¤T¡^«Où¦bù°¨§¤ºÊ®É¦³§ó¤jªº¦Û¥Ñ¡]¤ñ¸û®{¤Ü¤T35¡B¤Ü¥|23¤Î¤Ü¤K30-31¡^¡C¡]¥|¡^µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤@³¹¤C¸`ªº¡uÅGÅ@¡v¤£¤@©w«ü«Où¤w©ó©Ò¦b¦a¦³¤@¦¸¦bªk®x¤W¦ÛÅG¡A¦Ó¥i¯à«ü¡]­Y¥L·í®É¬O¦bù°¨¡^¥L¦b­C¸ô¼»§N¤Î¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¤G¦a©Ò¶i¦æªº¦ÛÅG¡]¨£¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ¡^¡C¤@³¹¤Q¤»¸`­ì¤å¨º­Ó°Êµü¤]³\¤£À³«ö¥¦ªº¦r­±·N¸q¸ÑÄÀ¡A¥¦¸û¥i¯à¦³³ë·N©Êªº¡u¬£¨Ó¡e­È¯Z¡f¡v¤§·N¡]¨£¸Ó³BµùÄÀ¡^¡C¡]¤­¡^Ãö©ó«Où§ïÅÜ­p¹º¤@¨Æ¡A¨£¡uù°¨¡v¤§¤U¤Ï¹ï²z¥Ñªº²Ä¤GÂI¡C¡]¤»¡^µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤T³¹¤G¦Ü¤»¸`©Ò°w¹ïªº¥i¯à¤£¬OµS¤Ó¤H¡A¦Ó¬OµS¤Ó¥D¸qªÌ¡]¨£¾É½×²Ä¤­¸`ªº°Q½×¡^¡C¡]¤K¡^´£¼¯¤Ó«á®Ñ¸Ó¬qªº­I´º¥i¯à«D±`½ÆÂø¡A¦]¦¹¤£©y¥Î§@Â_©wµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñªº¼g§@¦aÂIªº°ò¦¡C115²Ä¡]¤G¡^¡B¡]¤C¡^¨âÂI¦P¼Ë¥i¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ùù°¨¬°¼g§@¦aÂI¤§»¡¡C116

 

¤£¦ý¦p¦¹¡A¥H¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¬°µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñªº¼g§@¦aÂIªº¬ÝªkÁÙ¯A¤Î¤U¦Cªº§xÃø¡G¡]¤@¡^«Où¦b¸Ó¼»§Q¨È§¤ºÊ®É¦³¡u¿Ë¤Í¡v¨Ó¦ø­Ô¥L¡]®{¤Ü¥|23¡^¡A³o»PµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤G³¹¤G¤Q¦Ü¤Ü¤@¸`©Ò¤Ï¬Mªº±¡§Î¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡C¡]¤G¡^«Où¦b«H¤W§¹¥þ¨S¦³´£¤Î¶ÇºÖ­µªºµÌ¤O¡F«Où¤W­C¸ô¼»§N®É´¿¦í¦b¥L®a¤¤¡]®{¤Ü¤@8¡^¡A²{¦b¬°¬Æ»ò¹ïµÌ¤O³ºµM°¦¦r¤£´£©O¡HÁöµM¦³¾ÇªÌ´N¦¹¨Æ¤O¥[¸ÑÄÀ¡A117¦ý¬O¥L©Ò´£¨Ñªºµª®×§ó¥[Åã©ú³o¬O­ÓÃø¥H¸Ñµªªº°ÝÃD¡]­Y«Où¬O¦b¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¡^¡C¡]¤T¡^«Où¦b¸Ó¼»§Q¨È®É¨ÃµL¥Í©R¦MÀI¡A¦]¥L¦bù°¨ºÊºÞ¤§¤U¨ü¨ì«OÅ@¡F¦ýµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ«h¤Ï¬M¥Lªº¥Í©R¦ü¥G¦M¦b¥¹¤i¡C¦³¾ÇªÌ¸ÑÄÀ»¡¡A«Oùªº»y½Õ¡]¤G17¡^¥i¯à¨ü¤U¦Cªº¦]¯À¼vÅT¡G¥L¦Û¤v´÷±æÂ÷¥@»P°ò·þ¦P¦b¡]¤@23¡^¡A¥H¤Ú¥±´£´X¥G¦º¥h¡]¤G26-28¡^¡AµÌ¤O´µ³QºM¦^¡A«D´µ³£¤W¥ôµ¥¡A¥i¯à§Î¦¨¤@ºØ¹ï«Où¤£§Qªº·sªº¦MÀI§½­±¡C118¤S¦³¾ÇªÌ»¡¡A«Où¦b¸Ó¼»§Q¨È®É¡A¥Lªº¥Í©R±`¦³¦MÀI¡]°Ñ®{¤Ü¤@31¡B36¡A¤Ü¤G22¡A¤Ü¤T30¡A¤Ü¤­3¡B24¡A¤Ü¤»21¡^¡A¥L¥u¦]³Qù°¨¤H¬Ý¦u¤~±o¥H¦w¥þ¡C¦ýµS¤Ó¤H­Y¯àÃÒ©ú¥L½T´¿§â§Æþ¤H±a¶i·µùØ¡]®{¤Ü¤@28¡^¡A¨º»ò«OùÁöµM¬Où°¨¤½¥Á¡A¦ý¦bµS¤Ó¤Hªº«ßªk²´¤¤¤´¬O¥Ç¤F¦º¸o¡]°Ñ®{¤Ü¤­11¡^¡C119¥i¬O¡A«Où¨Æ¹ê¤W¨Ã¨S¦³¥Ç¦¹¦º¸o¡A¦Ó¥B¥L¬Où°¨¤½¥Á¡F¦]¦¹§Ú­Ì¥i¦X²z¦a±À½×¡A·í¥L¦b¸Ó¼»§Q¨È§¤ºÊ®É¡AµL½×¥Lªº®×±¡¦p¦óµo®i¡A¥L³Ì«áÁ`¥i¥H¹B¥Î¥L§@¬°Ã¹°¨¤½¥Á©Ò¨É¦³ªºÅv§Q¢w¢w¦V³Í¼»¤W¶D¡C120´«¨¥¤§¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ©Ò¤Ï¬M«Où¨ººØ¡u­±Á{³Ì«á§P¨M¡vªº·NÃÑ»P¥L¬O¦b¸Ó¼»§Q¨È§¤ºÊªº¬Ýªk¤£²Å¡C¡]¥|¡^«Où¦b«H¤Wªí¥Ü¥L¤£¦ý¡u¬ß±æ¡vÀò±oÄÀ©ñ¡]°Ñªù22¡^¡A¦Ó¥B¡uª¾¹D¡v¦Û¤v·|­«±o¦Û¥Ñ¡]µÌ¤@25¡F°Ñ¤G24¡^¡C¦ý¥L¦b¸Ó¼»§Q¨È®É¡A­Y­nÀòÄÀ¡A´N±o¥ý¦VµÌ¤O´µ¦æ¸ì¡A©Î¬O±µ¨ü«D´µ³£ªº«Øij¦b­C¸ô¼»§N¨ü¼f¡]®{¤Ü¥|26¡A¤Ü¤­9¡^¡A¦Ó¨âªÌ³£¬O«Où©Ò¤£·|¦Ò¼{ªº¡F¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A«á¤@­Ó«Øij´N¬Oª½±µ¤Þ­P¥L­n¦V³Í¼»¤W¶Dªº­ì¦]¡]®{¤Ü¤­10¡^¡C121¡]¤­¡^µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤@³¹¤Q¥|¦Ü¤Q¤K¸`¤Ï¬M«Où©Ò¦b¦aªº°ò·þ®{¹ÎÅ骺¤H¼Æ¤£¤Ö¡A¦Ó¥B¦b¥L­Ì¤¤¶¡ªº¶ÇºÖ­µªº¤H¦³¦]«Où¦Ó¤À¦¨¨â¬£ªº²{¶H¡F¦ý¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¨Ã¤£¬O­Ó¥Rº¡«Å±Ð¬¡¤Oªº°ò·þ±Ð¤¤¤ß¡C122

 

109 ¡u¬£¨Ó¡v­ì¤åKeimaiªº¦r­±·N¸q¬°¡u¦b¡Bª×¡v (lie, recline; cf. NEB; 'as I lie in prison').

110 ³o¤]³\¥i³Qµø¬°µªÂФFG.S. Duncan (IDB III 789b) ´£¥Xªº¤@­Ó°ÝÃD¡G«Où¬°¬Æ»ò­n±q¸Ó¼»§Q¨È­«³XµÌ¥ß¤ñ(¥L¤w­«Á{¸Ó¦a¨â¦¸)¦Ó¤£ª½±µ©¹Ã¹°¨¥h¡H

111 ¥H¤W¤CÂI¨£Hawthorne xli-xlii; Robinson, Redating 60-61.

112 Gunther, Paul 102(cf. 107-114).

113 Hawthorne xliii, against Marxsen, Introduction 64.

114 Guthrie, Introduction 527; Hendriksen 24.

115 Cf. Martin (NCB)46.

116 Houlden 44»{¬°¡A¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ù¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¤§»¡ªº½×¾Ú¡A¨S¦³¤@¶µ¤£¦P¼Ë¾A¥Î©óù°¨¤§»¡¡CCollange 17¬Æ¦Ü»¡¡G¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñÂ÷¶}¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¹³Â÷¶}ù°¨¤@¼Ë»·¡F¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¤§»¡¨ã¦³Ã¹°¨¤§»¡ªº¤@¤Á¯ÊÂI¡A¦ý¨S¦³¥ô¦óªø³B¡C¡v

117 Gunther, Paul 105-106.

118 Ibid. 104-105.

119 Robinson, Redating 60; Hawthorne xliii.

120 Ãö©óprovocatio¡]¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¡^¤Î«á´Áªºappellatio¨âºØ¡u¤W¶D¡vªkªº¤À§O¡A¨£Sherwin-White, Roman Society 68-70.

121 Hendriksen 27.

122 Martin (NCB)47; Guthrie, Introduction 527, Cf. Bruce xxiii, 'Philippian Correspondence' 264-265.

 

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¥Ñ¦¹¬Ý¨Ó¡A¤ä«ù¥H¥±©Ò¬°¼g§@¦aÂIªº²z¥Ñ¨ÃµL¯u¥¿ªº»¡ªA¤O¡C¤£¦ý¦p¦¹¡A»{¬°µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¬O¼g©ó¥H¥±©Òªº¬ÝªkÁÙ¯A¤Î¤U¦C§xÃø¡G¡]¤@¡^µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤@³¹¤Q¤T¸`¨º­Ó­ì¤å¡A­Y¬O¥Î¨Ó«ü¡uÁ`·þ©²¡vªº¸Ü¡A¨º¦³Ãöªº¬Ù¥÷¥²µM¬O¤@­Ó¥Ñù°¨¬Ó«Òª½±µºÞÁÒªº¬Ù¥÷¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥Ñù°¨¤¸¦Ñ°|ºÞ²zªº¬Ù¥÷¡F133«e¤@ºØ¬Ù¥÷ªºÁ`·þ¦³­x¶¤¨ü¥Lªº«ü´§¡A«á¤@ºØ¬Ù¥÷«h®Ú¥»¨S¦³¾n­x¡C134·í®É¨È¦è¨È¬O«á¤@ºØ¬Ù¥÷¡A¦]¦¹«ö²z¬O¨S¦³¾n­xªº¡F¦Ó¥B´NÃҾکҤΡA¦³Ãöªº­ì¤å¦bù°¨®É¥N§¹¥þ¨S¦³¥Î¨Ó«ü¤¸¦Ñ°|ºÞ²z¤§¬Ù¥÷ªºÁ`·þ©²¡C135¡]¤G¡^«Où¦b¥H¥±©Ò®É¦³³\¦h¤ä«ù¥LªºªB¤Í¡]°Ñ®{¤G¤Q36-38¡^¡A¥]¬A¥Lªº¦P¤u¦Ê°ò©Ô©M¨È©~©Ô¡]®{¤Q¤K18-19¡B26¡F°Ñù¤Q¤»3-4¡^¡A³o»PµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤G³¹¤G¤Q¦Ü¤Ü¤@¸`¤Ï¬Mªº±¡§Î¤£²Å¡C¡]¤T¡^«Où¦b¥H¥±©Ò¶Ç¹Dª½¦Ü³Ì«á¤W­C¸ô¼»§N³o¬q®É´Á¤º¡A¬°­C¸ô¼»§N±Ð·|¶Ò®½ªº¨Æ±`¦b¥Lªº¤ß¤W¡]°ÑªL«e¤Q¤»1-4¡FªL«á¤K¦Ü¤E³¹¡Fù¤Q¤­25-28¡^¡F¦ýµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¨ÃµL°¦¦r¤ù»y´£¤Î¦¹¨Æ¡C¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°³o¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°«Où¤w±N¥Lªº«ü¥Ü¤f±Âµ¹¥H¤Ú¥±´£¡A¦VµÌ¥ß¤ñ¤HÂà¹F¡A¥[¤W¥L¹w´Á´£¼¯¤Ó©M¥L¦Û¤v³£·|µu´Á¤º©¹µÌ¥ß¤ñ¥h¡A¦]¦¹¦b«H¤W¨S¦³´£¤Î¡C136¦ý´Nºâ³o¯u¬O«Oùªº¦w±Æ¡A¥L¦b«H¤W¹ï©ó³o¥ó¹ï¥L«D±`­«­nªº¨Æ³s¥æ¥N¤@Án¤]¨S¦³¡]°Ñ¸û¥±¤»21¡^¡A¦¹ÂI¤´¬O¥O¤HÃø©úªº¡C¡]¥|¡^«Où­Y¬O¦b¥H¥±©Ò¡A¨Ã¥i¯à³Q«Å§P¦º¦D¡]°Ñ¤@20¡A¤G17¡^¡A¬°¦ó¤£¨Ï¥Î¥LªºÃ¹°¨¤½¥Á¨­¥÷©Ò½á¤©¥LªºÅv§Q¢w¢w¦V³Í¼»¤W¶D¡H¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¡A«Où¦b«H¤¤©Ò¤Ï¬Mªº¦MÀI¥i¯à¤£¬O¥Ñ¥¿¦¡ªºªk«ßµ{§Ç±a¨Óªº¦º¦D¡A¦Ó¬OµS¤Ó¤Hªº¿Ñ®`¡]®{¤G¤Q19¡^©Îúó²³¹ï¥Lªº¥Í©R³y¦¨ªº«Â¯Ù¡F­Y¬O³o¼Ë¡A¥Lªí©ú¥LªºÃ¹°¨¤½¥Á¨­¥÷¬OµLÀÙ©ó¨Æªº¡CµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤@³¹¤T¤Q¸`ªí¥Ü¥L²{¦bªº¡uª§¾Ô¡v¸ò¥H«e¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñ¹J¨ìªº¬O¡u¤@¼Ë¡vªº¡A¨º¤@¦¸¥L´N¬O¨ü¨ìú󲳪º§ðÀ»¡A¥LªºÃ¹°¨¤½¥Á¨­¥÷¤]¨S¦³¨Ï¥L±o¥H§K¨üÕ¥¥´©MºÊ¸T¤§­W¡C137¥i¬O³o¸ÑÄÀ¤´µM¤£¯à¯u¥¿¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD¡G¦]¬°§Y¨Ï¥LªºÃ¹°¨¤½¥Á¨­¥÷¦b¥H¥±©Ò¥¼¯à¨Ï¥L§K¨üµS¤Ó¤Hªº¤Ï¹ï©Îú󲳪º§ðÀ»¡A¦ý·í¥L¼gµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ®É¥LÅãµM¬O¦bºÊùتº¡]¤@7¡B13-14¡^¡A¦]¦¹°ÝÃD¤£¬O¬°¦ó¥L¤£ªíÅS¦Û¤vªºÃ¹°¨¤½¥Á¨­¥÷¡H°ÝÃD©l²×¬O¬°¦ó¥L¤£¦V³Í¼»¤W¶D¡H¦Ó³o°ÝÃD¨S¦³¥O¤Hº¡·Nªºµª®×¡C138¡]¤­¡^¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¨ÃµL´£¤Î«Où´¿¦b¥H¥±©Ò§¤ºÊ¡C°w¹ï¦¹ÂI¡A¦³¾ÇªÌ«ü¥X«Où®Ñ«H´£¨ì¤@¨Ç¸g¾ú¬O¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç©Ò¨S¦³°O¸üªº¡A¨Ò¦p¡G­ôªL¦h«á®Ñ´£¨ì«Où´¿¨I²î¤T¦¸¡A¦ý¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤@¦¸¤]¨S¦³°O¸ü¡C139¦ý«ç¼Ë¸ÑÄÀ³£¤£¯à©Ù±þ¤@¥ó¨Æ¹ê¡G«Où´¿¦b¥H¥±©Ò³QºÊ¸T¤§»¡¥u¬O«Ø°ò¦b¤@¨Ç¥iºÃªº±À½×¤W¡A§¹¥þ¨S¦³ª½±µªºÃÒ¾Ú¤ä«ù¡F³o¬O¦¹»¡¡u³Ì¤jªº®zÂI¡v¡A¬Æ©Î¬O¥¦¡u­P©R©Êªº¯ÊÂI¡v¡C140§Y¨Ï¦¹»¡¦³¸û±jªºÃÒ¾Ú¤ä«ù¡AÁÙ±oÃÒ©ú«Où¦b¥H¥±©Ò§¤ºÊªº®É¶¡¨¬°÷µ¹«H¤W©Ò¤Ï¬Mªº¤T¼Æ¦¸®Èµ{¦b¨ä¶¡µo¥Í¡A«Où¦bºÊ¤¤ªºÀô¹Ò¥ç®e³\¥L±µ«ÝªB¤Í¡A¬°¥Lªº¦P¤u­p¹º¥L­Ìªº®Èµ{¡A¨Ã¥B©M¥Lªº±Ð·|«O«ù®Ñ«H¨Ó©¹¡]«Où¯à¼g«Hªí¥Ü¥L¦³¯à¤O¦Û¥I»Z¯ó¯Èªº¶O¥Î¡A¥Lªº¥Nµ§¤H¤]Àò­ã¶i¤Jº»¤¤¡^¡C§Ú­Ì¥²¶·¦A¦¸±j½Õ¡A´N¤å¥ó¤WªºÃÒ¾Ú¡]¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¡^¦Ó½×¡A¥u¦³«Où¦bù°¨ªº¨º¦¸ºÊ¸T¤~²Å¦X³o¨Ç±ø¥ó¡C141

 

123 Cf. Martin (NCB)48-56; Michael xiii-xxi; Collange 17-19; Ku/mmel, Introduction 329-332.

124 Beare 23 ®Ú¥»ÃhºÃ¥H¥±©Ò¬O§_¦³°«Ã~³õ¡C

125 ¦¹ÂI¨£Michael xiv-xv.

126 Cf. Ku/mmel, Introduction 331.

127 E.G. Cranfield, Romans 5-11; Bruce, Romans 26-29.

128 Reicke, 'Caesarea' 283; Bruce xxii.

129 ¦P¤W­±µù126.

130 Cf. Guthrie, Introduction 533, Ãö©ó®{¤Q¤E22©MªL«e¥|17¡F¤Q¤»10¬O§_«ü¦P¤@¦¸®Èµ{ªº°ÝÃD¡A¨£µÌ¤G19µùÄÀ¡C

131 Cf. Guthrie, Introduction 534; Ku/mmel, Introduction 330; Beare 21, with reference to C.L. Mitton.

132 Guthrie, Introduction 534.

133 ¤À§OºÙ¬°imperial province¤Îsenatorial province.

134 Reicke, 'Caesarea' 283; cf. Harrison, Introduction 318, with reference to F.W. Beare.

135 Bruce xxii.

136 Michael xx; G.S. Duncan, IDB III 790b.

137 Martin (NCB)55.

138 Martin (NCB)56¤ÞW. Michaelisªº·N¨£»¡¡A§Ú­Ì¤£ª¾¹D«Où·í®Éªº³B¹Ò¡A¹ï¥H¥±©Òªºªk®x©Òª¾ªº¤]¤Ó¤Ö¡A¦]¦¹§Ú­Ì¤£¯à»¡¥LªºÃ¹°¨¤½¥Á¨­¥÷¦b·í¦a·|¦³¦h¤jªº§@¥Î¡C¦ý³oµ¥©ó©Ó»{¡A°ÝÃD¨S¦³µª®×¡C

139 Michael xv.

140 ¤À§O¨£¡GRobinson, Redating 58-59; Hawthorne xxxix. Grant(Introduction 193) »{¬°¡A¦¹»¡ªº¥¿­±ÃÒ¾Ú·¥¤Ö¡A¥H­P¦¹»¡¤£¯à¥Î¨Ó°Q½×«Oùªº®Ñ«H¡]§Y¬O¦¹»¡¦b«Où®Ñ«Hªº°Q½×¤¤¨S¦³¦a¦ì¡^¡C

141 Beare 23.

 

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¥H­ôªL¦h¬°µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¼g§@¦aÂI¤§»¡¡A­º¦¸¦b¤Q¤K¥@¬ö¥X²{¡A³Ìªñ¦³¤@¾ÇªÌ¦A¦¸´£¥X¡C¤ä«ù¦¹»¡ªº¥D­n½×¾Ú¦p¤U¡G¡]¤@¡^­ôªL¦h¦³¬Ùªø¡]®{¤Q¤K18¡^¡A¥Ñ¦¹±À½×¡A¸Ó³B¥ç¦³¡u¸Åªù¡v¡]µÌ¤@13¡A°Ñ®{¤Ü¤T35¡F¦¹¤G¸`¤À§O´£¤Îªº¡u®cùتº½Ã¶¤¡v¤Î¡u¸Åªù¡v¦b­ì¤å¬O¦P¤@­Ó¦r¡^©M¡u³Í¼»®aùتº¤H¡v¡]µÌ¥|22¡^¡A§Y¬O³Í¼»ªº¹µ­û¡C¡]¤G¡^­ôªL¦h¤ñ°_¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¡Bù°¨¤Î¥H¥±©Ò³£§ó±µªñµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡A¦]¦¹«H¤¤©Ò·t¥Üªº¦b¨â¦a¤§¶¡ªº¼Æ¦¸®Èµ{¸û©ö²z¸Ñ¡C¡]¤T¡^µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¬Ý¦ü¼g©ó«Où»P±q¶®¦U¨ºùبӪºµS¤Ó¤Hµo¥Íª§ÅG¤§¥ý¡A¦]¦¹¥i¯à¬O¼g¦b­ôªL¦h«e®Ñ¤§«e¡]¸Ó®Ñ¼g©ó«Où¦b¥H¥±©Ò¶Ç¹Dªºªì´Á¡^¢w¢w§Y¬O·í¥LÁÙ¦b­ôªL¦h®É¡C¡]¥|¡^«Où»¡µÌ¥ß¤ñ¤H¨S¦³¾÷·|ªí¥Ü¥L­ÌªºÃö¤ß¡]µÌ¥|10¡^¡F³o¬O¥Ñ©ó«Où»Ý­n¨³³tÂ÷¶}©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{°k©¹¤ñ¨½¨È¡AµM«á°k¨ì¶®¨å¡Fµ¥¥L¨ì¤F­ôªL¦h®É¤w¬O¥V¤Ñ¡A¦]¦¹µÌ¥ß¤ñ¤H­n«Ý¥V¤Ñ¹L«á¡A¤ô¸ô­«·s¶}©ñ¤~¯à¥´µo¥H¤Ú¥±´£©¹«Où¨ºùØ¥h¡C¦¹¨Æ¦b­ôªL¦h«á®Ñ¤Q¤@³¹¤E¸`´£¤Î¡C¡]¤­¡^«Où¦b­ôªL¦h®É±o¨ì¥DÂÇú¦²§¶H¹ªÀy¥L¡]®{¤Q¤K9-10¡^¡A¥L¦b­C¸ô¼»§N§¤ºÊ®É¥ç¦³¦P¼Ëªº¸g¾ú¡]®{¤Ü¤T11¡^¡A¤GªÌ«D±`¬Û¦ü¡F¥Ñ¦¹±À½×¡A«Où¦b­ôªL¦hªº¼Ä¤H´¿§â¥L¤U¦bºÊùبåH¦º®£À~¥L¡C¦ý¥L¬J±q²§¶H±o¦w¼¢¡A«K¯à¼g¥XµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤@³¹¤G¤Q¸`ªº¸Ü¡C142

³o­Ó¬Ýªk³Ì¤jªº§xÃø¡A´N¬O¨ÃµLµ·²@ÃÒ¾Úªí¥Ü«Où´¿¦b­ôªL¦h§¤ºÊ¡F¦b¦¹ÂI¤W¡A«Où¦b­ôªL¦h³Q¥}¤§»¡¤ñ°_¥L¦b¥H¥±©Ò³Q¥}¤§»¡§ó¯Ê¥F®Ú¾Ú¡C¦¹¥~¡A«Où¦b­ôªL¦h®É¡A¥L©¾¸ÛªºªB¤Í¨È©~©Ô©M¦Ê°ò©Ô¤]¦b¨ºùØ¡]®{¤Q¤K1-3¡B18¡^¡A³o¨Æ¹êÃø»P«Où¦bµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤G³¹¤G¤Q¸`ªº¸Ü¨ó½Õ¡C¦]¦¹¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¼g©ó­ôªL¦h¬O­Ó«D±`¤£¥i¯àªº¬Ýªk¡C

Á`¬A¥»¸`ªº°Q½×¡G¦b¤W­z¥|­Ó¬Ýªk¤§¤¤¡A³Ì«á¤@»¡¡]µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¼g©ó­ôªL¦h¡^¥i»¡¨S¦³¥ô¦óÃÒ¾Ú¤ä«ù¡A¦]¦¹¤£­È±o¥[¥HÄYµÂªº¦Ò¼{¡]¥¦¤]¬O³Ì¤£¬°¾ÇªÌ±Ä¯Çªº¬Ýªk¡^¡C²Ä¤T­Ó¬Ýªk¡]¥H¥±©Ò¡^¤]¤£¤j¥i¯à¥¿½T¡A¦]¬°°£¤F¯Ê¥F«Où´¿©ó¥H¥±©Ò³Q¥}ªºª½±µÃÒ¾Ú¥~¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤@³¹¤Q¤T¸`Ķ¬°¡u®cùتº½Ã¶¤¡vªº¨º­Ó­ì¤å¯à§_«ü¤@­Ó¤¸¦Ñ°|ºÞÁÒ¤§¬Ù¥÷¡]¦p¨È¦è¨È¡^ªºÁ`·þ©xªó¡A¬O«D±`­È±o¸mºÃªº¤@ÂI¡C²Ä¤G­Ó¡]¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¡^©M²Ä¤@­Ó¬Ýªk¡]ù°¨¡^¤ñ¸û¤§¤U¡Aµ§ªÌ»{¬°«áªÌÅãµM¸û¬°Àu³Ó¡C¦]¦¹¡AÁöµM¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°ÃÒ¾Ú¤£°÷²M·¡¥H­P¤£¯à§@¥X¨M©w¡A143©Î»{¬°À³¦b¥H¥±©Ò¤Î¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¤§¶¡§@¥X¿ï¾Ü¡A144¶Ç²Îªº¬Ýªk¡]ù°¨¡^ÁöµM¤£¬Oµ´¹ï¨S¦³§xÃø¡A¦ý¦b¤ñ¸û¤§¤UÁÙ¬O³Ì¥i¯à¥¿½Tªºµ²½×¡C«ö¦¹¤F¸Ñ¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¬O¼g©ó«Où¦bù°¨§¤ºÊªº´Á¶¡¡A¥i¯à¬O¦b¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤Ü¤K³¹¤T¤Q¸`©Ò°O¸ü¨º¡u¨â¦~¡v¡]¬ù60-62¦~¡^ªº¥½´Á©Îµy«á¡C145

 

142 S. Dockx (cf. NTA¡±18[1973-74]980), as cited in Martin (NCB)44-45 and in Hawthorne xl. T.W. Mansion (Studies 161)ÁöµM¥H¥H¥±©Ò¬°µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¼g§@¦aÂI¡A¦ý¥L»{¬°«H¤¤´£¤Î«Où§¤ºÊªº¨Æ¡A«h¬O¦b­ôªL¦hµo¥Íªº¡AµÌ¤@14-18¤Ï¬M¤F­ôªL¦h±Ð·|ªºÄÒ¬£¤§ª§¡]ªL«e1-4¡^¡C¦ý«Où¥u¬O³Q©Ô¨ì­{¬yªº¼f§P»O«e¡A¨Ã¥B­{¬y±NµS¤Ó¤H¹ï«Oùªº±±¶D¸m¤§¤£²z¡F³o»PµÌ¤@20-23¤Î¤G17©Ò¤Ï¬Mªº¸g¾ú¤j¤£¬Û¦P¡C¨£Harrison, Introduction 320; Martin (NCB)45.

143 Martin (NCB)56; Foundations 2.205; IBD II 1217a.

144 Ku/mmel, Introduction 332.

145 Ãö©óµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ»P¨ä¾l¤T¨÷ºÊº»®Ñ«H¡]¥H¥±®Ñ¡Bºqù¦è®Ñ¡BµÌ§Qªù®Ñ¡^ªºÃö«Y¡AReicke¡]'Caesarea'¡^»{¬°«eªÌ¼g©óù°¨¡A«áªÌ¼g©ó¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¡C±N¥|¨÷®Ñµø¬°¥X¦Û¦P¤@­Ó¦a¤èªºÄÀ¸gªÌ¤¤¡A¤@¨Ç»{¬°µÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¥ý©ó¨ä¥L¤T¨÷¡]e.g. Lightfoot 30-46; Robinson, Redating 77-80¡^¡A¦ýµ´¤j¦h¼Æ«ù¬Û¤Ïªº·N¨£(e.g. Vincent xxxii-xxv; Hendriksen 29-31). Cf. Martin (NCB)36-37.

 

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